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1978 - Development Plan for Cortlandville
7 MO jr - LrA • IWF T k� tj r4 i ■ ■ COUNTY NwY 13045 Prepared by CORTLANDVILLE TOWN PLANNING BOARD CITIZEN ADVISORY COMMITTEE Consultant CORTLANO COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT 19 July 1976 v_ � .. .. .� ._.. F __ _. ��. .) .. i- - �� � - .. � � .. � • t ,. � � � . Icoclplcnt's .iccc•�,,i..^, tip,, -s. A�q �� utLt<Publication . U USt. 197a 6. � _. 1 ��� •�_ 1 _11 11 . .. -- _- ls. Supplementary Notes prepared under the Comprehensive Planning Assistance Program for the New. York State Department -of State, Division of Community Affairs. ls. Ab8`rs`tg Because the Town of Cort1andville is one of ,the fastest growing towns in the County of Cortland, the Town decided to update its planning program and revise, where necessary, the 1966 Development Plan. Generally, the report is divided in'two main sections. The first section deals with the background information such as historical, physical characteristics, population, open space and recreation; highways, community facilities, economic .base and finances. The second section discusses the Development Plan which makes specific recommendations on land use (including ari emphasis on dis- couraging strip development and neighborhood identification), circulation, community facilities, .open space, implementation and an environmental -assessment. The report should "enable to Town to better understand some of the dynamics in the land use market and. determine those land use policies which will best project the goals and objectives set forth;in the report. 17. Key orris and Document Analysis. 17a. Descriptors ... .... 174. Identifiers/open�Ended Terms 17e. GOSAT'I Field/Group ' 18. Availability Statement 19. Security Class (This 21. �1\0. of Pages Rel eased to the public by the Town of Cort1 andvi 11 a Re L'�EC� IaASSIFIED 226 aS long a5 supply lasts.. 20. Security Class (Thi`s �Za. PriSe ' Page L�CLASSIFIED , FORM NTIi•ii'REV. 3.721 � - � � �USClMM•pC t4ii2•P72 .i 17e. GOSAT'I Field/Group ' 18. Availability Statement 19. Security Class (This 21. �1\0. of Pages Rel eased to the public by the Town of Cort1 andvi 11 a Re L'�EC� IaASSIFIED 226 aS long a5 supply lasts.. 20. Security Class (Thi`s �Za. PriSe ' Page L�CLASSIFIED , FORM NTIi•ii'REV. 3.721 � - � � �USClMM•pC t4ii2•P72 TOWN 0� CORTLANDVILLE PLANNING BOARD July 1976 Roster Chairman Gordon Hatheway Secretary Mildred Brookins William Bean Willard Griswold William Clemens Victor Metcalf CITIZEN'S ADVISORY COMMITTEE Phillip Allen Russell Parsons Robert Blatchley Melvin Pierce Seth Burgess Walter Priest Lawrence Dippold Charles Proctor Ronald Fish Ashley Rhodes John Matson Willis Streeter Ray Miller Eleanor Tarbell Betty Palm Mildred Thomas TOWN BOARD Supervisor Robert Blatchley Donald Eaton Sherman Griswold Ronald Fish Ray Miller EX -OFFICIO MEMBERS Shirley Fish Delmar Palm Don Fowler Henry Wadsworth John Gardner The preparation of this report was financially aided through a Federal grant from the Department of Housing and Urban Development under the Comprehensive Planning Assistance Program authorized by Section 701 of the Federal Housing Act of 1954, as amended. This report was prepared under the Comprehensive Planning Services, It was financed in part by the State of New York. July 19, 1976 Permission is granted to reprint any or all of this publication. The proper credit notation would be•greatly appreciated. (CCPD) TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAG� Letter of Transmittal i Preface iii 1 Historical Background 1 2 Physical Characteristics 5 Introduction 5 Overview 5 Topography 5 Bedrock 8 Water 8 Manmade Features 9 Subsurface Features 10 Conclusion 10 3 Population 18 Introduction 18 Spatial Distribution 18 Population Trends 18 Population Characteristics 21 Racial Characteristics 24 Household Characteristics 25 Projection of Income 25 Conclusion 30 4 General Housing Characteristics 31 Introduction 31 Inventory of Housing 31 Vacant Housing 32 Mobile Homes 33 Demand for Housing 34 Projected Housing Needs 35 5 Economic Base 39 Introduction 39 Method 39 Employment Status 42 Occupation Groups 45 Industry Groups 50 Commutation Patterns 54 Income Distribution 57 Conclusion 60 TABLE OF CONTENTS continued CHAPTER PAGE 6 Finances 62 Introduction 62 Town Expenditures 62 Highways 66 General Government 66 Capital Outlays F7 Revenues 67 Tax Base and Tax Rates 70 Debt Limit 70 Special District Finances 72 Fire Protection District 75 Water District #1 75 Water District #2 75 Water District #3 75 Sewer District #1 75 Conclusion 76 7 Community Facilities 77 Introduction 77 Public Buildings 77 Fire Protection 79 Police Coverage 82 Airport 83 Schools 36 BOCES 92 Health Services 93 Libraries 94 Solid Waste 94 Sewers 95 Water 95 8 The Highway System l0U Introduction 100 Existing Highway System 100 Highway Expenditures 102 9 Open Space And Recreation 106 Introduction 106 Recreational Needs 107 10 Existing Land Use 112 Overview 112 Residential 116 Commercial 117 Industrial 117 Utilities and Railroads 118 TABLE OF CONTENTS continued CHAPTER PAGE Public, Semi -Public and Institutional 118 Recreational and Entertainment 118 Streets and Highways 119 Farmland 119 Vacant 119 Water 119 Forest 120 Rural Residential and Estates 120 Conclusion 120 11 Planning Goals '124 Introduction 124 General Goals 124 Residential Development Goals 124 Commerical Development Goals 125 Industrial Development Goals 125 Transportation Goals 125 Community Facilities and Services Goals 126 Maintenance of Development 126 12 Cort1andville Development Plan 127 Introduction 127 Land Use 129 Open Space and Recreation 150 The Highway System 159 Community Facilities 168 Town of Cortlandville Environmental Assessment 177 13 Tools For Implementation Of The Development Plan 184 Introduction 184 Zoning 184 Subdivision Regulations 187 Capital Improvements Program 188 Official Map 192 Agricultural Districts 194 Bibliography 196 LIST OF TABLES TABLE NUMBER PAGE 1 Estimated Degree of Soil Limitations For Various Agricultural and Non -Agricultural Uses in Cortlandville, New York '12 2 Cortlandville Soils 14 3 Population Trends for the Town of Cortlandville (1850-1970) 19 4 Population Comparisons - Selected Areas (1960 & 1970) 20 5 Population Projections - Town of Cortlandville (1960_2000) 21 6 Town of Cortlandville Age & Sex Characteristics 23 7 Racial Characteristics 24 8 Households by Selected Types - Town of Cortland- ville, 1970 26 9 Persons Under 18 - Town of Cortlandville, 1970 26 10 Persons Over 65 - Town of Cortlandville, 1970 27 11 Households With Persons Under 13 and/or Over 65 - Town of Cortlandville, 1970 27 12 Marital Status of Persons Over 14 years of Age - Town of Cortlandville, 1970 28 13 Protection of the Number of Households by Income Class - Town of Cortlandville, 1970-1990 29 14 Housing Units - Town of Cortlandville, 1970 32 15 Housing Structure Types - Town of Cortlandville, 1970 34 16 Substandard Housing by Selected Categories - Town of Cortlandville, 1970 36 17 Distribution of Units Needed in Cortland County, by Town (1980-1995) 37 18 Area & Population - Cortland County & Selected Municipalities (1950-1970) 40 19 Employment Status - Cortlandville & Selected Muncipalities, 1960 & 1970 43 20 Labor Force Quotients - Cortlandville, Cortland City, Homer Town Composed With Cortland County (1960-1970) 44 21 Occupation Groups - Cortlandville & Selected Municipalities, 1960 & '1970 47 22 Occupation Group Quotients - Cortlandville & Selected Municipalities Compared With Cortland County, 1960 & 1970 49 23 Industry Groups - Cortlandville & Selected Municipalities, 1960 & 1970 51 24 Industry Group Quotients - Cortlandville & Other Areas Compared With Cortland County, 1960 & 1970 52 25 Travel to Work - Coy*'tlandville & Selected Municipalities, 1960 & 1970 55 LIST OF TABLES continued TABLE NUMBER 26 Mode of Transportation to Work 27 Families by Family Income 28 Town of Cortlandville Expenditures, 1970-1975 29 Town of Cortlandville - Expenditures for the Years 1959-1964 30 Town of Cortlandville Revenues, 1970-1975 31 Town of Cortlandville Assessed Valuations & Tax Rates, 1970-1975 32 Town of Cortlandville Debt Limit 33 Town of Cortlandville Indebtedness 34 Town of Cortlandville Special District Expenditures (1970-1975) 35 Town of Cortlandville Special District Revenues (1970-1975) 36 Fire Equipment Serving the Town of Cortlandville 37 Major School Districts 38 Recommended Standards for Construction of Schools 39 School -Age Projections - Town of Cortlandville, 1970-2000 40 Tax Rate Per School District - Town of Cortland- ville, 1974-1975 41 Cortland Memorial Hospital: Number of Beds by Medical Service (1975-1980) 42 Inventory of Highways & Roads - Town of Cortland- ville 43 Open Space & Recreational Needs - Town of Cortlandville 44 Population Projections - Town of Cortlandville 45 Inventory of Land Use, 1966 & 1975 46 Potential Residential Development & Population Range by Residential Category, 1976 47 Recommended Standards for Neighborhood Play- grounds 48 Town of Cortlandville - Recommended Design Standards for Road & Highway Widths 56 58 64 65 68 71 72 72 73 74 81 88 89 T 137 157 166 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE NUMBER PAGE 1 Population Change - Cortlandville 19 2 Town of Cortlandville; Population, Age, Groups, and Sex 22 3 Occupational Groups - Town of Cortlandville (1960-1970) 48 4 Industrial Groups - Town of Cortlandville (1960-1970) 53 5 Families by Family Income - Town of Cortlandville (1960-1970) 59 6 Town of Cortlandville - Total Expenditures (1970-1975) 63 7 Town of Cortlandville Total Revenues (1970-1975) 69 8 Total Revenues and Expenditures - Town of Cortlandville 76 9 Land Use Inventory, 1966 - Town of Cortlandville 114 10 Land Use Inventory, 1976 - Town of Cortlandville 115 11 Potential Population Projections 139 12 Recommended Distribution of Land Use Town of Cortlandville by 1966 147 13 Typical Cross -Sections Town of Cortlandville 167 14 Open Space Subdivision and Conventional Subdivision Compared 189 LIST OF MAPS MAP NUMBER I PAGE 1 Location Map -Town of Cortlandville 6 2 Physical Features 7 3 Soils 10 4 Aquifers 15 5 Community Facilities 78 6 Cortlandville Fire Coverage 80 7 Airport Master Plan for Chase Field - Cortland County, New York (1975-1995) 85 8 School Districts 87 9 Sewer Districts 96 10 Water Districts 98 11 Land Use 112 12 Town of Cortlandville Development Plan (1976-1996) 129 13 Basis For Official Map - Town of Cortlandville 189 14 Agricultural Districts 195 Cortlandville• Town Hall CDRTLA�TD CQUNTY PLANNING ��P,�,�'i�I1�N'� Court House Cortland ,New York �.30�a Telephone 607 �53���7q Planning Board l5 Terrace Road .Cortland, New York 13045 Gentlemen: Planning UircCtor • T'heacigre.,E. Za11ek,AI)? .September 1 ,,1976 RE:; Contract CPA-NY-0�-00-1100 We are most pleased to submit this report, Development Plan far the Town of Cortlandville which sets forth specific land use policies to guide your growth over the next twenty years. In January, 1976 the Town adopted a Resolution to participate in this study. Regardless of the outcome of this report, that decision was a cor- rect one. With the current financial crisis that is facing our elected officials at�,all levels of government, planning is increasing its impor- tance in providing technical information to improve the decision-making process. Over the past many years, the Town has experienced substantial growth and, in fact, is one of the fastest growing municipalities in the County. With this growth come people who are placing more demands upon the Town government to provide additional services which in turn, demand, carefully though out decisions with regard to spending the fast shrinking tax dollar. Local government can no longer afford the luxury of experi-, menti.ng wiah public money. Over the brief period of seven months and l4 meetings, the Planning Group --consisting of the members of the Town Planning Board, the 12 citi- zens appointed by the Town Board, elected and appointed Town Officials -- fast became aware of the basic information that has shaped the'spatia1 , configuration or pattern that we have in the Town today: Some of these ' forces, such as topography and soils, are better known than housing and economics which are less understood. With the reevaluation of the�Goals and Objectives defined in the 1966 Plan and the basic information, the Planning Group turned its attention to its primary task and spent many hours in defining and redefining a Development Plan that attempted to satisfy most of the goals and objectives. r r. Letter of Transmittal Page 2 After a duly public notice to get the publics comments, a public hearing was held on June 30, 1976 on the Preliminary Development Plan. After several changes, some major ones, the Planning Group accepted on July 19, 1976 a Development Plan for Cortlandville which could be re- commended to the Town Board for official adoption. While additional meetings would be scheduled to discuss further changes of the Plan based upon concerns express by realtors, developers and landowners, it was determined that the report be published with the "Development Plan" and "Basis for the Official Map" with the understanding that further changes could be made if ,the Planning Board felt it in the best planning interest of the Town. As part of the Plan many planning concepts are proposed. Some of these concepts may be new to the Town and may require further ex- amination and evaluation as to their applicability in implementing the Plan. Modifications of these concepts may be necessary but if changes are necessary they should reflect the desires of 'the people. In pre- paring the Plan, the Planning Group provided for a maximum flexibility in site selection of residential and industrial uses. Such a policy, while it may be desirable, can we believe, create false hopes of suc- cess and open the Plan to criticism of overplanning. Whenever changes are made in the Plan, it is hopeful that the Town, through its Planning Board, will consider such changes within the context of the entire Plan, as opposed to establishing land use policies on a piecemeal basis. Needless to say the Plan is nota perfect document but rather it is an attempt within the human limitations to compile and articulate the needs, desires and wishes, if you will, of the persons living in 1976 to portray their thoughts on the Development Plan for future gen- erations to 1996. The planning process, started last January, is a never ending one and therefore it is vitally important to the Town that the Planning Board continually search out for changes and improvements in the Plan which will better reflect the Town planning goals and ob- jectives. While it is true the Development Plan, once adopted, should be the basis for evaluating public and private decisions on land use, changes may be required but such changes should be subject to the plan- ning process. In the end the Development Plan is only a tool and a guide and its effectiveness and success will depend on how the Town uses it in making decisions. The ,report and Plan, we believe, represent an honest and fair effort of its elected and planning officials and its citizens to chart a course for the development of the Town over the next twenty years for present and future citizens. Only time will judge the decisions that we make today but government has the responsibilities to continually strive to improve our living environment. TEZ:dn Sincerely, PREFACE In May 1966, the Cortlandville Planning Board adopted its first Comprehensive Land Use Plan to guide future planning and development vrithin the Town. The Plan had been in effect for approximately nine years when, in the Fall of 1975, the Town Board, upon the recommenda- tion of its Planning Board decided to reexamine the 1966 Plan in re- ference to the many changes that had taken place in both the Town and the County. Over the past ten years the Town of Cortlandville has experienced a substantial increase in population and, in fact, has become orae of the fastest growth towns in the County. It became apparent to the Supervisor and the Planning Board that the Town Zoning Ordinance needed to be redrafted to incorporate both changes that coincided with the population growth and the many new land use controls an�1 techniques that had become available throughout the County. In order to coordi- nate the zoning with -the new trends, the Town Board, in 1975, decided that it was in the best interest of the Town of reexamine the 1966 Master Plan, reevaluate its goals and objectives and update the background studies,. and prepare a revised Development Plan. The revised Development Plan would then become the "blueprint" for the preparation of a new Zoning Ordinance, Official Map, and Capital Improvement Program. Because the Town recognized the need far greater public participation and input into the planning process in the preparation of the revised Develop- ment Plan, the Town Board, on January 19, 1976, created a Citizen's Advisory Committee (CAC) of twelve members to include businessmen, elected and public officials and other concerned residents. The CAC was established primarily to assist the Cortlandville Planning Board in preparing the revised Develop- ment Plan. Fourteen meetings were held to discuss the various work elements as background studies for preparation of the Plan. These studies included historical background, physical characteristics, economic base, population, housing, highway systems, open space and recreation, finances, and community faClllt125. 11i :,�. On April 15, 1976, the County Legislature approved Resolution No. 132 to enter into a joint agreement with the Town of Cortlandville, which authorized the County Planning Department to act as a consultant and offer its professional assistance to the Town Planning Board and CAC in the preparation of the Plan. During the month of June, a Summary Report was prepared explaining the highlights of the preliminary Development Plan. The summary along with technical reports and maps, was made available to the general public for review and comment at the Town Hall on June 18, 1976, at which time a public notice was placed in the local newspaper for a public hearing on the preliminary Plan. On June 30, a public hearing was held on the preliminary Development Plan, at which time the general public was able to review and comment on the Plan. Following the .public hearing, another work meeting was held ' with the Planning Board and Citizen's Advisory Committee on July 19, 1976 to review the comments expressed at the public hearing and revise the Plan where warranted: After making the necessary changes, the Planning Board and Citizen's Advisory Committee accepted the Development Plan which is presented in the following report. The study was made possible through a joint funding program, from Cortlandville, the U.S.. Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the State of New York. A copy of the Development Plan is available for public review at the Cortlandville .Town Hall. iv CHAPTER 1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND When Cortland County was formed from Onondaga County by an act of the State Legislature in 1808, it embraced the original survey townships of Cincinnatus, Homer, Solon and Virgil along with the lower sections of Fabius and Tully. Located within the township of Homer were the small villages of Cortland and Port Watson and the town of Cortlandville. In 1810 Cortland was designated as the County seat. This necessitated that it be separated from the township of Homer. As Cortland and Port Watson began to thrive as commercial and governmental centers, settlers strategically located their families and businesses near these areas. The ensuing growth in population and industry made it advantageous for the southern portion of Homer to become a separate town. In 1829, with State Legislative approval, the Town of Cortlandville was formed. This original boundary remained until 1845 when a small section of the township of Virgil, which bordered Cortlandville on the south, was added. When the first settlers arrived in what is now Cortlandville, in 1792, there was no Indian villages.left in the County. There was, however, much evidence that Indian tribes had lived in Cortland County, particularly in Cortlandville. Several Indian trails have been found in the Town and one of the largest Indian camps in the County was located at the fork of the Tioughnioga River. In addition, Central New York was the home of the Iroquois tribe and Hiawatha, the legendary Onondaga Chief immortalized by Longfellow, was known to have hunted with his people in the Cortlandville area. After the coming of the settlers, Cortlandville grew slowly, primarily, because the land, though very fertile, was mostly a vast timberland. Small industries, such as grist mills and saw mills, sprang up sporadically in the first decade of the,nineteenth century. By 1810, however, the era of canal building began, and this provided a spur to industry and to commercial activity. The Tioughnioga River, running north-south.,through Cortlandville, could be used as a commercial highway to the south, but it was not navigable to the north toward Syracuse. When the Erie Canal opened in 1825, however, goods were transported by animal teams to Syracuse, and from there they were shipped on the canal. With the economic pathway now cleared, trade Increased considerably, bringing with it an inevitable increase in populati®n. The plank roads built in the early 1800's and the canals became insufficient modes of co�- veyance by 1825. The merchants in Cortlandville needed a more adequate system for transporting their g®©ds. ' Their problem was alleviated by a grant from the State Legislature in 1826 for the construction of a railroad running from the City of Syracuse to the.City of Binghamton. Th©ugh it was not until 1854 that the raiiroad was completed, its construction enabled goods to final1y,.be moved swiftly to markets everywhere. This was particularly important in Cortlandville. The Village oi� Cortland, with its 1,500 inhabi'Cants, had been incgrpo�ated in 1853, and the Town of Cortlandville, which completely surrounded t�e Village, had been growing in population and industry. The railroad helped the commercial activity in Cortlandville to increase considerably. The Civil War caused almost all activities to slow down somewhat in the 1$60!s. The Town population actually declined between 1850 and 186$. With the passing of the agricultural age into the machine age, however, Cortlandville found itself again growing steadily, The Town ,combined its many agricultural resources with its newly formed manufacturing resources to form a well-rounded econ©my by the decade of th,e '187,0!s. Census data indicates that the population of Cortlandville climbed from 4,817 in 1860 to 7,114 in 1880 - a substantial increase (4�8%) considering that the County populatio n declined in the same period. The Village of McGrawville was incorporated in 1869. Within this village was the New York Central College, established in 1848. This unusual institu- tion was built by a society of people who sympat,hize,d with the a�t1®slavery movement. The College was open to both sexes and to everyone regardless of; race, religion, or ,color, Due to declining enrollment and other unfortunate circumstances, this progressive institution closed its doors in 1860, but on its foundation continued the Union School and the present McGraw High School. Cortlandville a1 so had an educational institution, located in the 'Village of Cortland, which was .originally opened as the Cortland .Village Female Academy in 1829. This school eventually merged with a school for boys to become Cort- landville Academy. ,When the State Normal School was opened in 1$67 in Cortland, it absorbed the academy to produce the educational foundation for the present State University. 2 t J The turn of the century found the Town of Cortlandville in an unique geographical setting. The Village of Cortland had been established as a city in 1900 and it was completely surrounded by Cortlandville. This created an urban area surrounded by a predominantly agi^icultural or rural area, This setting was conducive to the continued growth d of Cortlandville because, as the City expanded, its growth spilled over into Cortlandville. As a result, industrial, commercial and residential growth spread into the rural, parts of the Town. - In the 1950's the Town took several major steps to plan for and direct its growth. A Town Planning and Zoning Commission was formed in 1951 to help guide industrial and commercial development and preserve agricultural areas. The Commission split up into a Zoning Board and Planning Board in the mid -1950's, and the first Town Zoning Ordinance was prepared In 1951. Other signs of urbanization were the formation of a water district in 1957 and a sewer district in 1959. The water district generally consisted of water mains installed along New York State Route 13, from the City of Cortland i to New York State Route 281, and also on Starr Road and McLean Road, from New York State Route 90 to a point 2,000 feet west of Route 281. The sewer district was formed primarily to serve the Smith Corona Operations facilities in southwestern Cortlandville. Some of the major industries that existed in the 1950's were Smith Corona Operations, which had been established in 1926 and which was by far the largest in terms of production and number of employees, Newton and Cort- land Dine Companies, Trinity Equipment Corporation (now Pall -Trinity Micro Corporatign), McGraw Box Company, Inc. Edlund Machinery Company (now Monarch i Machine Tool Company), and Overhead Door. The location of these industries in Cortlandville helped to make it an industrial center in the County, Probably the greatest impetus to growth in Cortlandville occurred in the late 1960's with the completion of Interstate Route 81, which enters the Town at the Village of Homer boundary and extends through the Town following the eastern side of the Tioughnioga River valley. This important link in the interstate system provides high-speed expressway service as far north as the St. Lawrence River and.as far south as Pennsylvania and beyond. It inter- sects Interstate Route 80 (N.Y.S. Thruway) in the City of Syracuse, 30 miles to the north, to provide a connection with the State's most important east - west highway. 3 In passing through Cortlandville, Interstate 81 provides not only an effective link between Syracuse and Binghamton for incoming and outgoing goods, but it also invites new enterprises to settle in the Cortlandville area because of�the Town's ideal location near a major thoroughfare. This, coupled 'i with'the excellent local highway system which includes U.S. Route 11 and State Routes l3, 281, 90, 222, and 41, makes the Town a natural for commercial and ''� industrial development. In addition to its industrial attraction, Cortlandville is blessed with some of the richest��agricultural land in the State.��Its topography is charac- terized by rolling hills, with deep, narrow and very fertile valleys in between. Dairying, general farming and specialty crop farming are practiced in the valley land in the central and western parts of the Town. In the hilly section of the Town, the major agricultural activity is dairy farming. The Town of Cortlandville today, with its population of 7,469 (1970 Census) and. its 4'9.5 square miles (excluding the City), is the largest of the fifteen towns, three villages and one city in Cortland County. It also continues to be one of the fastest, growing areas in the County. �'� The Town possesses the best of both worlds = scenic open spaces, with viable agricultural land, and urban areas rich in industrial development. With such a rich historic past, The Town government through strong support � I'�, for effective planning programs and the assistance of its planning board will continue not only to preserve the past but plan fora better and ', brighter future. L� �;�rRODucr�o� The purpose of examining such physical characteristics as floodm plains, slopes, soils, etc, within the Town is to determine where and how„these features might influence developmental' patterns. After locating and mapping the various physical features, interpretation of their impact must be made in order to properly guide future development. As an example, it would be very poor planning to propose intensive develop® ment for a site which has poorly drained soils and no public'sewer and water. Conversely, it would be desirable to locate a growth area on relatively flat land which has good access to transportation and municipal water and sewage.service. w MORVTEW ountain Range in an area known as the Alleghany Plateau. This name is omewhat misleading,however,mbecause time has allowed the plateau 1 be eroded. The result is . fairly ruggedtopography )f the Town', which is more like a hill and valley terrain, as opposed to .•teau . Cortl andvi.ocati on pl ate.ateau can be seen on Map A reView of Map4 Physical Features, indicates that about one� third of the Town's 33,000 acres are classified as having steep slopes. Thus, approximately 11,000 acres are not well suited for development because the slope is 15 percent or more, This type of topography,, which is moreprevalent of e Town, limiting factor for,:developmentibecause it necessitates higher I more.serious erosion problems, greater possibility system failure, etc. Consequently, construction should be discouraged .'in most of,these areas. r� • . +` �:` • • i, `" �� t U r t L 13 MADISON � 13 ®®®®®v��®�®m_� e t f e 0 l �-� J �® T I®GA ■ j e •• e • e i _®®®*®_ W Th® pnpentlon of thle report was t(nenciolly gilded through a Federal Brent from the Deportmont of Fbueing end Urban Development under the ComprehonelvePlennirp Assistance Program euthorized by S�tlon 701 of the Federal Housing Act of 1864, at emended. This report wee prepared under the Com prehenziva Planning Services. It was financed In pert by the State of New York. 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'1 1 II" � I -III "II . _ ( .I � �� / ,r j I '11111 ulllll}_�; i�_P 4IP �` j ° (I r yri��Ilz , 4 , li i ,"�, , iF (� lr ' '°rr ;. I�I(II�°Iq �� °�, •� Id��� Ilfll� .III ! t. Ih ����;z' 4 ��.,< IItCr __ .- Ii(7AU ��I illlllllllllllllll l .. !„ .C'C r.a ,�� ,ill�r � il�'llllfl( rf r - 1�5 r S t� I � � ^� .�t���� „ I,. 1 <<;...,, .�3 III .,,,nglL"*a�'f'a ,Iilllllllll (IIII I �FIII;;,1;1411iililil{li r ,�I, - - - II,, I 1°III pll1J` i Sr�2?1;}`r;,lllll I�IItIillllllll.., rnw".• Another interesting feature illustrated on the Physical Features Map is the depth to bedrock. Some 9,000 acres in the Town are influenced by bedrock and stone volume within 4 to 5 feet of the surface. The impact of this condition is very similar to that of land which has steep slopes. Construction costs are elevated, erosion occurs because.of the very shaillow top soil layer and septic systems frequently fail or the effluent flows through cracks in the bedrock into the groundwater as raw wasteb WATER Other natural physical features depicted on the Map which must be evaluated because of their impact on development relate to the surface water, either ponds or streams, within the Town and the floodplains which are frequently associated with the water. There are very few surface water bodies within the Cortlandville boundaries. A series of ponds having ecological significance is located in the southwestern section of the Town. One of the ponds, known as the "Chicago Bog" or"Donut Bog", was designated as a rare and valuable ecosystem in the Cortland County Planning Board's Open Space: Inventory4nal.ysis published in 1974. The bog is used by State University of New York at Cortland and Cornell University as an educa- tional field study site. The Marl Chain Ponds, the proper name for these water bodies, are mud bottomed and have water levels which vary with each season and the level of the ground water. The total area of the ponds and surrounding wet land along the Lehigh Valley Railroad Right®of"Way exceeds three hundred acres. Because of the unique flora and fauna associated with the ponds,.the area has been designated as environmentally sensitive and any intensive development should be discouraged. The County Environmental Management Council will, as part of the 1976®1977 work program, begin a study to determine the feasibility of maintaining this area as an open space park and nature study center. Other notable surface waters are streams associated with the Tioughnioga River and its tributaries. The Tioughnioga River, the major waterway in Cortland County, starts in Cortlandville. The East and West Branches of the river join near the eastern boundary of the City of Cortland. Flowing in a southerly direction the river exits through the Town's southern border. This system, along with three other tributaries, including Otter Creek from the southwe$t, Blue Creek from the northwest, and Trout Brook from the east, drains most of Cortlandville and the low land associated with these streams accounts for most areas which have been designated as flood- plains.l The river eventually joins the Susquehanna in Binghamton before flowing into Pennsylvania. The New York State Department of Environmenta'I Conservation has devised a stream classification code to aid in protecting water resources. It is included here to explain the quality of water within the Town. The Tiough- nioga, from the juncture of its two main branches to the Town boundary, is a Class B stream, while all its tributaries are classified as C, C, (T) or Classifications established by the Department of Environmental Conser- vation are as follows: Best Usage of Waters AA - Source of water supply for drinking, culinary or food pro- cessing purposes and any other usage. A - Source of water supply for drinking, culinary or food pro- cessing purposes and any other usages< B - Bathing and any. other usages except as source of water supply for drinking, culinary or food processing purposes. C.- Fishing and any other usages except for bathing or as a source of water for drinking, culinary or food processing purposes. (T) - Anywhere this occurs means that "trout fishing" is a best use also. D - Agricultural or source of industrial cooling or process water supply and any other usage except for fishing, bath- ing or as source of water supply for drinking, culinary or food processing purposes. In additian to listing the natural features, manmade uses associated with the growth centers are also significant. As indicated on the Physical Features Map, 2,700 acres in Cortlandville, 2,600 acres in the City of Cortland, 600 acres in the Village of McGraw and 100 acres in the Village of Hamer, or roughly 6,000 total acres, have been classified as being developed land. 1Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Insurance Administration, Flood Hazard Boundary Map H - 01-05, Town of Homer, New York, August 12, 1976. The three incorporated municipalities and the corridors along the major highways, New York State Routes 13, 41 and 281 and U.S. Route 11, are the primary concentration of growth in Cortlandville. The major planning concern related to this developmental pattern is the perpetua- tion of future linear or corridor type growth. Because this pattern has many undesirable features, such as the high costs of providing sewer and water services, large land consumption in the valley areas, and ine consistency with the stated goals and objectives of the Cortland County Planning Board (to encourage nodal development), efforts must be made to curtail this type of development. SUBSURFACE FEATURES The geology of Cortlandville is explained in considerable detail in the 1966 Comprehensive Plan. Therefore, it will be summarized in order to devote greater attention to new information on soils and aquifers which was not previously available. Piuch of the bedrock which underlies Cortland County was formed millions of years ago and has gone through several cycles of uplift and erosion. Ad- ditionally, the County has been subjected to glaciation which was responsible for much of the topography that presently exists. The upland areas usually have bedrock near the surface, with a thin layer of topsoil providing what little cover exists. Conversely, the valleys, with their steep side -slopes, have large glacial deposits in their floors. The results of this past geological activity are important to the Town because of the soil types produced. These soils, which are depicted on Map 3 Soils, have many characteristics which either enhance their. use by man or inhibit their usefullness. Consequently, it is important to evaluate the data obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service publication, Soil Survey of Cortland County, New York, completed in 1961 and determine which soils are suited for specific land uses. The Town has eight of the ten major soil groups found in Cortland County. These soils are listed along with their characteristics in Table 1 The Palmyra and Howard soils, which form almost thirty percent of the soil in the Town and City (Table 2 ,Cortlandville Soils), have very few limitations for either agricultural or non-agricultural uses. Consequently, much of the area is intensively utlized. In and around the City the develop- ment is non-agricultural, while the valley areas which radiate from the City are occupied by a mixture of uses - residential and non-residential strips, agricultural and quarrying. 10 Mdx° ..,;!',--1: k,' t i `��-SM.- _,_rte -,w _...._. �\. ..\ mN'��+r (g 1 ♦ t� �) o ca ca fir= ,4 ^ P t ./ _ �� nq add (INN (OP 1Aa`wN re?�-e',) E)d..,Ca U Cd U U �' r. '.C•F t%' •� ' s! 4OPP 164 c5 - e•) : e., lac V III�1 ; ,P_! I_ 2 col 0 add. goo LI 63 E3i.9 Ea (3 4) u (' 46, ki rJ !:) i) E) C,'±7Q 7. U� �•.'I.N�' .�' �i? 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V m n r n E3 u a 4691d 400n or raE I X.1 r>u.a-F 1,m:7L� (y )for1 , .��, - — -,a - �v.._a.4 f.5 'air-ra-� .r\. .yv .. _�•-,.�.." _ .: ° ® ® + + ■ ® ��®�e G r .. °s ^ -_ u u aro l . ) ii Vf ?i: :tv V,11+: Clliv J- =� '• --- - ®0 111 ® + tan UPI m 0`0 wo ) - itoffsoo�eov war as -.-r _o rJa 13F Nov (PIL�Cid N4 1 ®14 POP ® / \'1" i� w2:�'_�� :iw: :> _ Vii.;=---��',t Poo �'' O ".,.� C V J I 1` f ;CY) mammal : :C:``✓//-. o :qe: ;:'2Y6 :4'h mJ rd 'C7 �.. J L- (Z;�1 X44 PoorU°^49 ^°^ tle� as w . ,' 1 J Se 1. �r °" :a4'vt. C 41 Q VV$ 40 VIP vu I 'd wwww" ( 0 ad f{t o :u "I:::4` a' load �h :1 �I 7�\ :glt!(1214�_ hl%t" �ay.: l...t e _ :I .5.._�„16 J04 -_.,.. .,r_r_,,. _ ,.� �' . _ .<<.�. << � o.r:�:�4 '�. •� ",�P��. 1 O is N O rq� pgm to r r- 1 o.3 LE m Estimated Degree of Soil Limitations for Various Agricultural & Mon -Agricultural Uses in Cortland County, New York Agricultural Non -Agricultural- Sbil Associations - Slope Uses Uses Flooding '. Association Description Dominant Crop May 8 Septic Homesites Streets S Sanitary Lawns S Athletic Paths & Campsites Picnic b Flooding S Percentage e Slope Pasture Systems Parkinq Lots Landfill carkways Fields Trails Play area Hazards EYL Erie-Yo%iia-Lang- Gently sloping, 3-15 S-1 M -1,s S-1,8 S-104 S-174 S-1,8 %!1%3,9 100: Nene ford 5: of County somewhat poorly -70; 100: 85: 100% 100; S-1,4,8,9 M-1 drained sols with fragipars n Howard Nearly.level to 0-8 51-98'. S? -95: 51-80% 5140: 51-80: ST -80: 141-207,9- S-217,9 Sle M -S-1,2, Sl,, -M-2 15: i'. of County sloping, well - drained, gravelly 7.9 soils on outwash terraces: lcw - lime LH Lobdelt-Howard Somewhat poorly ^-3 51-35'. S1-40; S1-35' 51-35: S1-35: S1-35; S -a0° S1 M-1.7.9 S1 700 1.5-. of County CraineC Sa:'s on S-7 - S-7 S-7 S-7 y-5-7,4 steep,q^a•rali-4 soils law •e• , tme Lordstown-9otusia- Shallow or moder_ v -S M -S 1-6 M -S 1-2- S-1,2:3 S, 1-4 S 100'•. M-1 Mardin etety deep spy's ,3,4, 100 M-1 ,2, T5: 5'c 3-a 8 85: 100: 1,2.3,4,8 3.4, 5-1,2,3,4, 4 5-3.2.4, M -S 53: 'lone d0' of County over bedrpck ar•! ;_5 90"< 5-51 8.9 10J" SOmewhdt Doer'y - drained soils, - with fragirdns' on gently slap- - ing to slopir.l _ areas- - •K Middlebury- Somewhat wet soils 0-3 S1 -35t 95; S1-352 Sl -3s: S1-35: S%3lt M-7 9, M -S a.: S1 M-2,7,9 S1 65: Chgnango on bottom lands M Sl S-2,7 S-2,7 S-2,7 S-2 7 1 n,7,9, 1-5: of County and steep, acid, 6,7 - ' gravelly soils, Palmyra 231 of County Nearly level to 0-8 51-803 S1-90: 51-80: 51-80: SI -803 51-80: S -S: S-112,7,9 S1 M -S-1220 5145: 15: sloping, well 4Z_10. S-5'.• S-2.7 S-297 54,7 S-2,7 M-217,9. 95: M4 7,9 M -Taj drained soils on "_S-2. M -S=2,7 S-5: 5-159: - Outwash terraces; 7 medium to high in lime. S: Scio- Uallington P., of County Somewhat wet, sil- 0_8 S1 40: S1-4Sw M -S MWS -55% MVS -55" TI,S-55: 51-433 MIS -550" 51-45: MSS -S5:• Sl 45: r ty* strongly acid 5-55: »-1,2 S-55: 1,2,7 1,2,7, 1 2 7 S-15 t 132,7 S-15: 1,2,7 soils underlain 1-2 1,2,7 8 '+,S-1 2 H,S-1,2 by grave or s''[y deposits- - - Valois -Howard- Welt drained main- 0!_15 SI -25' 5140: 51-25: M•S-35: M -5-90'z M -S 60t_ M S-1003 S1 A S -35Z 51-35.: None Lan,*ord 2. of Ty steep sa '.s sort •+-S- M -S 35'. 1,4 1 44 1-» 8 i,4.8, 1 4,3, 1.4 3.9 !!-1,4' ;:aunty over ;ravel or 9 9 - wiser worked 5.4,i� and some h wit°ra4 ipans, an,.' gent'y sloping, mod<rvtely - well,drained soils with fragipans VLL Valois Langford- Well, drained and 0-15 S1 75: S1 -100Z S1 605 51-25% sl.laz S1 -10T m448,9 S-100: Sl M -S-25: Sl -Z5% Hone Lansing moderately well r? -t-5 S-25% M-1,4 5453 S 25: 479 4,3 9 M-4 1. of County drained,gently slop- M,S-4,8 MIS -4 M,S-418 my to steep soils, some with fra4,4pans- YML Yoiusia-Hardin Gently sloping to 3-25 51-10: 51.-20: 51 -SZ 51-5: 51-5: 51-5: M -S M -S sl -m M -S-1.2.4, 51.153 105 Lordstown somewhat poorly S MS MIS S40' S-900 5405 540 S-5: S40Z 11-192,4 7 899 545: 27: of County dr,tned and mod M,S 1S 1,2,3, 5-1,2,3, 5-112.3, S 1,2,H, 1,2,3,4, 1,223,4, S-803 M -S-112; (8 suit mixture) erately well t,2,<, 407 3 417 4,7 4 74819 709 4 drained soils with 5 - f'ragipans, and Soil limitations l.imittnq Soil Characteristics - - shallow or wderatly Sl-sli3ht Seasonal wetness 4-$iope 7 -Flooding - deep soils over bed- M_moderate Z-Pro'orged wetness 5 -Li m% ted rooting depth 8 -Slow permeability rock S -severe 34edrock 6 -lack of available moisture 9 -Stone fragments OURCE: Based on Soil Survey, Cortland County, New York, United States continued next page Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, May, 1961. TABLE 1 CONTINUED This table is a detailed summary of soil characteristics. It is separated into five major categories: 1) Soii Associations - this category describes the soil; 2) Slope - this category indicates the percent of slope for most of the soil within a given group; 3) Agricultural Uses - this category indicates how wel] various soi]s can be used for agricultural activities such as crop land or pasture land; 4) Non -Agricultural Use - this category indicates how well various soils can be used for non-agricultural activities such as septic systems, homes, althletic fields, campsites, etc,; and 5) Flooding - this category indicates the probability of flooding fora given soil. For agricultural and no.n-agricultural use the table also indicates various degrees of limitations, and the characteristics of the soil such as slope, beds rock, wetness, etc., causing the iimitation�. An example of how to read the table is the following material which character- izes the Howard Soil: H -Howard D€SCRIPTION: Nearly level to sloping, well drained, gravelly soils ' on outwash terraces, low in lime. SLOPE - 0-8 percent LIMITS FOR AGRICULTURAL USE: Crops - Slight limitation 95 percent of the time. Hay & Pasture - Slight limitation 98 percent of the time. LIMITS FOR NON-AGRICULTURAL .USE: Septic Systems - Slight limitation for construction 80 percent of the time. Homesites - Slight limitation for construction 80 percent of the time. Streets & Parking Lots - Slight limitation for construction 80 percent of the time. Sanitary Landfill - Slight limitation 80 ;percent of the time. Lawns �$ Parkways - Moderate limitation 100 ,percent of the time because of prolonged wetness, flooding and stone fragments. Athletic Fie]ds - Severe limitation 100 percent of the time because of prolonged wetness, flooding and stone fragments. Paths & Malls - Slight limitation 9.00 ,percent of the time. Campsites - Moderate to severe limitation 100 percent of the time .because ,of seasonal wetness, prolonged wetness, flooding, and stone fragments. Picnic & Play Area - Slight to�moderate limitation 900 percent�of the time because of,prol,onged wetness. FLOODING - Probability of flooding 15�percent of the time. 13 TABLE 2 CORTLANDVILLE - SOILS SYMBOL SOIL ASSOCT�ATTON ESTIMATED PERCENT OF ESTIMATED 4 ACREAGE ACREAGE i VHL Valois -Howard -Langford 5,000 15 P Palmyra 7,000 21 �� (2,000 in City) EVL Erie-Volusia-Langford 5,625 17 VLL Valois=Langford-Lansing 1,150 4 H Howard 2,600 � 8 ' LH Lobdell-Howard 300 1 LVM Lordstown-Volusia-Mardin 6,850 20 VML Volusia-Mardin-Lordstown 5,350 15 33,875 100 SOURCE: Cortland County Planning Department, July 19, 1976. The remaining soil types have various limitations as depicted in Table 7 Significantly the Erie-Volu$ia-Langford, Lordstown-Volusia-Mardin and Volusia- Mardin-Lordstown groups, which comprise 50 percent of the Town's soil, have severe limitation for most uses. The remaining soils having varying restric- tions but are frequently suitable for pasture land and not conducive to npn- agricultural use because in many cases there is either a high water table or shallow depth to bedrock. In summarizing the soil material it can be stated that the best soils for both agricultural and non-agricultural uses are those that occupy the valley • areas. Thus, there is'a basic conflict between the desire to protect viable farm land and the desire to develop non-agricultural uses on the soils which are best suited for that type of use. ' Another important factor to consider when planning for land use is the location, volume and quality of the area's water resources (Map 4 •). In Cortlandville, 98 percent of the water used for all purposes is obtained from i aquifers. This means that the water supply comes from wells which pump water from a water bearing stratum beneath the earth's surface. In Cortlandville this stratum is usually a highly porous layer of sand and gravel. By comparing j the maps of aquifer, soils and land use,or�e can observe that the majority of hous- ing developments are built on the m®st productive soils and over the aquifers. �. � �' 1 14 � ,�� �� ,pR 4 j} RS `siE� 'PQ PEAR\5rr i,y'• WWI EEn fpRES`Rl RD. ...actE"h� aCsGG6� f �Gpl utiZEM lx � G 9RNE c� v'Q 12q �c{y Ut C;oa`4 5oratorY Ll Toni 11triVun AM C H\LLStpE Vi Satre o tl lclo'e ess o� aA'ilf <lo < 5®,�e�tigated dot AVE' SZ • h �aoAO N This may endanger groundwater in the aquifers in one of the following ways: 1. Groundwater withdrawal rate may exceed the recharge rate as develop- ment causes a larger water useage. 2. Increased sewerage discharged into streams and rivers may infiltrate the aquifer. 3. Seepage of chemicals and wastewaters may percolate through the soil. As evidenced by the growth trends of the last decade, these sensitive areas are those most often exploited, It may be possible to avoid some�of These dangers to our water resources by placing restrictions on these areas to help make them compatible with the aquifers. Some examples of these re- �strictions or controls are open space designations for some areas, careful ;,control of chemical runoff, the installation of storm sewers and the installa- tion of centralized water and sewer systems. Many of the questions and problems associated with the aquifers may be resolved as a result of the areawide waste treatment management program, Sec- tion 208 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, which was begun earlier this year. This federal legislation, which provides 100 percent funding, recognizes the increase in the .volume and types of water pollution and esta- blishes guidelines for testing the capacity of local streams to absorb wastes, identifying present and potential water quality control problems, and involving the public in developing and carrying out workable solutions to these problems. Conclusion The Town has a mixture of physical characteristics ranging from the gently rolling lands in much of the southwest to the more rugged hill and valley topo- graphy i.n the�reasteFeatures such as flood plains, steep slopes, bedrock outcrops, and water are major factors to be considered when proposing a Development Plan. Growth should be discouraged in areas which are susceptible to�flooding and also in those areas of the Town where steep slopes or bedrock outcrops are �� prevalent, The flood plains are associated with the low lying areas, along the Tioughnioga River and its tributaries, while most of the areas i.nf1uenced by steep slopes and bedrock are in the southern and eastern portions of the Town. All of these areas are depicted on the Physical Features Map and should, if possible, be left in a natural open space condition. ' I[:� Other major concerns of the planning process are associated with the subsurface Features of a community: In Cortlandville the two items of great- est importance are the soils and aquifers. The soils are important because they strongly influence the location of both agricultural arrd non®agricultural activities. Unfortunately, both of these activities prefer to utilize the same soils, i.e., Howard, Lobdell®Howard, Middlebury-Chenango, Palmyra, and Ualois- Ldngford-Lansing. Furthermore, these same soils which are found primarily in the valleys of the Town are the ones most frequently found as the topsoil in aquifer recharge areas. Because of Cortlandville's heavy reliance on groundwater as the only source of potable water, it is extremely important to protect � this valuable resource. � The best soils for both agricultural and non-agricultural use,as well as the aquifers occupy the same basic areas. Consequently, the Town must care- fully consider its proposal for future land use. Because water is an irre- placeable resource, the Town must consider preservation of its aquifer recharge areas as one of its most important objectives. Beyond this the preservation of prime agricultural soils must also be considered highly important. Since non- agricultural development is the, least important use for the above mentioned areas, the Town should, when possible, encourage development in those areas which have poorer soils not suited for agriculture or in areas not associated with the recharge of aquifers. 0 17 1' � N 11 '. This chapter focuses on the population characteristics of the Town of Cortlandville. The purpose of studying population is to establish some insights into the Town's type of growth by examining general trends, demo- graphic characteristics and probable future directions. Planning for the orderly development of any community is related to an analysis and projection of population growth and the types of people living in the community. People are the prime reason for planning. It is the demand people place upon services, the development people cause and the damage to the environment that necessitates t'he,planning process. Any changes in population can affect other considerations, such as physical, economic, housing, public facilities, etc. Therefore, the application of population data to the decisions to expand public or private facilities can provide for the needs of future generations in an orderly and timely manner. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION As illustrated on the Land Use Map (Map lj), the spatial pattern of Cortlandville's population is distributed in an area forming a half circle immediately surrounding the City of Cortland, primarily to the west and southwest of the City. This area can roughly be delineated by a north - south line near Highland Road and an east -west line near Starr Road. Because of the terrain, the northeast and eastern portions of the Town, excluding the Village of McGraw, have little or no population. POPULATION TRENDS Cortlandville population has grown and declined throughout its history (Figure 1 ). A major decline occurred in the 1860-1870 decade, as shown in Table 3 due to the change of the Village of Cortland to a city, which removed that territory from. the Town's jurisdiction. During the next sixty year period, from 1870 to 1930, the population had another major decline of 27.1 percent. In the 1930's the Town began a period of substantial popula- tion growth that continues to this day. In 1950, growth rate was only a modest 10 percent, but in 1960 and 1970, the rates were a healthy 55 percent and 40 percent, respectively. 18 �...,. ... . ...�,. .,, .'..1. ..,, ,�, �, � f, � .I ., 1. ''.1 �i4 '�1 ��. 1. '. «..,, .Y ., .,i irirbi.. �,... .. �.. m......... ��. r � „ 1 � ii 1 .f � 1. ,� �� � �,� ..w ,. .... ., �v. 1. z•o� 0'55 ti°6 8°6£ 5°til- E° L® Z°Z g°- £°ZL- L'- Z°6ti® £°5l 30NdH0 1N30d3d 6l 9L61 �'Lnr 6 �uat��..��da0 6u �uue Ld �'�.uno0 pug L�uoO : A8 03dHd3dd OL6l 6snsua0 ,�o n�aane sa�.e�.S pa�.�un 5L6L `l�nu�w an��.eLs<Oa3 a�p�S �ao� MaN �S30bnOS 6EL L LESI 6£Z 8ZL 0 LE- 8Z- Lfi OL- 66Z- 8L - 59£ Z - L£9 3JNt1H0 NOI111indOd 0 OL09 L££�b b6LZ 5592 L Z8 L LE LZ 59 LZ 8LLZ 8ZLZ LZtiZ StitiZ 0 L8ti £L lti NOIllilndOd OL6 L®058 L 3�l 1110N'd`i1d00 30.,NM01 3H1 dOd SON3dl NOIltllndOd £ 31841 R._r � 1 • i i, ,l ..• � � i • t! •� i� i� • • '� lsi [ �, � 1: •P �' � r � � L 3�nol.� ��J OL6l 0961 096 L Oti6l 0£6L OZ6 L Ol6l 0061 068 L 088 l OL8l 0981 058 l 2143 A 1 �_-� •1 � •-� 1950-1960 1950 1960 1960-1970 1970 % N.Y.S.1 14,830 16,782 13.2 � 18,241 8.7 Cortland County 37,158 41,113 10.6 45,894 11.6 City of Cortland 18,152 19,181 5.7 19,621 2.3 CORTLANDV�LLE (T) 2,794 4,331 55.0 6,0,70 40.2 Homer (T) 3 5,055 5,751 13.8 6,480 12.7 Marathon (T) 1,577 1,696 7.5 1,777 4.8 Virgil (T) 1,257 1,520 13.0 1,692 19.2 Solon (T) 522 849 5.2 687 25.1 Freetown (T) 534 542 1.5 522 -3.7 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1970. lIn millions. 2Includes part of Village of Homer. 3lncludes Village of Marathon. ' PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976 The 1950-1960'decade showed a growth rate of 55 percent which is the highest rate in the Town's history. The 1960-1970 growth rate of 40.2 percent was the highest for any municipality in Cortland County, as shown in Table 4 . Cortlandville will continue to grow, but at a modest 16-20 percent rate per decade for the next thirty years, provided of course, that all factors remain constant. This amounts to an aggregate growth rate of about 60 percent by the year 2000, as shown in Table 5 . This growth , is based upon a continued naturall increase of new families living in Cortlandville and the upward mobility of families seeking homes in resi- dential areas in the Cortland -Homer area, the "hub" of the County's in- dustrial and governmental activates. 1Natural is used to depict growth dependent upon births and deaths. Net migration into the Towt1 has not been statistically documented, however, it is assumed that this factor will play an important part in growth rates in 1980 and 1990. Table 5 shows two sets of population projections for the Town to show the projected population of the Town including the villages.and. ' the Town population excluding the villages. This is important since the Town provides some services to all residents and other services to only those outside of villages. The figures indicate that the Town outside the villages will be growing at a faster rate than the Town as a whole. 1 i�,M �. , ��, _,. 1 1 1'_ , 1960 - 2000 Projection 1(1) Projection 2(2) 1960 4331 5660 1970 6070 40.2% 7469 32% 1980 7339 20.9% 8852 18.5% 1990 8804 20.0% 10,407 17.6% 2000 10,439 18.6% 12,139 16.6% (1) Projections by the Cortland County Planning Department exclude` the Village of McGraw and that portion of the Village of Homer in Cortland�ille. (2) Projections by New York State Economic Development Board.. include the Village of McGraw and part of the Village of Homer. '1' ►" i' tri Age and Sex Age and sex characteristics are important in determining the need for Jobs and facilities such as housing, schools, parks, nursing homes, 'etc., that affect particular age groups. The sex distribution of the Town in 1970 was almost a perfect 50-50 split (Table 6 )and represents only a slight shift from the 1960 distribution of 50.3 percent males and 49.7 percent females. 21 F TUURE 2 asst: I 109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL POPULATION SOURCE: U<S. Bureau of Census, 1970. PREPARED DY: Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976. TABLE 6 TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE AGE AND SEX CHARACTERISTICS 1960, 1970 Male Female Total. Male Female Total Grou Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Per( Under 5 367 6.5 315 5.6 682 12.1 352 5.8 287 4.7 639 10. 5-14 607 10.7 554 9.8 1161 2095 606 10.0 652 10.7 1258 20. 15-24 328 5.8 356 6.3 684 12.1 485 8.0 501 8.3 986 16. 25-34 311 5.5 368 6.5 679 12.0 411 6.8 416 6.9 827 13. 35-44 369 6.5 385 6.8 754 13.3 338 5.5 351 5.8 689 11. 45-54 34Q 6.0 329 5.8 669 11.8 381 6.3 376 6.2 757 12. 55-64 265 4.7 212 3.7 477 8.4 260 4.3 243 4.0 503 8. Over 65 261 4.6 293 5.2 554 9.8 203 3.3 208 3.4 411 6. Total 2848 50.3 2812 49.7 5660 100.0 3036 50.0 3034 50.0 6070 100. N `o Median Agel 30.7 32.5 31.1 29.6 29.8 29.7 Dependency Ratiol A - 73.5 A - 61.4 B - 91.3 B - 82.6 1Cortland Gounty'Planning Department SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1970 ff •rno�aq s� �uaoaad 05 pup a6p aye. anogp s� uo��.pLndod aye. �.o �.uaouad pg aaayrn �.u�od �.pU�..�o sa6p uo��p�ndod auk. �.o �.u�odp�tu aq�. s� a6p up�paWZ (%Lb°) 0£ 31IHf4-NON d3H10 OL6L `snsuap �o npa,�n8: 'S°fl �302f(lOS (%LO') b X101118 SOI1S I�310t1b11H0 1tiT Odb L 318ti1 (%9ti°66) 9£09 31IHM °(L algpl) a�lgM-uou aap �.uaa.�ad T up�{�. ssaf aaa�{M`aloyrn p sp �C�.unop pupL�aoO �.o saan6�� l��apa aye. u�.�M �.ua�s�suoo aap sa,�n6��. asaul °uo��.p�ndod aye. �.o �.uaa,�ad � upy�. ssal 6ulnpq s,a�.�uM-uou y�,�rn`pax�u�un /C��pl�p.A �C<<,�pw�ad s�� af<<npup��.aop �.o uMol a�{l sa ��.s ��ta�.opapu0 1p l app •dnoa6 a6p 6u��aoM tig-g� auk. o� tig ,rano pup g � ,�apun suosaad asou�. �.o o��.p,� aye. s � L'ao6a�.po „8„ aul •dno,�6 a6p Gu��aoM b9 -9L auk off. tig nano pup 5 � ,�apun suosaad asou�. �.o o��.p,� auk s � L'ao6a�.pa „d„ a�ql ° uo��.pindod uMo s�.� �..aoddns off. �'�.�ligp s,�'�.��pd�a�uniu p �.o uo��.pa�pui fpaaua6 p sap�n -o.�d o��.pu soul •uo��.p�ndod 001 aad s�.uapuadap �.o uaqu�nu aU�. sp passaadxa s� �'llpnsn pup dnoa6 6u��aoM aiu�ad auk. uodn uo��.pindod aq�. �.o aouapuadap aye. �o uo��.pa�pul an��.p�aa p sapinoad oL�.p,A iCouapuadap aql •sa�uo6a�po 8 pup t1 aye. u�.oq u� paspaaaap �spu uMol aye. �.o ol.�.p,A �'ouapuadap aql Z°OL6l ul L'6Z o� 0961 u� l• <£ u�ou�. a6p up�paw auk. u� aspaaoap �.t�6� is p pasnpo anpq sa6upuo asayl •�f ��.y6 � is pa6upuo sdnoa6 a6p aat{�.o l 1p a l LI�M `s�.a�aauq a6p ti£ -9Z Puy 172-9 L auk u� 6ulaq sa�pu�a,� pug salp�u �{�.oq ul saseaaaul �.sa6,�p� auk. u�lM `0961 aau�s sa6upua �u6��s spa Z aan6�,� u� urnoys u,�a�.�.pd uol�.ngGa�.slp a6p a�{1 Household Characteristics Household characteristics are valuable in planning to provide a basis for predicting housing needs, housing types and special services which may be needed in the municipality. Census figures from 1970 indicate that there are 13P835 households in Cortlandville and these are distegbuted among the various groups as shown in Table 8 The total household figure for 1960 was,1,659. The husband wife household, the largest group, comprisesA percent of all households, and 61 percent of the husband -wife households have children under 18 years of age (Table 9 ). All but two of the persons under 18 live in some sort of family relation- ship,while four are each a responsible person in a family, being either the head of the household or wife of the head of the household (Table 9 ). Within the over 65 age group, 230 or 56 percent are either the head of household or wife of the head. An additional 90 or 24.1 percent live alone, while 68 (16.5%) live in some family, either relative or non®relative. Only 14 (3.4%) live, in institutions (Table 10 ). In terms of marital status, the married group is the largest group in the Town, while the never married is the second largest group (Table 12 ). Projection of Income Characteristics of Households In 1970 the largest income group was in the medium range(�,000 to x,999), with the medium-high ( 0,000 to $1 4,999) group being slightly smaller. The pro jections show that there will be an upward shift of income groups toward the high (fV 5,000 and over) range so that by 1990 the high range will comprise almost 67 percent of the households in the Town (Table 13 ). This rising income trend, coupled with the decreasing dependency rate (Table 6 ), tends to indicate an increasing ability for the population to afford housing on generous size lots. 25 TABLE 8 HOUSEHOLDS BY SELECTED TYPES TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE, 1970 Male Head ,Male Head Female Wead Male Female Husban &Wife Other Household Primary Primary Household Household Individual Individual Wife of Head 1469 34 Other Relative of Head 2630 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1970. PREPARED BY: Child of ild Husband -Wife Family 1972 Other Relative Husband -Wife Family 70 s: Non -Relative of Head 112 Inmate of Institution Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976. Persons in Other Group Quarters TABLE 9 PERSONS UNDER 18 TOWN OF.CORTLANDVILLE, 1970 Child of Other Family With Male Head MWA Other Relative Other Family With Male Head SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1970 Chof Other Family With Female Head 119 Other Relative Other Family With Female Head M PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976, 26 Head or Wife of Head Non®Relative of Head 30 - L, 1 A�8 NonwRe1 ati.ve of Head m TABLE 10 PERSONS OVER 65 TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE, 1970 Wife of Nead Inmate of Institutions �L? Other Family Member 52 Male Primary Individual 30 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1970 PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department July, 1976. TABLE 11 HOUSEHOLDS WTTH PERSONS UNDER 18 AND/OR OVER 65 TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE9 1970 Husband®Wife Family Without Persons Under 18 & Over 65 568 Wusband®Wife Family With Persons Under 18 & Over 65 20 HusbandmWife Family With Persons Under 18 & No Persons Over 65 .Husband ®Wife Family Wath.AO.& Persons Under 18 and With Persons. -Over 65 0 12 Other Pial e Head Family Without Persons Under 18 & Over 65 11 Other Male Head Family With Persons Under 18 & Over 65 2 Other Male Head Family With Persons Under 18 & No Persons Over 65 Other h1a1 e Head Family With No Persons Under 18 & With Persons Over 65 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1970 PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976. 27 Female Primary Individual Female Head Family Without Persons° Under 18 & Over 65 Female Head Family bJith Persons Under 18 & Over 65 1 Female Head Family With .Persons Under 18 & No Persons Over 65 MI Female Head Family With No Persons Under 18 & With Persons Over 65 TALE 12 MARXTAL STATUS OF PERSONS OVER 14 YEARS OF ACBE 'OWN OF CORTLANDV�LLE, 1�i0 ' Maies Females Married 1503 1499 Widowed 58 173 Divorced 38 56 Separated 41 4i Never Married 500 3�7 SOURCE; U,S. Bureau of Census„ 7970. PREPARED BY: Cortland County PTannind Departments July , 1976. 28 t ° �. TABLE 13 PROJECTION OF THE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY INCOME CfrASS (1970 Constant Dollar$) TOWN OF CORTLANDVILL�, 197p�1990 Projection Al INCOME RANGE 1970, 1975 19$0 1�$5 1990 Low - 0-4J999 499 45.8 375 �6p 356 Medium-5,000�?9,999 782 6q�5 309 23p 246 Medium High - 10,000-14,999 691, 607 534 510 402 High -15,000 & Over 349 X22 1,350 1,685 2,026 TOTAL 2,321 2,432 2,568 2,794 3,030 Projection 62 INCOME RANGE 1970 1975 :1980 19$5 1990 Low - 0-4,999 395 360 293 245 284 Medium -5,000-9,999 618 507 � 242 184 197 Medium High - 10,000-14,999 546 477 418 407 321 High -15,000 & Over 27� 568 1,056 1,346 1,619 TOTAL 1,$35 1,913 2,009 2,232 2,42j Percentages2 INCOME RANGE Low - 0-4,999 Medium -5,000-9,999 Medium High - 10,000-14,999 High -15,000 & Over TOTAL 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 21.5 18.8 14.6 13.3 11.7 33.7 26.5 12.0 8.2 8.1 29.8 25.0 20,8 1$.3 1p.3 15.0 29.7 � 52.6 6P.2 66.8 100.Q 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board "Projection o°F the Number of Households By Money Income Class" includes the Village of McGraw and part of Village of Homer. 2Cortland County Planning Department.Derived from Projection A by subtracting the Village of McGraw and part of Village of Homer'in 1970 and assjgning 70 percent of the growth in 1975 and 1980 and 80 percent of the growth in 1985 and 1990 to the Town of Oortlandville. SOURCE: U.S. Bu1^eau of Census, 1970 PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976. 29 i,. 1 ° �. TABLE 13 PROJECTION OF THE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY INCOME CfrASS (1970 Constant Dollar$) TOWN OF CORTLANDVILL�, 197p�1990 Projection Al INCOME RANGE 1970, 1975 19$0 1�$5 1990 Low - 0-4J999 499 45.8 375 �6p 356 Medium-5,000�?9,999 782 6q�5 309 23p 246 Medium High - 10,000-14,999 691, 607 534 510 402 High -15,000 & Over 349 X22 1,350 1,685 2,026 TOTAL 2,321 2,432 2,568 2,794 3,030 Projection 62 INCOME RANGE 1970 1975 :1980 19$5 1990 Low - 0-4,999 395 360 293 245 284 Medium -5,000-9,999 618 507 � 242 184 197 Medium High - 10,000-14,999 546 477 418 407 321 High -15,000 & Over 27� 568 1,056 1,346 1,619 TOTAL 1,$35 1,913 2,009 2,232 2,42j Percentages2 INCOME RANGE Low - 0-4,999 Medium -5,000-9,999 Medium High - 10,000-14,999 High -15,000 & Over TOTAL 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 21.5 18.8 14.6 13.3 11.7 33.7 26.5 12.0 8.2 8.1 29.8 25.0 20,8 1$.3 1p.3 15.0 29.7 � 52.6 6P.2 66.8 100.Q 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board "Projection o°F the Number of Households By Money Income Class" includes the Village of McGraw and part of Village of Homer. 2Cortland County Planning Department.Derived from Projection A by subtracting the Village of McGraw and part of Village of Homer'in 1970 and assjgning 70 percent of the growth in 1975 and 1980 and 80 percent of the growth in 1985 and 1990 to the Town of Oortlandville. SOURCE: U.S. Bu1^eau of Census, 1970 PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976. 29 CQNCLUSION The population of Cortlandville is located primarily around the City of Cortland and is comprised mostly pf family groups. Thp p4pul�tion wjll grow substantially, to the year 2000. This may cause some housing sh4rt- ages and present the need for ungine�ring the lgcation of the new popula� tion into areas that can be economicajly serviced by public utilities. 30 GENERAL HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS This chapter is divided into three stud areas related to housing data in the Town of Cortlandville. The first is to determine the amount, kind and location of the housing stock within the Town. The second purpose is to inventory the general characteristics of Cortlandville housing'units. Attention,will be paid to overcrowding experienced in'the supply, and those units that display degrees of substandardness. The th.jrd is to identify the varying housing needs of Cortlandville and 'the projected needs for the future. This information is preliminary to the determination of needs and is the basis for planning future housing.l INVENTORY OF HOUSING ' In 1970 there were 1,891 housing units in the Town of Cortlandville, as shown on Table 14. These units include year-round housing, seasonal and vacant units, and mobile homes. Cortlandville represented 13 percent of the population of Cortland County in 19,70 and had 1 perGent of the 14,759 units located throughout the County. lThp most recent population projections show that, in 1975, Co,rtla,ndville population accounted ,for 17.2 percent of the County population, an increase sinceF1970.2 'This increase in population'is also reflected in an increase gf units in Cortlandville, Review of assess- ment records and building permit records indicate that between 1971 and 1975, 430 residential structures were added to the housing stock. In 1975 Cortlan& v M e contained 17.3 percent of the County's housing stock.IL Historically, residential use of Cortlandville land has been miner. The concentration of the units islin'the western portions of the'Town radiating from the City of Cortland. The increased need for housing Will continue to be felt in the Town of Cortlandville as the City's suburban advancement continues, A more detailed look at housing results from a disaggreation of dwelling units into their component part$. Housing can be classed as year-round, seasonal and vacant, lUnless otherwise footnoted,a11 data iS derived from U.S. Census of Housing, 1970. 2New York State Office of Planning Services, Run 5, 1975. 31 TOTAL Owner Occupied Renter Occupied Vacant for Rent Vacant for Sale TABLE 14 HOUSING ,UNITS TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE, 1970 of County 12.8 15.6 8.7.. 4.7 8.8 ,Cortlandville 1;$91 1,433 401 11 D 100 75.8 21.2 0:6 0.3 Cortland County 14;759 9.184 4,589 2 34 68 Other Vacant 10.0 33 1.7 329 Seasonal 2.Q 7 0.4 355 SOURCE: U.S., Bureau of Census:, 197.0. % 100 62.2 31.1 1.6 0.5 2,2 2.4 PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976. Of the 1,891 dwelling units in Cortlandville, less than 1 percent are seasonal units. This follows the traditignal'pattern of absence of seasonal units in areas of population concentration which do not have waterfront re- creation areas or developed ski or resort areas. Of the 1,834 year-round occupied dwelling units, 1,433 units (76%) are owner -occupied. Another 401 units (21%) are renter -occupied. The County has 9,184 year-round occupied units accounting for 62 percent of its units and 4,589 (31%) renter-opcup'ied units. The contrast in figures can be accounted fpr by noting that a spb- stantially higher percentage of rental units are ,found in the incorporated villages and the City. Since the Town of Cortlandville does not include any of the other incorporated municipalities, ons would anticipate the higher owner/renter ratio that is representative of Cortlandville. Thsre are 3,5 owner -occupied units in Cortlandville fpr each renter -occupied unit. VACANT HOUSING An important measure of the strength of local housing markets is the extent to which the supply is not being used. ,This measure is expressed as a vacancy rate, with a high rate implying a condition of oversupply and a 32 low rate reflecting a condition of undersupply. In establishing a normal vacancy rate for an area it should be recognized that "normal" may vary from area to area. Areas of slow growth require proportionately less available vacancies than communities with a higher growth rate or high growth potential. As a general rule, a 3 percent vacancy rate is consi- dered sufficient to provide adequate housing choices for most area residents. Cortlandville is experiencing constant growth. The population project - tions prepared by the State of New York suggest that this pattern will continue. Between now and 1995, Cortlandville is predicted to experience 40 percent of the growth that will occur throughout the County,3 Based on this information we see that the 1 percent rate of available vacant units reflects a very low rate. It suggests an insufficient choice of adequate housing. MpBILE HOMES In terms of single-family dwelling units, mobile homes represent a growing Form of housing. In New York State, mobile homes represented 28 percent of all single-family homes sold in 1968, up from 11 percent in 1960. Equally interest- ing is the fact that in 1968 in the United States, mobile homes represented 90 percent of all new single-family housing sold under $15,000, up sharply from 59 percent in 1964.4 Unfortunately, comparable 'figures are unavailable for Cortland Caunty of the Town of Cortlandville, but according to 1970 .Census data Cortlandville had 202 mobile home units, 28 percent of the mobile homes in the County,as shown in Table 15. Between 1970 and 1974 there have been an additional 80 mobile homes sited in the Town. This increase of 80 homes is 27 percent of the total increase for the County during that time, and the largest single increase in any municipality. As of 1974, Cortlandville had a total of 282 mobile homes,5 3New York State Office of Planning Services, Run 5, 1975. 4PJew York State Off ice' of Planning Services, Facts on Mobile Homes, SHousinq Market Analysis, Interim Report. Prepared by Planning/Environmental Research Consultants for the Cortland County Planning Board, June 30, 1975. 33 TABLE 15 HOUSING STRUCTURE TYPES TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE, 1970 One Unit Structure Two or More Unit Structure Mobile Homes Cortland County 9,463 4,568 728 Cortlandville 1,435 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1970. PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976. 254 202 There appears to be some relationship between the low vacancy rate in the Town of Cortlandville, the continued growth of the area, and the increase Df mobile homes. The zoning of Cortlandville currently does not seem to dis" courage placement of these units and they provide a reasonably priced answer to�the desire for home -ownership, which appears to be a strong characteristic among residents throughout the County. For these reasons one will probably see the continued increase of mobile home placement in the Town of Cortland, ville, as well as throughout the County. DEMAND FOR HOUSING In Cortlandville the housing situation is complicated by a growing popula- tion which has managed to keep slightly ahead of the building volume needed to support the level of growth. The resultant competition for available housing has tended to force property values up with a highly inflationary effect on value. Adding to this pressure, growth in the State Univeristy of New York (SUNY) student population has already forced rental rates up in the Town and the City of Cortland. I ' In addition, the SUNY at Cortland population accounts for some of the demand that created the %;; modern apartment complexes in Cortlandville to the'southwest of the campus. 34 While the shortage of housing, as indicated by the low vacancy rate, is an item of critical importance today, it is of particular concern to those typically referred to as low and lower middle income groups. These groups experience difficulty in finding adequate housing. One reason is that finan- cing, other than conventional mortgages, may be time consuming and difficult to obtain. It is not unusual to find that certain programs result in delays for financing arrangements to be completed. In addition, individuals who qualified for mortgages and financing in the past may not qualify now, due to changes in financial status or inflated prices which make the task im- possible. As a result, the need for housing still exists, but it is diffi- cult for the population to create the necessary demand on the market to stimulate the construction of new units. PROJECTED HOUSING NEEDS In order to determine the demand for housing, three criteria have been used. They are the number of existing substandard units needing replacement, the number of existing units expected to become substandard in the years ahead that will need to be replaced, and the number of new units required for the anticipated increase in population in the years ahead. Substandard housing is defined as "comprehensive substandardness" and this definition relates to both housing units and households. It includes structural conditions of the house, overcrowded conditions, conditions that indicate a shortage of low and moderate income units, inadequate vacancy rates, and units which lack plumbing facilities, direct access, and /or basements. In addition, the definition in- cludes units which are vacant for six months or more, or units valued under $5,000 or which rent for $60 a month or less. Although the last three indi- cators do not specifically measure structural concitions, they would indicate that units within these classifications would most likely have one or more structural conditions not available in census data (i.e. inadequate twiring, 6 broken windows, leaking roofs, etc.). 6Planned Management Information Series: A Regional P -MIS for Allocation of Low and Moderate Housing, Part I, Market Ana lysis, Dicks Associates, 1975. Derived from the 1970 Census, one notes in Tablel6ithat in Cortlandville there were 200 units that were classified as structurally substandard. Over- crowding was recorded in 75 units and long term vacant and low value units amounted to 86. These three categories accounted for the substandard units in 1970, which totalled 361. TABLE 16 SUBSTANDARD HOUSING BY SELECTED CATEGORIES TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE, 1970 Cortlandville Cortland County Structural Without All Plumbing Facilities 82 773 Units With Shared Flush Toliet 2 126 Units Without Flush Toliet 20 245 Without Basement 96 958 Overcrowding 1.01 - 1.50 Persons/Rm. 65 548 1.51 or More Persons/Rm. 10 95 Vacancy Vacant 6 Months or More 14 225 Value Value Under $5,000 30 192 Rent Under-$60/month 42 872 Total 361 4,034 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Census, 1970. PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976. 36 lenaulinaMe ,,an aWiTionai Te must be constructed to meet the projected • ../Cortlandville980itfigure+ • 'rom the total of 4,756 units needed in the Countyby 9• and distributed )y town on the basis of each town's anticipated population increase (Tablel 7). ccordingly, the Town will need 924 new housing units by the ^ar ••5. • 1980®1995 1980 1985 1990 1995 Total County Total 1,014 1,231 1,276 1,235 4,756 City of Cortland 417 476 485 460 1,838 Cincinnatus 22 29 29 28 108 CORTLANDVILLE 184 235 255 250 924 Cuyl er 18 23 21' 20 82 Freetown 8 11 10 9 38 Harford 14 19 19 18 70 Hamer 158 175 180 175 688 Lapeer 8 12 12 11 43 Marathon 35 45 46 43 169 Preble 46 63 71 75 255 Scott 17 24 26 27 94 Solon 12 18 19 19 68 Taylor 8 11 10 9 38 Truxton 18 23 24 22 87 Virgil 37 49 51 52 189 Willet 12 18 18 17 65 Source: Housing Market Anal,ysis,Interim Report. Prepared by Planning/Environmental Research Consultants for the Cortland County Planning Board, June 30, 1975,.` There is a strong indication that with the expected growth patterns ind the Town of Cortlandville and a currently depressed market, the housing situa- tion in Cortlandville will deteriorate. Existing substandard housing needs replacement now, but as time passes more housing will become substandard and need eventual replacement. This coupled with increases in population, will 7. Housing Market Analysis, Interim Report. Prepared by Planning/Enviroa- mental Research Consultants for the Cortland County Planning Board, June 30, 1975 8. IWO 0 37 produce a great demand for housing in the years ahead. The Town should consider all resources at its disposal, such as building codes. zoning ordinances and land use controls, and work with other public and private agencies and utilize federal programs to help resolved the housing situaT tion. A well planned action,program, utilizing all available resources$ is necessary, along with intermunicipal cooperation,.to adequately solve the housing problem. 0 Chapter 5 ECONOMIC BASO '11 1' The Town of Cortlandville, which lies within the County of Cortland, surrounds the City of Cortland. The Village of McGraw in the eastern section and a small portion of the Village of Homer to the north are also in the Towri. The economy of Cortlandville is directly related to the economies of other municipalities which must be considered in the economic study of the Town. For the purposes of this ar�alysis,growth in output is most import- ant. "Economic growth means growth in the amount of goods and services produced - in total, or per capita®"l° This chapter is primarily concerned with examining this growth. From the various economic data researched, it is apparent that the Towns of Cortlandville and Hamer, the City of'Cor�tland, and the Villages of Homer and McGraw dominate the economy of Cortland. In 1970, this urban area contained 39,032 (85%) of the County's population of 45,894, but only about 21 percent of the area in square miles. Cortlandville's portion of this population was 7,469 people. A complete breakdown of population figures can be seen in Table 18. The area of concentration for this study will be 'the Town of Cortland- ville, including the appropriate portion of the Village of Homer and the Village of McGraw. However, in order to properly evaluate the economy of Cortlandville it will be necessary to examine the economy of those munici- palities within the Cortland -Homer Urban Area and the County as a whole for both 1960 and 1970. METHOD Before referring to the specific sectors of the economy; the method of analytical comparison used in this study must first be defined. For some of the economies, indicators listed in this chapter's statistical comparisons are made among the County and various municipalities within the County through ' the use of quotients. Quotients will be used for Labor Force Occupation 1. George Leland.Bach, Economies: An Introduction to Analysis acrd Policy (5th ed.; Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prehtice Hall, Ince, I9Eiti�i p. 229. 39 Cortland County Urban Area Non -Urban Area Cortland City Cortlandville Town Homer Village %= Total In Cortlandville (t). In Homer (t) McGraw (v) Homer (t) Cortlandville minus Homer (v) Cortlandville minus Homer (V')'& McGraw (v) TABLE 18 AREA AND POPULATION CORTLAND COUNTY AND SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES 1950 1970 Area Population Percentage ofCounty Percentage of Change Sq. Mile 1950 1960 1970 1950 1960 1970 1950-1960 1960-1970 502 372,158 41,113 45,894 10.6 11.6 107.1 319698 355490 395032 85.3 86.3 85.0 12.0 10.0 39449 55460 55623 6,862 14.7 13.7 15.0 3.0 22.0 3.9 189152 199181 195621 48.9 46.6 42.7 5.7 2.30 49.6 45050 55660 7,469 i0.9 13.8 16S3 39.5 32.00 l.4 3,244 3,622 49143 8.7 8.8 9.0 11.7 74.38 .2 67 53 30 .2 .l .2 -20.9 50.90 1.2 3,177 355694,063 . 8.6 8.7 8.6 72.3 13.80 7.0 19197 1,276 15319 3.2 3.l 2.9 6.6 3.40 51.2 5,055 5,751 65480 13.6 14.0 14.1 13.8 12.70 49.4 3,991 5,607 7,389 10.7 13.6 16.1 40.5 31.80 48.4 2,794 49331 63070 7.5 10.5 13.2 55.0 40.20 SOURCE: U. S. Bureau of the Census, U. S. Census of Population, 1970, Part 34, stew YorX, -aUie '*ashir:gton: U. S. Government Printing Off;ce, .9 3 Group and Industry Group economic indicators. The basic form of these quotients is Q = Xm/Xc +Pin/Pc where: Q =quotient Xm = economic indicator being studied in municipality X� = economic indicator being studied in county P� = population of municipality Po = population of county These quotients find the ratio of the percentage of a county's econimic judica- tor, such as total males in the labor force�or a subcategory of an economic indicator, such as employed males in the labor force, in a municipality to the percentage of the county's population in that municipality. Thus, if the quotient is 1.00, the ratio between the indicator in the municipality and the indicator in the county is the same as the ratio between the population of the municipality and the population of the county. In this case, the municipality has its proper share of a given indicator and an ideal situation exists. If the quotient is greater than l,�the ratio far the indicator is larger than that for the population. Thus, the municipality has a greater proportion of the particular component than the county as a whole. If the quotient is less ,than 1, the opposite is true, the municipality has a proportionately smaller amount of the component than does the county. Thus, the muncipality has less .than its share of the county's total amount of a given portion of the economy. These quotients will provide a valuable method ,of analyzing.the economic base of,Cortlandv�ille: An example of how this analytical, technique operates is the�fol1owing. Utilizing 1970 Employment status figures from Table 19 (Labor Force - Male, Cortland County = 11,014; Cortlandvill,e - 1,983): and 1970 popu'1'a'tionfigures' from Tab'1e 18 ('Cortland Cour�,ty � ,45,,894; Cort�landville - `7�,'469),� and 'the 'quotier►t is derived: ' _ Xm.(Economic I,ndicator;o.f Munic�i�ality) , r Xe ,;(Economic Indi,oator of :County)' „ ,,.� ,,, 1,983 j 7,469 �, ,,,,,;Q -,71,d�4 45;$94, , , , , , t ,�; �: Q = .1800 .1627 ;. „ Q-1'.11,. a1 An' examination of Table 20 indicates that the Cortlandville 1970 labor force quotient (line 2) is 1.11. Thus, Cortlandville has more than its share of males in the labor force. EMPLOYMENT I One of the most important indicators of an area's economic status is participation in the labor force. The labor force consists of all civilian and military personnel 16 years and over, who are presently working, have a job but are not working, or do not work but are seeking employment. This has changed since 1960 when 14 years and older was the age basis for these statistics. The employment status of Cortlandville is compared with the City of Cortland, the Town of Homer and the entire County in Table 19, Employment StatusavCortlandville and Selected Areas,,1960 and 1970. For both males and females the percentage of the population M the labor force is higher in Cortlandville than the County, the City of Cortland or the Town of Homer. The labor force of Cortland is made up of 80.6 percent of the males and 44.8 percent of the females. These fi.gu;res reflect the difference in age composition of the population between Cortlandville and the other muhici- palities. The male unemployment figure, 2.0 percent, is considerably lower in the Town than in the.other municipalities listed in Table 19 and is less than half of the County's figure, which is 4.2 percent. The female unemployment, 4.2 percent, is similar to other areas but lower than the County as a whole. These figures are further.illustrated by the use of labor force quotients. These quotients are listed, in Table 20 for Cortlandville, the Town of Homer and the City of Cortland. The quotient for the male labor force in the Town is 1.11, which means that Cortlandville has proportionally more of its male population in the labor force than does the City (.92) or the Town of Homer (1.00). The figures for the employed labor force are similar to this, but when we get to the quotient for the unemployed males and 'those not in the labor force, .52 and ,78 respectively, the figures are proportionally much smaller than the County figures. The female quotients'for labor force and employment are just a little under 1.0, so they appear to be in proportion with the rest of the County, but when it comes to unemployment and those not in the labor force, Cortland - v Me is much better off than the County. When the Cortlandville quotients TABLE 19 EMPLOYMENT STATUS CORTLANDVILLE AND SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES, 1960 and 1970 Cortland County Cortland City Cortlandville Town -Homer Town* Number Number % of County Number % of Countv 1970 % 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 1970 County Total Male, 16 and Over. 133,693 143787 65323 63499 46.2 44.0 1,935 25459 14.1 16.6 25044 13.8 Labor Force 109757 113014 4,780 43335 44,4 39.4 1,572 15983 14.6' 18.0 1,562 14. % of Total 7806 74.5 75.6 67PO 8.2 80.6 76.4 Civilian Labor Force 10,749 119009 45776 4,335 44.4 39.4 15572 15983 14.6 18.0 13562 14. Employed 103,072 105551 4,462. 4,116 44.3 39.0 15516 15944 15.0 18.4 1,497 14. Unemployed 577 458 314m• 219 46.4 47.8 56 39 8.3 8.5 65 14. %of Civ. Labor Force 6:3 4,2 6.6 5.1 3.6 2.0 4.2 Not in Labor Force 22936 310773 19543 2,114 52.6 56.0 363 476 12.4 12.6 482 12. Total Female, 16 and Over 15,741 179279 85223 8,532 52.2 49.4 25037 2,523 12.9 14.6 2,275 13. Labor Force 6,185 73383 39550 35649 57.4 49.4 895 15130 14.5 15,3 973 13. % of Total 33.3 42.7 40.7 42.8 43.9 42.8 Employed 55788 7,007 3,155 39503 _54.4 50.0 814 15083 -14.1 15.5 900 12.8 Unemployed ' 397 376 195 146 49.1 38.8 81 47 20.4 12.5 73 19.4 of Labor Force 6.4 5.1 5.8 4.0 9.1 4.2 Not in Labor Force 9,556 99896 4,873 4,883 51.0 49.3 13142 1,393 1200 14.1 15302 13. Source: Data and Systems Bureau of the New York State Office of Planning Services: 1970 Fourth Count Census Tabulations, Feb. 1973. . w _ A Plan for the Development of the Town of Cortlandville: Arthur Reed, Land and Consultant, May, -1966. *1960 Data not available for Homer Town. PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976. City Planning 0 '9L61 `�lnL' °�.uaw�.,aedaq 6u�uueLd �C�.uno0 puPl�UoO :A8 03�tfd3ad • �'�uno0 pue L�UoO `a L L �npue L�UoO �.o uMol ,ao�. ue Ld �uawdo Lanaq Z puP L salgel :ao,anoS E6 ' 98' 88' S l' L ti0' L ao,ao,� ,angel u � �oN 8E'L LL' OS'l L6' 60'L P@RO Ldwauq L6' 96' £O'L LCL ZL'L Pafi0Ldw3 b6' b6' 900L 9l'L ZL'L ao,ao3 aogel £6' 06' 96SL'L LO'L ,aan0 pup 9L 48LPwa3 LP401 06' 8L' L6' LCL £L' L ao,aoj ,aogel UL 4oN LO'L ZS' l9° ZL'L 66' paRoLdwauq 00'L £L'L 0L0L L6' 960 WbLdw3 00'L ll'L LO'L Z6' 96' ap,ao3 .aogel UPtLinLO 00' L L L' L LO' L 36' 96' ao.aoj ,aogel $6' ZO'L tO4L £0'L IP 66' UOAO PUP 9L `a LPW LP401 OL6 L OM 096L OM 0961 uMol ,aawoH a L L �npuP L�,aoO Y'4 L0 PUP l4a00 OL6l - 0961 AlNf100 gPVb11�00 H1IM 03�ddW00 NMOI b3WOH `AlIO ON1111d00 `311IIIgN'd11�00 S1N3iionb 30HOA b08N1 OE 31841 are compared with the other municipalities, it is apparent that the Town is in a much better employment position than the rest of the areas. Thus, judging from the employment figures, the economy of Cortlandville appears to be in a better position than that of the County as a whole and surround ing municipalities. This comparatively large labor force participation could indicate that the Town of Cortlandville has a larger percentage of residents in the age groups most likely to participate in the labor force than the County and the surrounding communities. The composition of the labor force does not appear to have changed significantly since 1960. However, since the measuring methods were changed in 1970, a more accurate analysis can be obtained by examining percentages and quotients as opposed to whole numbers. The findings in the 1966 Master Plan concerning the labor force are similar to the findings which we have made for the 1970 data. One notable change is the rate of unemployment for women. In both the City and the Town of Cortlandville the level of unemp1oy� ment for women was reduced drastically between 1960 and 1970, a reflection, of the increasing ,role women are now taking in the labor force. As illustrated in Table 19, the unemployment .rate for female members of the labor force for the City dropped from 5.8 percent to 4.0 percent9while Cortlandville decreased from 9.1 percent�to 4.2 percent, Utilizing the quotients in Table 20 the female unemployment rate decreased in the City from 1.09 to .91 and in the Town from 1.50 to .77. This further illustrates the change which has taken place. The City and the Town both changed from a position of having proportionally more unemployed females than the County to having considerably less. OCCUPATION GROUPS An examination of the occupations for the Town's population can reveal significant factors about the Town's economic base. As shown in Table 21, Occupation Groups- Cortlandville and Selected Ares, 1960 and 1970, over 60 percent of the workers of Cortlandville were either in the Professional, Technical, Managers and Administrators group (24,7%) or the Craftsmen, Foremen and Transport Equipment Operatives (39.7), Sales and Clerical workers make up another 17.7 percent of the workers (Figure 3). The professional group includes many of the industrial managers, professors and administrators from the State University College at Cortland, lawyers, and doctors residing in the Town. This class of workers is 45 reflected in the comparatively higher family incomes of the Town which will be explained in greater detail in a subsequent portion of this chapter. Looking at the occupation group quotients listed in Table 22, we find that the quotient is 1.32 for the pr4ofessional group, which means that Cortlandville has 30 percent more than its share of the County's total in this group. In the Craftsmen, Foremen and Transport Equipment Operatives category/ . Cortlandville has a quotient of 1.15, also showing a proportionally greater share of the County's total. In other occupation categories which tend to pay lower salaries, Cortlandville has a much lower proportion of the County's total. The quotient for farmers is .70 and for service workers it is .84. The distribution of Town residents within these occupation groups tends to reflect a higher level of economic achievement in Cortlandville than in the rest of the County. Cortlandvi11e seems to be an area where people with the more skilled and correspondingly higher paying jobs are, thus reflecting a higher level of economic well-being for the Town than for other areas in the County. Looking at the 1960 figures, this has not always been the case. The trend seems to be for more workers with higher paying jobs to live in the area than in 1960. As an illustration, in 1970 the professional group accounted for over 24 percent of the total force, while in 1960 this group had 16 percent. In the sales, clerical and kindred workers category, the growth was not as dramatic as that of the professional group. From 1960 to 1970 the sales category increased by about 3 percent as compared to the 8 percent for the professionals, Contrary to the growth which occurred in the just mentioned occupation groups, the farm workers and laborers had a percentage decrease in the number of workers in the labor force. The 1960 percentage of 15.6 decreased to 8.0.in 1970. According to the 1966 Master Plan, there,was a number of agricultural workers in Cortlandville and a major concentration of workers in the craftsmen, foremen and transport equipment operatives category. There has not been a significant change in the number of workers in this latter category. In 1960, 42.5 percent of the workers were in the craftsmen classification,while in 1970 it was almost 40 percent. The trend which has emerged indicates an increase in the number of higher paying professional jobs and a decrease in the number of people employed as farmers and laborers. This pattern of change is causing Cortland- ville to lose some of its rural character and develop into a more suburban area. 4 - - - TABLE 27 __ � -. l - OCCUPATION GROUPS - CORTLANDIPILLE AND SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES, 1960 and 1970 -- _ � - _ _ __ _ _ c;orttan County Cortland City Cortlandville Homer ' Number % of Total Number _ % of Total Number % of Total No. � • 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 1980 1970 1960 1970 1970 .Professional, Technical, - _Managers & Administrators 2,660 3,481 17.4 19.8 1,469 1,707 20.2 22®4 374 749 16.1 24.7 489 40.4 Sales, Clerical and Kindred Workers 2,752 3,585 18.0 20.4 1,712 1,868 23.5 24.5 332 536 14.3 17.7 487 20.3 Craftsmen, Foremen & Transport Equipment Operatives 6,071 6,421 36.6 39.7 2,807 2,468 38.6 32.4 990 1,202 42.5 39.7 887 37.0. Service Workers Including - Private Household Workers 1,753 2,176 11.5 12.4 947 7,159 13.0 15.2 201 298 8.6 9.8 308 12.8 Farmers, Farm Managers, Farm Laborers & Farm Foremen 1,480 1,114 9.7 6.3 52 43 .? .6 268 127 11.5 4.2 161 6.7' Laborers, except Farm 566 781 3.7 4®5 287 374 4.0 469 96 115 4.1 3.8 65 2.7 Not Reporting 578 -- 3.8 -- -- -- -- - -- 69 -- 3.0 -- - - Total 5,302 15,302 -- -- 7,274 7,619 -- -- 2,330 3,027 -® -- 2,397 *Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding. 1960 Data not available for Homer Town. Sources Data and Systems Bureau of the. Nev�F fork State Office of Planning SLrvices� 1970 Fourti� Count Census Tabulatioc� February, 1973. � A Plan for the Development of the -Town of Cortlandville> Arth€�r Peed, Land and City Planning Consultant � May, 1966. OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE I960-1970 50 L•' ON (L 1144 ,, Sources: Data and Systems Bureau of the New Yori< State Office of Plann ing Services: 1970 Fourth Count Census Tabulations, February, 1973a A Plan for the Development of the Town of Cortlandville: Arthur Reed, Land and City Planning Consultant; May, 19660 Prepared By: Cortland County Planning Department TALILE 22 OCCUPATION GRO�1P QUO`T'IENTS CORTLANDUILLE AND SELECTED MUNGIPALITIES COMPARED WITH CORTLAND COl1NTY, 1960 and 1970 Professional, Technical, Managers and Administrators Sales, Clerical & Kindred Workers Craftsmen, Foremen, Operatives & Transport Laborers, Except Farm Farmers, Farm Managers, Farm Laborers & Farm Foremen Service Workers Including Private Household Workers Not Reporting TOTAL Cortland City 1960 1970 Cort1andville 1960 1970 Homer Town 1970 1.18 1.15 1.02 1,32 .99 1.33 1.22 .88 >92 ®96 .99 .89 1.18 1.15 .�38 1.08 1.12 1.23 .90 .59 .07 .09 1.32 .70 1.02 1.16 1.25 .S3 .84 1.00 ®® ®® .87 ®® m� 1.02 1.01 1.11 1.06 .97 Source: Tables 1 and 4 PREPARED 8Y: Cortland County Planning Department 0 Cortlandville Development Plan 9 INDUSTRY GROUPS The industry groups in which the people of a community are employed is another important indicator of the economic base. In Cortlandville, 75 percent of the people work in either the Manufacturing (35.5), Retail Trade (15.8), or Services (24.1) sectors. These figures are pretty much in line with the figures listed for the other municipalities as indicated in Table 23, Industry Groups Cortlandville and Selected Municipalities, 1960 and 1970. Durable goods manufacturing is higher in percentage in Cortlan & ville than in the other municipalities. The services sector is proportionally lower in Cortlandville than in thed other municipalities, particularly in the City where this sector makes up almost 34 percent of the workers. This is almost 10 percent higher than in the Town. The industry group quotients of 1.12 for the manufacturing sector and 1.15 for the retail trade sector show a slightly larger share for Cortlandville than for the County. In the whole sale trade sector, both towns, Cortlandville and Homer, have large quotients, whereas the City has one of only .70. These quotients are listed in Table 24 Industry Group Quotients. The quotient for the agricultural sector is only .66 for Cortlandville. This quotient has gone down frgm previous years, indicating a decrease in the number of workers involved inthe general agricultural activity of the Town. The Town of Homer, in contrast, has a quotient of 1.05, reflecting a share in close proportion with what could be expected from the labor force. However, the number of people employed in agriculture can be misleading. This is because the trend in agriculture is for more consolidated and mechanized farms using fewer laborers. Thus, even though agricultural activitiy increases, fewer people are employed. An indication of the economic condition of the Town is indicated in the number of occupations such as construction, insurance and real estate sales- men, and those involved with public administration that have quotients around 1.25, while lower paying sectors such as services and agricultural and transportation and communication are below 1; especially in the previously cited case of agricultural. There are only two sectors where there has been a significant change since 1960. These are services and agricultural. Between 1960 and 1970 the number of workers in the service sector has increased from 17 to 24 percent of the total labor force,while the agricultural sector has declindd more than 50 Manufacturing Durables Non -durables Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Agriculture Mining Construction Ln wwwj Services Finance, Insurance and Real Estate Transport, Communications, and Public Utilities Public Administration Not Reporting TABLE 2.3 INDUSTRY GROUPS CORTLANDVILLE AND SELECTED MACIPALITIES, 1960 -AND 1970 Cortland Counter Number % of Total 1960 1970 1960 1970 59802 5,869 36.6 33e4 x,535 45091 22.3 23.3 23267 1,758 14<3 10.2 332 376 2.1 2.1 29277 22,554 14.4 14.6 13564 19126 9.9 7.0 20 13 .l .l 747 1,021 4.7 5.8 3,226 4,807 2003 27.4; 1 54�` 599 3.5 3.4 396 628 2.5 3.6 949 0 6.0 0 52860 175 Cortland City Cortlandville Number % of 'Total Number % of Total No 1960 .1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 2,987 29052 39.4 3208 923 1;073 39.6 35,5 1,753 19661 23.1 21.R 590 814 25.3 26.9 1,234 841 16.3 11.1 333 259 14.3 8.6 165 113 2.2 .7 48 87 2.1 2.9 1,259 1,297 16.6 17.0 309 477 13.3 15.8 72 90 1.0 1.2 303 132 13.0 4.4 0 0 Q 0 -b 5 4 0 .1 294 348 3.9 4.6 118 208 .1 6.4 1,818 29568 24.0 33.7 393 730- 16.9 24.1 NA 164 NA 2.2 N_A, 94 NA 3.1 224 273 3.Q 3.6 73 90 3.1 2.9 207 264 2<7 3.5 44 132 1.9 4.4 559 0 7.4 0 119 0 5.1 0 1970 1970 826 34.46 5l 5 21.50 311 12.9Q 86 3.59 293 12.22 181 7.55 0 0 125 5.22 652 27.20 558 Total 1 7,585 7,619- 2,330 3,037 2,397 *Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding 1 1960 Data not available for Homer. NA Not Available Source; New York State Department of Commerce, 1970 Census® Fourth Countt July 7, 1972 A Plan for the Development of the Town of Cortland�sille, Arthus; Keed, Land anJ i ;� Planning Consultant, May 196 e 3 TABLE 24 INDUSTRY GROUP QUOTIENTS CORTLANDVILLE AND OTHER AREAS COMPARED WITH CORTLAND COUNTY, 1960 and 1970 Cortland City Cortlandvil'le Homer Town 1.960 1970 1960 " 1970 1970 Manufacturing 1.10 1000 1.16. 1.12 1.00 Durables 1.06 .95 1.21 1.22 .89 Non -Durables 7,17 1,12 1,01 .91 1.25 Who1esal� Trade 1.07 .70 1,06 1.42 1.62 Retail Trade 1.19 1.19 ,99 1.15 .81 Agriculture .10 .17 1,42 .66 1.05 Mining ,1.29 0 0 1.89 0 Construction .84 ,80 � 1.16 1.25 .87 Services 1,21 1,25 .88 .93 .96 Finance, Insurance & Real Estate NA .82 NA 1,24 1.17 Transport, Communications and Public Utilities .88 1.07 .97 .92 .87 Public Administration 1.12 ,98 .81 1.29 .94 Not Reporting 1.26 -- .91 -- - Sources: Tables 1 and 6 Cortlandvil1e Development Plan PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planniny Department 52 so W ao � 30 0 r Z 20 w U cc w a 10 F IGU ML 4 INDUSTRIAL Yrown of w w � Z w U� Z w O c9 � oZ? J Z Z m 0c: Z ''- > a W ~ k- oaL Ce oc -° ~ ~ w J U_ a� ~ Q oe N ? w Z V Z Q o a® vai w Z = m g C -' Q O V a Q Q Z O U Q Q OU O U 3 L 03 a Q 0. 1960 00 <?;1970 Q GC 970 Census rth t, July ,1972 SOURCE New York State Department of Commerce n of CortlandvilleQu1966Cbyn .rthur,Read and "A Plan for the Development of the Town of 53 half from 13 to 4.3 percent. This change toward a smaller number of agricul� tural workers is reflected in the industry group quotients -The quotient was 1.42 in 1960 and .66 in 1970. Thus, in 1960 Cortlandville had a much greater proportion of people in agricultural than the County,while in 1970 the Town had less than its proportionate share'of people in agricultural. Although there was, little difference;in percentages between 1960 and 1970 for the wholesale trade sector, the quotient showed that Cortlandville in 1970 had a greater share of the County's labor force in wholesale trade than it had in 1960. All of the other sectors of the industry group appear to have remained pretty much the same,including manufacturing where a large concentra, tion still remains(Figure 4). COMMUTATION ;PATTERNS • The examination of commutation .patterns can also provide knowledge about the economic base of a community. If a large number of residents outcommute, it is an indication that the local economy lacks strength. This forces residents to seek employment elsewhere. Commutation patterns can also give an indication of mobility. However, with heavy reliance placed upon the auto, mobile: by the American people, the question of mobility is moot. The place of work for the residents of the County, the City of Cortland, and the Towns of Cortlandville and Homer can be seen in Table 25, Travel to Work Cortlandville and Selected Municipalities, 1960 and 1970. Of those residents who reported their place of work, a great majority (80% in Cortland- ville, 76,6% in the County, and 73.9% in the City) indicated that they worked in Cortland County. Conversely, only 8.2 percent of the Town residents had jobs outside the County, less than both Cortland County (12.3%) and the City (9.5%). Of this 8.2 percent, most commuters went to Tompkins (402%) or Onondaga (2.9%) Counties. Reviewing the place of work statistics for 1960 and 1970, there were no significant changes in the journey to work patterns. However, a slight decrease in the number of commuters from 1960 to 1970 is ,noted for the Town. In reviewing commutation patterns, it is also desirable to examine the types of transportation used in commuting. This will aid in formulatina transportation and energy •goals for inclusion within the Development Plan. Town residents depend heavily on the automobile as a means of transportation. As'.i.11ustrated in Table 26, Mode of Transportation W Cortlandville and Selected Municipalities, 1960 and 1970, almost 87 percent of the Cortlan& 54 $'Z L'L6 30 L 69 5'L tt't7 Z'L 0 L'S8 0 VN 0 0 9'L 0'£ '996L `kpw `.4UR4 LnsuoO 6u Luup Ld RlLO Pup Pupl `paad anq;aV : a L L LApup L4aoO So uMol age S® 4 uawdo.LaAaO age JOS up ld V '£L6L )Capnagaj 6su0L4P Lngpl snsua0 qun00 44anoj OL6l saoLAaaS 6uLuupLd 40 aoLJJO a4P4S AaoA maN aq4 So npaang. swaWs *q p;p0 5£ £0 L 6Z 0 tiL0`Z 0 L 0 0 6£ £L OL6L OL6L '0N LUm0i aauoH :saoanos •uMo1 aawoH ao� aLgpLLpAp fou p�p0 0961 - L aLgpLLPAV 40N -VN OL6`Z 9Ltt`Z 8LF L St1`8 5LZ`LL lt/101 8' L L 6' Z _ 05£ 69 9' 9 t ' � SEZ` L 65£ L ' L L 806 ` L pa4sw 4ON Z089 L'L6 OZ94Z Lit£`Z '£8 9056 £8 L`9 98L6L 6'88 LO£45L pa4aodad Z'8 £'£L ttZ ZZE 9'5 5'LL LOL ZZt L £'ZL £ZL`Z 000 PupL4a00 apLsgnO 0'08 S'E8 9L£6Z 5Z06Z VEL 148L 38it65 VgC*9 6'9L t?8L`£L aouapLS So R;uno0 aptsul - : 6` L'8 9Z 96l Z'tt L'£ 5ZL 5L p 0 VN 0 0 -- 0'08 8'£8 9LE`Z 5E06Z 0 0 -- Z• L -- O 0 -- ® 0 -- 5' S' SL LL #t'Z L" L LL Ott OL6L �0961 OL 61 096L_ Lp401 So % iagwnN 9LLLApupLV00 4 0'Z 8'OL Lt7l 8L8 5'£ 0'tt 09Z 6ZE t/N VN 5 VN o Z' 0 ZL 6'£L L'8L Mtt`5 tT9£`9 t/N l ' £ Z tt t1N Z' Z£ 6L t1N 5' ttZ tttT 0 L* 0 17 £'L 9' 96 L5 5' L 0' L itlL L8 OL61 096L OL K 096L. LP401 J0 % aagwnN 4L0 pupLj4a00 OL6 L Pup 096-L J1 du -m- 01 1311dltl -cZ 3181: g ' L LOZ 0'� L89 dN tt£ t/N 08 g'9L tt8L`EL 6' 09L ZL £ ' 9b 6' L t?Z£ tr'Z 9Ltr OL K aagwnN 00 PUPL04a00 spaay aaq.�.0 quno0 sUL�{dwol -: X4Uno0 p6hXpo k4uno0 o6upuag0 k;uno0 pup L4aoO 44uno0 p60 L1 uno0 awooag j@440�0 k4 LO `:U0gWPg6uLg R;uno0 uosLppW R�un03 p6ppuou0 aag�.0 jo Rq 0 6asnopikS _ S3i1IlHdI0INi1W Q310313S QNtf 311I/1QNb112100 � TABLE 26 MODE OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK Cortland County Cortland City Cortlandville Homer Town' Number % * Number % of Total *Umber % of Total * No. 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 1970 Private Automobile, Driver 119114 64.6. NA 49302 0 580 NA 23310 77.8 19602 67, Private Automobile, Passenger 25251 13.1 NA -1,059 0 14.3 NA 260 0 8.8 334 14. Total Automobile 139365 77.7 42609 55361 62.0 72.3 13566 29570 69.5 86.5 1,936 81. Bus or Street Car 33 .2: 122 8 1.6 .1 24 0 1.1 0 0 Railroad 5 ..1 12 .0 .2 & 0 0 0 0 0 0 Taxicab 96 .6 NA 80 -- 1..1 NA 9 -- .3 7 , rWalked 2,310 13.4 1,802 1,572 24.2 21.2 239 195 10.6 6.6 282 11; Other Means 279 1.6 233 141 3.1 1.9 52 12 2.3 .4 33 14 =Worked at Home 19127 6.5 231 259 3.1 3.5 308 184 13.7 6.1 110 4. Not Reporting 425 -- 5.7 0 66 0 2.9 0 TOTAL 17,215 7,434 7,418 1 - 1960 data not available for Homer Town. NA - No -t Available * Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding. Source: Data & Systems Bureau of .the New York State Office of Planning Services: 1970 Fourth Count Census Tabulations, February 1973. 2,255 2,970 � A Plan for the Development of the Town of Cortlandville: Arthur Reed, City and Land Planning Consultant; May, 19660 2,368 v Me workers use a private automobile when going to work. This is a higher percent than is in use in other municipalities listed in Table 26. Conver- sely, a lower percentage of Cortlandville residents (6.6%) walked to work than those of other municipalities (Cortland County - 13.4%, the City - 21.2%, Town of Homer - 11.9%). These percentages strongly indicate the dependency of Town residents on the automobile. There is a great difference between some of the data for 1960 and that of 1970. In 1970, 17 percent more journey to work travel was done in automobiles than in 1960, while walking to work decreased by 4 percent. Also, over 13 per- cent worked at home in 1960, while only 6 percent worked at home in 1970. These Figures reflect two major trends: 1. The smaller percentage of residents working at home in 1970 indicates the decreasing role of agriculture in the economy of the Town. 2. The increased automobile usage indicates several trends. First, many workers involved in home occupation in 1960 joined the commuting public by 1970. Secondly, there was a sizable increase in the number of women working in 1970 as compared to 1960. These undoubtedly created more journey to work trips. Thirdly, as Chapter 10, Land Use, indicates, there was a substantial increase in residential development. Much of this was subdivision growth somewhat removed from most work locations. Consequently, the use of an automobile is necessary. INCOPIE DISTRIBUTION Income is another important factor to evaluate when considering the Town's economic base. A review of income levels provides some insight into the'stan- dard of living of the residents, indicates to some extent, whether.or not,there are a large number of high or low paying jobs, and gives an indication of the' ability of residents to pay for goods and services. In 1970, the average family income for Cortland County was $10;209, while I" Cortlandville the average income was $10,624. This level is above the County and the City but is below the Town of Homer's average family income. Almost 35 percent of the families in Cortlandville are in the $10,000-$14,999 income range, a significantly higher percentage than for any of the other municipalities in Table 27. Further examination of the income levels indicates that 56 percent of Cortlandville's families earned between $7,000 and $14,999 in 1970. This compared with 51 percent for the County, 47 percent for the City and 53 percent for the Town of Homer. In the lower income group, 57 TABLE 27 FAMILIES BY FAMILY INCOME Cortland County Cortland City Cortlandville Homerl Number % of Total Number % of Total Number % of Total No. % 11960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970. 1960 1970 1960 1970 1970 197 $0 _ 2�999 19823 940 18.0 8.7 809 426 17.2 9.9 213 117 14,0 5,9 164 10.2 35000-43999 25453 924 24.2 8.5 19003 432 21.3 10.0 .408 132 26.8 6.6' 105 6.5 53000-53999 25777 1,632 27.3 15.1 13335 689 28.4 16.0 444 286 29.2 14.4 204 12.6 73000-95999 15904 22454 18.8 22.7 957 946 20.3 21.0 268 429 17.6 21.6 388 24.0 105000-14,9*99 869 35113 8.6 28.9 415 15123 .8.80 26.0 134 .681 8.8" 34.3 469 29.0 155000-245999 243 12o385 2.4 1Z..8 131 543 2.8 12.6 42 289 2.8 14.5 213 13.2 25,000 and over 88 342 .9 3.2 56 159 1,2; 3.7 12 53 .8 2.7 72 4.5 TOTAL 10,157 10,790 ao *Percentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding. 4,706 4,318 Source: Data & Systems Bureau of the New York State Office of Planning Services: 1970 Fourth Count Census Tabulations, February 1973 A Plan for the Development of the Town of Cortlandville: May, 1966. 7 1960 Data not available for Homer Town. 1,521 1,987 Arthur Reed, City and Land Planning Consultant, Sources: FAMILIES BY FAMILY INCOME TOWN OF .CORTLANDVILLE 1960-1970 700. 1 ...1...d..... 500 N I I I 7 N OO O O p O O 1 Z O O O O O O N1 1C1 N ® O O Iri O - h INCOME IN DOLLARS a M1960 1970 Hata and Sysi;ems Bureau of the New York State Office of Planning 'Services: 19%0 Fourth Count Census Tabulations, February, 1973r A Plan for the Development of the Town of Cortlandville: Arthur Reed, Land and City Planning Consultant; May, 1966. . Prepared By: Cortland County Planning Department 59 J 400 a �- 300 w 200 w 100 z N I I I 7 N OO O O p O O 1 Z O O O O O O N1 1C1 N ® O O Iri O - h INCOME IN DOLLARS a M1960 1970 Hata and Sysi;ems Bureau of the New York State Office of Planning 'Services: 19%0 Fourth Count Census Tabulations, February, 1973r A Plan for the Development of the Town of Cortlandville: Arthur Reed, Land and City Planning Consultant; May, 1966. . Prepared By: Cortland County Planning Department 59 $04,999, Cortlandville had 27 percent, as compared with 32 in the County, 36 in the Citv and 29.5 in the Town of Homer. Finally, in the upper income range ($15,000 and over) Cortlandville had 18 percent, while the County had 16 percent, the City had 16 percent, and the Town of Homer 18 percent. The generally higher income level in Cortlandville is a reflection of the trends which developed in the previous sections of this chapter. The distribution of workers within the occupation and industry groups showed that Cortlandville had a higher percentage of professional and management people as well as craftsmen than the other muncipalAties which have been examined. Additionally, it. had a smaller number of people in lower paying positions such as laborers. The combination of these factors along with the higher percentage of labor force participation in Cortlandville results in a higher income level. The upward mobility from 1960 to 1970 which was depicted in the occupa- tion... and industry group sections was also in evidence in the income section of this chapter. In 1960 the total for the $7,000 to $14,999 income ranges was only 26 percent as compared with 56 percent in 1970. Only 9 percent of the families were in the $10,000-$14,999 range in 1960 v 26 percent less than now. On the other hand, in 1970 the lower income group equalled 27 percent of the families of Cortlandville while in 1960 this category had over 70 percent. In the 1966 Master Plan, it was noted that as suburbanization takes place the economic composition of Cortlandville was expected to change.2 Considering the various economic findings thus far, this supposition is definitely an emerging trend and will probably continue into the foreseeable future (Figure 5). CONCLUSION Cortlandville, which is one of the fastest growing towns in Cortland County:, has a relatively stable economy. Low unemployment figures of the past combined with a comparatively high level of income represent a sound labor force. The degree of the soundness is, however, heavily dependent upon the manufacture of durable goods. Factories such as Monarch Tool, 2. A Plan for The Development of The Town of Cortlandville, prepared by Arthur Reed, Land and City Planning Consultant for the Town of Cortland ville, May 1966, p. 41. Overhead Door, Pall Trinity Micro, and Smith Corona provide many of the jobs held by Cortlandville residents. These various manufacturing establish- ments provide the basis for the high number of jobs (40%) which are classified as craftsman, foreman, and kindred workers. However, there are also a substantial number of professional, technical, managerial and administrative personnel (25%) and sales and clerical people (18%) which help to provide a more diversified economic base. Most of the individuals associated with these latter two categories would be employed independently, by the State University of New York at Cortland,by the just mentioned manufacturing establishments or by various retail outlets. With more than 80 percent of the Town labor force working in Cortland County and a substantial number of retail outlets in the Town, it appears that much of the income earned in the County is circulated through the businesses of the Town. This circulation of money helps foster a sound economy. The trend for Cortlandville seems to be an increasing number of higher paid residents. The average family income for the Town of $10,629 was more than that of the County and is indicative of the large number of.professional and managerial personnel who reside in the Town. With 25 percent of the wage earners classified as professional., as opposed to 20 percent for the County, the average income level of the Town should reflect this fact. As the Town continues to develop, the economy must grow to meet increased demands. This growth should involve, if possible, the expansion of the excellent manufacturing base which presently exists. However, the Town should also try and broaden its economic base with industrial parks, research laboratories, warehouses, and similar operations which produces desirable tax returns and/or high wages. The most serious problems of the present economy for the Town, State, and much of thenation are inflation and unemployment. Thus, for the present, State and national polities may have the most serious impact on the local economy. 61 0 • FINANCES INTRODUCTION Tie ability of, a municipality to provide public facilities and services is determi'ned`to-a great extent by i,ts ability to tax. Decisions affecting the need for public services in a municipality are not always in the province of municipal authorities; such decisions are often made.by school districts, the County or the State. To the extent that decisions rest with local officials, the taxes of all other levels of government must ,be kept in mind. The taxpayer's ability to pay increased or alternative taxes cannot be found by objective formulas. To a very great extent, the job of responsible public officials is to find the balance point between the citizen's reluctance and ability to pay taxes and the demands for public facilities and services. This 'chapter summarizes the finances of the Town of Cortlandville for the past five years. The items to be studied are expenditures, revenues, and the property .tax base and tax'',rates for the general Town purposes, and the expenditures and revenues for�'special purpose districts within the Town. TOWN EXPENDITURES Town expenditures are generally di'vided,in.to three categories. These are highway expenditures, general government expenditures and capital outlays. The highway expenditures are monies spent for the construction, repair and maintenance of the Town Road System. The highway expenditurEsinclude both operating expenses and capital outlays. The general government expenditures are monies spent for the general conduct of government business and include the operating budgets of the various town departments. Capital outlays are monies spent for major,,and permanent. town investments such as the purchase of land, the construction of buildings and the purchase of major equipment with along life expectancy. Town expenditures for the years 1970-1975 are summarized in Table 28 and Figure 6 ..�To.talexpenditures show a declining trend to 1971, followed by a rapidly rising trend, even excluding non-recurring capital outlays. Ex- penditures for 1975, excluding these capital outlays, were about 55.2 percent over 1970 and about 73.4 percent over 1971, the low point. The data for 1965 through 1969 was not available, so no comparisons werg made. However, comparisons made with.the data contained in the 1966 Comprehensive Plan showed the 1975 expenditures, again excluding the capital outlays, to have increased about 279 percent over 1959 and about 337 percent over 1961, the low point i n the 1966 Plan .(Ta.bl a 29) . 700 - Z 600 - Q n 500 H Z 400 - 100 - FIGURE 6 TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE TOTAL EXPENDITURES (ROUNDED TO NEAREST $100) 1970 - 1975 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 YEAR SOURCE: Summarized from Town Supervisor's Annual Report$ PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976. Cortlandville Development Plan. C� General Government 1. Legislative, Judicial, Executive 2. Finance 3. Staff 4. Insurance 5. Public Safety 6. Ambulance 7. Highway Lighting 8. Other Transportation 9. Recreation - 10. Library 11. Planning & Zoning 12. Sanitation 13. Employee Benefits a, 14. Otherl - Total General Government Highway Fund Current & Minor Capitol Outlays Debt Service Total Highway Fund Federal Revenue Fund Cap i to 1 Outlay Land Purchase Land Purchase (Federal Revenue Fund) TOTAL EXPENDITURES TABLE 28 TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE EXPENDITURES, 1970-_1975 (Rounded To Nearest $100) 1970 % 1971 % 1972 19,600 6,2 24,300 8.6 26,000 7.4 9,000 2.9 11,400 4.0 11,700- 3.3 21,300 6.8 19,990 7.0 21,300 6.1 5,800 1.8 6,100 2.1 7,000 2.0 2,300 0.7 3,500 1.2 4,000 1.1 8,000 2.5 8,000 2.8 8,000 2.3 6,700 2.1 8,000 2.8 9,500 2.7 9,900 3.2 12,100 4.3 13,500 3.8 3,200 1.0 3,200 1.1 2,700 0.8 7,500 2.4 10,500 3.7 12,500 3.6 2,100 0.7 2,400 0.8 2,100 0.6 23,900 7.6 10,400 3.7 4,900 1.4 18,600 5.9 20,700 7.3 29,200 8.3 5,500 1.8 4,800 1.7 5,900 1.7 1973 � 1974 % 1975 28,000 7.6 33,000 7.2 36,500 5.9 12,000 3.2 15,800 3.5 15,200 2.5 28,600 7.7 28,100 6.1 31,600 5.1 7,400 2.0 7,300 1.6 9,900 1.6 2,600 0.7 3,500 0.8 3,800 0.6 71,300 3.1 12,000 2.6 12,000 2.0 10,400 2.8 72,100 2.6 19,500 3.2 15,700 4.2 13,700 3.0 15,300 2.5 2,800 0.8 2,300 0.5 4,600 0.7 14,500 3.9 14,500 3.2 16,500 2.7 3,200 0.9 3,100 0.7 7,500 1.2 34,200 9.2 38,000 8.3 43,600 7.1 6,800 1.8 8,500 1.9 21,600 3.5 143,400 45.7 145,300 51.2 158,300 45.0 177,500 48.0 191,900 42.0 237,600 38.6 162,800 51.8 117,100 41.3 172,600 49.0 192,400 52.0 265,300 58.0 249,700 40.6 7,800 2.5 18,700 6.6 21,100 6.0 170,600 54.3 135,800 47.9 193,700 55.0 192,400 52.0 265,300 58.0 249 100 40.6 200 0.1 2,700 1.0 13,000 2.1 30,000 4.9 85,000 13.8 314,000 100.0 283,800 100.0 352,000 100.0 370,100 100.0 457,200 100.0 615,300 100.0 SOURCE: Summarized from Town Supervisor's Annual Reports, 1970-1975 1. Other - includes small expenditures of $500 or less and expenditures which could not be fitted into other categories. Prepared by Cortland County Planning Department, July 1976 Development Plan for Cortlandville, Cortland, New York rn ts-: . ® _ • ' TABLE 29 TOWN OF CORTLANDViLLE EXPENDITURES FOR THE YEARS 1959 - 1964 - ( rounded to nearest $100 -) 1959 1960 1961 Highways Current & minor capital outlays $ 69, 000 $ 37,100 $ 60, 700 Construction (10 year Improvement Program) 17,400 11,300 Debt Service Total Highways 36,400 98,400 Other ' _Current Operatir_g & Maintenance Executive, Legislative; Judicial'Offices 7, 000 8, 000 Staff Offices 15,200 9,700 Elections- 1,200 1,400 . � Safety 1,700 2,00 Sanitation 9 0 0 1, 2 00 Ambulance 3,500 3,800 Library Overhead and 1Vilscellaneous Insurance 6,600 8,800 Employee Benefits 4, 300 4, 300 All Other 5,200 5,600 Total Current Other 45,600 45,200 Capital Outlay Town Hall Land Purchase - Total Other than Highway 45, 600 45, 200 TOTAL EXPENDITURES $132, 000 $143, 500 SOURCE: Summarized from Town Supervisor's Annual Reports 5,100 5,000 7.0,800 .8,500 9,900 1,400 2,300 1,400 3,900 6;600 �, 800 4.800 43,600 44,200 87,S00 $158,600 _1962 1963 1964 $ 90,200 $ 92,700 $ 87,100 15,000 10,000 8,000 105,200 202,70G. 95,100 8,100 8,600 9,100 15,400 17,100 17,700 1,400 1,300 1,300 2,100 2,900 3,300 1,500 1,900 2,300 3,500 3,600' 3,700 300 500 500 6,300 8,900 4,400 4,900 7,000 7,000 6,700 3,500 5,200 50,200 55,300 54,500 15,200 8,800 65,400 64,100 54,500 $170",600 $166,800 $149,600 HIGHWAYS As Table 28 shows, highway fund expenditures have been the greatest single expenditures from year to year. They have, however, been decreas- ing in their share of the Town budget. From 1959 to 1964, for example, the highway expenditures averaged about 54 percent higher than the general expenditures, while in the 1970-1975 years they averaged about 13 percent higher. In 1975 the highway budget was only about 2 percent higher than the general expenditures. The portion of the highway expenditures classified as "current and minor capital outlays" shows a variation from a low of $117,110 in 1971 to a high of $265,300 in 1974. The particularly high figure in 1974 was due to extensive repairs and improvements and a high expenditure for machinery. Highway debt services occurred during the years a" were repaid in 1973 by the repayment of bonds, tax anticipation notes and capital notes. The higher budgets of 1973-1975 are reflective of "pay as you go" financing, that is, paying for large expenditures out of current funds without borrowing them. The Town general government expenditures averaged about 48 percent of the total expenditures for the years 1970-1975, as compared with an average of 35 percent for the years 1959-1964. A marked upward trend in these expenditures is evident in Table 29 . The entire general bud-• get rose from.a low of $143,400 in 1970 to a high of $237,600 in 1975, for an increase of about 65.7 percent in six years. The smallest yearly in- crease,,about 1.3 percent,occurred between 1970 and 1971 and the largest increase,about 23.8 percent,occurred between 1974 and 1975. The only item to decrease in the budget between 1970-1975 was sani- tLA I which dropped to zero in 1973, reflecting the opening of the County Sanitary Landfill. All other items increased from 1970 to 1975, ranging from the lowest increase of about 43.8 percent in recreation expenses to the highest in- crease of about 292.7 percent for the category of other. The category "other" in 1975 included $10,600 preliminary expense money for new water and sewer districts. If this expenditure is deducted, then this category will have increased 100 percent. The next greatest increase was in the planning and zoning category, an increase of 257.1 percent from 1970 to 1975. This was followed by highway lighting, which increased 191 percent in the same time period. The only other categories to have a.great increase (over 100%) were the library, which increase 120 percent from 1970 to 1975,.and employee benefits, which increased 134.4 percent. Comparisons with the 1959-1964 data published in the 1966 Plan are somewhat difficult due to the additions of the new budget items. However, comparison of 1963, which had the largest budget in the 1966 Plan($55,300), with the largest budget in Table 28 , which is 1975($237,600), shows that general government expenditures have grown 330 percent in twelve years. The federal revenue sharing fund, established in 1972, is a relatively new category for the Town. Expenditures from this fund were made for only two of the years. These were 1973, when a $200 expenditure was made for engineer- ing, and 1975, when three expenditures, one for $2,500 for judgements and claims, one for $10,500 for a bridge, and one for $85,000 under capital expenditures, were made. CAPITAL OUTLAYS Capital outlays were limited to the ,purchase of land in 1971 and 1975. In 19719 $2,700 was spent and in 1975, $115,000 was spent. REVENUES Revenues for the Town of Cortlandville for the years 1970-1975 are summarized on Table 30 and Figure 7 . Before discussing the revenue picture of the Town, it is important to note that of all the sources of revenue listed in Table 30, the real property taxes is the only source under total direct control of Town officials. However, to some extent, Town officials do have partial control over fines and forfeited bail, departmental incomes, and interest and miscellaneous. 67 :. TABLE 30 TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE REVENUES, -1970-1975 (Rounded to Nearest $100) - _ 1970 % 1971 % 1972 % 1973 % 1974 % 1975 Real Property Taxes 180.600 55.4 175,300 52.4 199,900 48.3 169,500 40.1 195,300 40.8 207,000 40.5 Sales_Tax 42,800 13.1 43,900 13.1- 48,700 11.8 70,100 i6.6 69,400 14.5 85,800 16:8 State Aid - Per Capita 42,300 13.0 59,300 17.7 58,700 14.2 71,500 16.9 77,800 16.2 87,300 17.1 Youth Programs 1,000 0.3 1,100 0.3 1,100 0.3 1,100 0.2 1,100 0.2 Highway 7,600 2.3 4,700 .1.4 8,300 2.0 4,700 1.1 4,700 1.0 4,700 0.9 Mortgage Tax 24,000 7.4 21,800 6.5 45,100 10.9 25,600 6.1 26,300 5.5 19,400 3.8 Federal Revenue�Sharing 15,900 3.8 43,300 10.2 39,000 8.1 38,600 7.6 Dog Licenses 1,700 0.5 1,600 0.5 1,500 0.4 1,600 0.4 T,100 0.2 1,700 0.3 Fines and Forfeited Bail 15,000 4.6 13,900 4.2 18,200 4.4 18,500 4.4 19,300 4.0 21,500 4.2 Departmental Incomes 5,500 1.7 5,900 1.8 8,200 2.0 5,800 1.4 12,400 2.6 14,300 2.8 Interest and Misc. 6,700 2.1 7,200- 2.2 8,100 2.0 11,400 2.7 33,800 7.0 29,700 5.8 TOTAL REVENUES 326,200 100.0 334,600 100.0 414,700 100.0 423,100 100.0 480,200 100.00 511,100 100.0 Source: Summarized from Town Supervisor's Annual Reports. 1970-1975 Prepared by Cortland County Planning Department. Juiy 1976 Development Plan for Cortlandville, Cortland New York p�ruRE 7 TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE TOTAL REVENUES 60 0- (ROUNDED TO NEAREST $100) 1970 - 1975 •• 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 YEAR . SOURCE: Summarized from Town Supervisor's Annual Reports Traditionally, real property taxes have been the backbone of local government finance. In the Town of Cortlandville the real property taxes represented 55.4 percent of all revenues in 1970 and 40.5 percent of all revenues in 1975. The declining proportion of real property taxes to total revenues has apparently stabilized around 40-41 percent, according to 1973 (40.1%), 1974 (40.8%) and 1975 (40.5%) figures. In the 1966 Plan, real property taxes produced between 72 and 73.5 percent of all revenues in the 1959®1964 time period. Since the 1966 Plan, sales tax has been added as a source of revenue. ' The percentage of sales tax in relation to Town revenues ranged from 11.8 percent (1972) to 16.8 percent (1975) in the 1970-1975 years. Federal revenue sharing was added in 1972 and its percentage of Town revenues ranged from 3.8 percent in 1972 to 10.2 percent in 1973. The Town has also received revenue in the form of State aid, of which there are three types: per capita; youth program; and, highway. Per Gapita aid rose steadily between 1970 and 1975, reaching 17.1 percent of the Town revenue in 1975. Youth program aid was a small, steady percentage of reT venue, ranging between0:.2 and O 3 percent. Highway aid was steady (between 1.5 and 1%), except for 1970 (2.3%) and 1972 (2.0%), which contained the final highway improvement program reimbursements. .• OL ° JaMas pue J04PM. `4LWLL 4gap LPuoLgn4L4Suoo @44 6uLRLdde ui •a�.owaa E)gLnb SL spun. uMol LP.aauab wOJJ squawRed ggap Bons ;aaw o4 paaLnbai bUL@q uMol ago jo 44LLLgLssod ayi •uMol aqj ,}o R4LLLgPL4ua6u�4uoo P SL ;qap 4oLa4sLp MoadS •s90Ln°aaS, uMol .Aon. 6uLoueuLJ ;qap w,aa44uoL UL p96e6ua 4ou sPq uMol agl •saoanos anuana,a Mau pue R�..aad -o,Ad algexP� u� saseaaoua g�oq �o �Lnsaa aq� s0 s6IML •aLgPs RL.Aa sT pau4ewa,a seq 04ea xPI. 944 `saxP4 Aaadoad LPaA wo,aj senuanaa pasea. DUL pup ga6pnq 6ui +Ma46 a a;Ldsap gegI. sMoys L£ aLgel •s %asodind RPMgbLq ULP4Jao ,Aon. saxes. o4 4oaCgns qou aaP S4LWL L 06PLLLn UL44LM SDL;aadoid `MPL Rq aouLs 69SPO aq4 qou SL sasod,And LeooL LLP JOJw @422 xP4 aL6uLs y o4a6pnq uMol age. Rq 4uawssasse Le�oq aye. 6u�p�n�p Rq pau�P�.go s� a�.P,A xp�. aql °a�.e�.sa Lea,A �.o s,AauMo aq�. 6uowe pa4nq LJ4S Lp SL Rna L xP4 LP404 044 qo LyM Rq ,aogop4 age. SL OJPJ xPl • auao.aad S • L off. a.uao,aad c ° L wo,aI Ma°A6 I. L 110J l .uaw -ssasse LP404 a44 o4 uol4PLaa UL `R4,aadaad aLgpxe4 ueg4 ,aa;spj Ma.a6 44,aado,ad 4dwaxa 46nog4Ld equao.aad Zg pasPDJDUL kgAodo°Ad 4dwaxe pup ;uaoAad tt gnoge paseaAouL R�.,aadoid aLgpxe� SL6l o� OL6L woad •saL4jado.ad gdwaxa aq4 anPy se 644Maa6 4uPOLILU6Ls uMogs aneq saxPq uMol Le,aaua6 o4 goaCgns SDLgaadaad ° 9L61-OL6 L s,aPaR aye. ,ao�. a L L �npuP L�uoO suo��.enLV n passassp aye. sMoys LE algpl S3111� X'dl ONd 3Sd8 Xdl "bL6l u� �uao,aad L �.o q6�y P off. ZL6L u� �.uao,Aad Z �o MoL P wo,A�. pa6uP.A s�ql •a,Aegs qsaqPa,A6 aq4 swaol s;un000P 6u�nps uo �.sa.aa�.ui go�yM 10 `awooul 10 saoanos ,aaqqo % pup : sanuana,a. L Le Jo 4u9o,aad g • Z Jo g6Ly P off. 4uao,Aad V ° L JO MOL P w04 `SL6L 04 OL6L waaJ RL4Paa6 M9.A6 gOLgM `sawoouL Lequaw4jpd -app) 6*sanuanaa uMol jo quao.aad £ ° t 96PJDAP aq4 uo paw,aoJ PUP SM 04 OM WQJJ RLLpP@gS Maa6 goLgM `LLpq pad.LDJtAOj PUP'SOU J :sanuanaA uMol 044 }o ssaL pup juaoaad S•p 6uLWJOj 4SJPaR SL6L-OL6L aq`. 6uL.anp Rppags RLJLPI seM go�gM `punk. asuao� L bop age. :uaaq anPy anuana,A jo sao,Anos ,Aoulw .aaq�.p •�a�aew 6u�snoq aye u� spua,aIt MoLs amot �o an�atoaL�aA *4uaoAad S°C JO MOL SL6L P off. RL�pP@4S pasPaaoap PUP ZL6L ui sanuanaa LLP jo 4uaoaad 6°OL ,}o g6Lq P papLOLR xP4 sLyl •saqPoLpuL 0C aLgel sp `plaLR algpL.aen RLg6Lq P sPq xPq sLgl 444Lunwwoo aq4 UL fiq�AL40P @M43 -xa D4R4sa LPa,A S40@lJa.A pL@LA #,404oaLLoo P se S40P goLgM 644uno0 aq4 Rq uMol aq4 o4 pauan4aA SL sa6e64jow fi4jadoid LPW uo xP4 a6P64,aow aql TABLE 31 TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE ASSESSED VALUATIONS AND TAX RATES, 1970-1975 Valuations Town Tax Rates Per $1000 Valuation Taxable Exempt Outside Village Inside Village* 1970 37,633.754 505.040 5.351 3.302 1971 4050323328 5419,650 4.683 3.732 1972 4257435894 5479600 5.097 4.209 1973 46,042,834 6909600 4.08593 3.35396 1974 5153725845 7365150 4.3092 3.6472 1975 5452395629 8159800 4.0812 3.5775 1976 N.A. N.A. 4.115 3.6992 Source: Clerk of the Legislature, Cortland County Assessor, Town of Cortlandville V *Villages of McGraw and Homer Prepared by Cortland County Planning Department, July 1976 Development Plan for Cortlandville, Cortland, New York - district debt is exempt from the debt limit. Town debt is limited by State Law, to 7 percent of the average full value of taxable property. The limit is computed by averaging the five most recently completed assessment rolls. The limit has been increased as the average full value of taxable property has increased. Table 32 gives the actual and estimated debt limit. TABLE 32 TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE DEBT LIMIT 1974 4.3 Milliona 1975 5.1 Million 1976 6.0 Million a7 percent of five year (1970-1974) average of full valuation (state). bCortland County Planning Department estimates, based upon estimated growth and estimated equalization rates, July, 1976, Table 33 gives the 1970-1975 debt status of the Town. As of 1975 there are no debts subject to the constitutional debt limit. TABLE 33 TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE INDEBTEDNESS 1970 1971 Exempt 3455500 3179000 Not Exempt 265000 209000 Total Indebtedness 3719500 3379000 1972 1973 1974 301,000 2849 000 267,000 301,000 284,000 267,000 SOURCE: Summarized from Town Supervisor's Annual Report. PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department, July, 1976. SPECIAL DISTRICT FINANCES 1,975 25Q,OOQ 250,000 In addition to the general Town services discussed earlier, some of the Town taxpayers must also support specialized services rendered to limited parts of the Town. Table 34 summarized the special district expenditures and Table 35 summarizes the special district revenues. 72 TABLE 34 TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE SPECIAL DISTRICT EXPENDITURES, 1970-1975 (Rounded To Nearest $100) 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 _ Fire Protection District 13,000 1.3,000 22,700 259500 369800 37,800 Water District 11 Expenditures 179000 229500 25,900 294)900 289100 77,000 Debt Service 17,200 169800 16,500 17,100 16,700 16000 Total Water District //l 349200 39000 424j400 474)000 449800 93,300 Water -District ,72 900 1,000 1,100 900 1,000 _1,000 Water District #3 ,Expenditures 800 600 31400 11400 4,200 19800. w Expansion Construction 39500 1,500 Total Water District ;#3 800 4,100 4,900 1,400 4,200 1,800 Sewer District ;§1 Expenditures 59400 6,300 6,100 61600 71600 99700 Debt Service 111900 11,600 119400 111100 109800 109600 Total Sewer District #1 174)7)00 17,900 17,500 17,700 18,400 20,300 SOL�Cs,: �t?mil�rl�k:r�. i r0?11 _'ps,r_•i i�tll,JrV3..S0'� fi �'i:.�'''il�?1 �eports� Prepared by Cortland County Planning Department, July 1976 Development Plan for Cortlandville, Cortland, New York _ � TABLE 35 TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE SPECIAL DISTRICT REVENUES 1970-1.975 - (Rounded TQ Nearest X100) 1970 1971 1972 1973 197+ -1975 Fire Protection District Real Property Taxes 13,-000 13,000 22,700 25,500 36,800 37,800 Ulater_ District ;-�1- " Re -al 1'ropert� Taxes �, ' Special �ssessmeni 12,200 10,300 10,100 5,800 6,200 6,000 ', Departme-rtal Income _30,400 37,800 45,100 49,300 54,400 .58,000 j� -.-I_��terest & hiisc. 2,200 1,700 2,700- 2,200 3,400 5,100 Total ti�later District �l 44,800 4q,800 59,700 _ 58,100 64,000_ - 70,100 � tilater District �2 Depa_�tmental income, _ � Interest �:i�isc. 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,100 1,100 1,300 ' Water District �3 - i Special assessment _ 5,000 1 T Lal Income, � Intertest & 1-Zsc. 1,300 1,700 3,100 2,900 4,900 3,200- Tota1 water District �3 1,300- 5,7Q0 3,100 2,900 4,x00 3,200 Se��er District ;rl i Reap Property Taxes 1,400 1,300 1,200 Departmental Income 16,800 17,600 18,900 19,500 19,900 20,100 Interest & disc. � 900 900 900 900 1,400 3,100 i � Total Sewer District ,�1- .19,100 1°,800 21,000 20,500 21,300 23,200 SOURCE: Summarized fron Town Supervisor`s=a�rual Reports. Prepared by Cortland County Planning Department, July 1976 Development -Plan for Cortlandville, Cortland, New York FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT Payments to the Homer and McGraw Fire Departments for fire protection (Map 6, Chapter 7, Community Facilities) rose 191 percent from 1970 to 1975. The amounts raised by real property taxes have exactly matched the contract costs so that there has been neither a surplus nor a deficit. WATER DISTRICT #1 The cost of operating water district #1 (Pap 10, Chapter 7, Community Facilities) rose 173 percent from 1970 to 1975. There was a surplus in revenues over costs for all years, except 1975, when there was a deficit of $23,200. At the end of 1975 the outstanding water debt was $160,000. An issue of 1959 with a balance of $75,000 is payable in serial installments through 1988 - a 1964 issue with a balance of $85,000 is payable through 1992. WATER DISTRICT #2 This is a small district (Map 10, Chapter 7, Community Facilities) which has had an annual surplus of revenues. for this district. WATER DISTRICT #3 There are no outstanding debts This is a small district (Map 10, Chapter 7, Community Facilities) which has had a surplus of revenues in every year except 1972. Even if we discount the expansion construction expenditures financed from the special assessment, 1972 was a deficit year. There are no outstanding debts for this district. SEWER DISTRICT #1 The cost of operating sewer district #1 (Map 9, Chapter 7, Community Facilities) rose only 17 percent from 1970-1975, while revenues for the district rose 21 percent in the same period. This district had a surplus in every year from 1970-1975, despite the fact that real property ,taxes were discounted in 1973 as a source of income. At the end of 1975, sewer district bonds were outstanding in the amount of $90,000. These bonds are scheduled to mature serially through 1989. . 75 9L sanAasaA gseo s,uMol ag4 waAI s4uawked yseo ;oa LJau f'ag4 asneoaq sanuana,A paaoxa saAnq Lpuadx3 SMVL61 4uaw4jPdaa 6uLuueld f'quno0 pueLgAo) .CCB paAedaAd 5L6 L-OL6 L - s4JOQab lenuud s ,,Aos Ln.AadnS uMol I,I OJJ paz L.AewwnS : ao,AnoS S3nN3n38 IVIOI saNni1ON3dX3 7Vioi tib 3.l SL61 bL61 EL61 3L61 IL61 OL61 1 4 1 1 1 1 8 3dngaj - 00£ OOb :005 009 OOZ •uoL�e�.uawaldwl ,Aon. stool £l ,Aa�.deg0 ul lle�.ap ,Aa�ea,A6 ul passnos Lp s L go L yM wPJbOJd �.uawaAo Adwl leo LdP3 aye. ,Aapun ue Ld quawdo lanae age. UL papuawwooaA s�.uawanaAdwL JOCew aye. JOI 6uLuueld uL6aq off. uoL4Lsod pooh e ul uMol aye. saoeld slid •saoueleq yseo asea,Aoul RLLensn pup aaw off. alge uaaq aney 6ulpue�.s�.no �.qap y�.LM s�oL,A+ F leloads age. 6�.oe,+ uI •a�.owa.A sL asod,And sLy4 ,Aon. spunk. uMol le,A9ua6 6uLsn 10 f'4Lssaoau age. 10 44LLLgLssod aye. 64gap 40LJgSLp Moods uoj OLgeLl f'L4ua6uL�.uoo SL uMol ago aLLyM •san,Aasa.A yseo s4L asIPaAouL saseo 4uew ul pue ule�.ulew o4 alge uaaq seg uMol aye. 6uolqlppe UI •a�.e,A xe� alge�s �ClanL�ela,A e pa��LwAad seg goa areae of pasea,Aoua aneg saoinos anuanaA ,aaggo pue suoL�.enlen passasse algexpq age. 6senuana.a s4L �o a.Aegs 4sa6,ae L age. Jol saxes. fi4jadoid leaA uodn 4uapuadap SL uMol aye. aLLgM 8 aAn6L3 UL Mogs se sanaAasa,A pup sanuana.A wo,Aj �.aw uaaq aneq s�'elgno le4Ldeo Pup s�.soo 6uL4pAado qua.AAno g4og •uoL4Lpuoo leLoueuLJ 4u8l laoxa UL SL a l l L npue l�.,AO3 10 uMol age. 6 a,An4n j D;P L pawwL ay�..ao3 NOISnlON00 oo ;qap pue uoL4e,Aado 4 CHAPTER 7 COMMUNITY FACILITIES The purpose of this chapter is to list the type and location of facili- ties that provide public services in Cortlandville. In addition, guidelines will be evaluated to help determine which facilities may be improved to meet anticipated growth.Such an identification process is significant in the plan- ning process as it provides criteria for the location of new or the improve- ment of existing community facilities.(Map 5). Town Hall The Town Hall was built in 1962 and is located at 15 Terrace Road. The single story masonry building contains the offices of the Supervisor, Town Clerk, Assessor, Superintendent of Highways, Town Justices and has a small meeting room with a capacity of twenty persons for the Town Board and a larger meeting room for the Town Court and public gatherings. The facilities appear to be adequate for the immediate future; however, parking for the structure is inadequate for peak meeting hours. While the surrounding area was substantially vacant except for the residential develop- ments to the immediate northeast at the time of its construction, subsequent development along Tompkins Street Extension has provided a more commercial setting at the present time. The Town Garage is a large masonry structure, constructed in 1946, which serves as a storage and service center for the Town's highway equipment. It ' is located on a site of approximately three acres adjacent to the New York State Department of Public Works Highway Garage on Polkville Road, near Inter- state 81 and accessible only from New York State Route 41. The structure, con- tains a small office in addition to the large vehicle storage area. The facility is well located near the geographical center of the Town. Expansion, though not currently necessary, appears,to present no problems in the immediate future. 77 v � "otiq --- � � 2zz 1 CEEP'iELD ME I(,YTS . E• ROLL RD � ;. Y -�� I ROAD �jURSL>t ' �— I11 �, �Stabla a w �, OQ Ili � "_roLLEG yr � I "� s%— � ,. "UO��>IJE FD. -- � FERRIS = � IE LDCPLST Z22 r/�.;;._; ii9 VALLEY NEW J �P� i GR ., Cor!IanEL ' __:_ County C+'r'k _.�SPafe� Acro ���. 5i DR. {fit /j/Lf�j•1'2iJr:r�• v.cxLE v.a SLEEPY HULLU:�' R0.. - 12OA MAPLE WOOD FOREST DR. /'1' \�, �,C LIr,IF � i n PHEaSAtiT - - �ti 8C �i �� J RUN � GUN2EN ? �` �tw�> 120 '- � 124 DRIVE' tv -® � Gracie `' � � � South Cortland so ' ®b ��-''"`' Tunison Laboratory 123 j t:::-:�i.�• . of Fish Nutrition r.::: '•:::::. L;•: }iir •ii}� . r..�::::::. 124 a L------------------- Library L Fire Hall (Town -Village) Court House Garage (To!�n,County &State) � r I �"� '! i � � �� � • � •= • ' Wilbw Brook MAP 5 .6ANVG SE H(�-" •ST• `J'�( ,. ., � Lake D G m R1LEY RD._ ;AL AVE. f7 C(OSStti$ ��L SCC '�• fiV W® � i L L E �'. � A:IREkS ROAD ~ ?09� ut �f� z c• �� W t Blodgett Mil C BL��DGETT A14L5 RD i BLODGE7T � A,uLLS WEST RDAD �� tAAPLE AS D z c C 0 a 0 W W W N APAES Q ¢ / z 1' n 1 x I RD. 41 }iMdy df �y Cadrd(yQ PDLKVILLE RD. TERRACE � � �1\��\ i �' .. ��� . � � '; � �� - Cortlond 1 _ •'f � o r CounPry Club I a o � � � _r o HILLSIDE DR. CG ` iAEADOW �%f LL DR. •f/7 ALc #DRN DR I'�/FISHER aI 11 AVE. Y -�� I ROAD �jURSL>t ' �— I11 �, �Stabla a w �, OQ Ili � "_roLLEG yr � I "� s%— � ,. "UO��>IJE FD. -- � FERRIS = � IE LDCPLST Z22 r/�.;;._; ii9 VALLEY NEW J �P� i GR ., Cor!IanEL ' __:_ County C+'r'k _.�SPafe� Acro ���. 5i DR. {fit /j/Lf�j•1'2iJr:r�• v.cxLE v.a SLEEPY HULLU:�' R0.. - 12OA MAPLE WOOD FOREST DR. /'1' \�, �,C LIr,IF � i n PHEaSAtiT - - �ti 8C �i �� J RUN � GUN2EN ? �` �tw�> 120 '- � 124 DRIVE' tv -® � Gracie `' � � � South Cortland so ' ®b ��-''"`' Tunison Laboratory 123 j t:::-:�i.�• . of Fish Nutrition r.::: '•:::::. L;•: }iir •ii}� . r..�::::::. 124 a L------------------- Library L Fire Hall (Town -Village) Court House Garage (To!�n,County &State) � r I �"� '! i � � �� � • � •= • ' Wilbw Brook MAP 5 .6ANVG SE H(�-" •ST• `J'�( ,. ., � Lake D G m R1LEY RD._ ;AL AVE. f7 C(OSStti$ ��L SCC '�• fiV W® � i L L E �'. � A:IREkS ROAD ~ ?09� ut �f� z c• �� W t Blodgett Mil C BL��DGETT A14L5 RD i BLODGE7T � A,uLLS WEST RDAD �� tAAPLE AS D z c C 0 a 0 W W W N APAES Q ¢ / z 1' n 1 x I RD. 41 }iMdy df �y Cadrd(yQ PDLKVILLE RD. TERRACE � � �1\��\ i �' .. ��� . � � '; � �� - Municipal Building The Municipal Building, a large metal structure located on approximately six acres,was built in the summer of 1974 and purchased by the Town of Cort- landville in May, 1975 at the cost of $15,000. The building is 50 feet wide and 80 feet long, provides 4,000 total square feet and has two offices used by the Cortlandville Code Enforcement Officer and the Fire Dispatcher. The building also contains a small meeting room, but most of the space is used for vehicle storage areas, currently sheltering two fire trucks. There is enough space to store a total of four to six trucks. The structure has easy access from Route 281. The area behind the building is used as an ice skating rink in the winter. FIRE PROTECTION The Town of Cortlandville comprises one fire protection district divided into two areas for fire coverage (Map 6). Fire Protection in the western area of the Town is provided through a five year contract with the Homer Fire Company. In order to provide adequate service to Cortlandville, Homer is staffing and equipping an auxiliary station (Station 2) near the intersection of Route 13 and Route 281 in Cortlandville. The eastern section of the Town is covered by the McGraw Fire Department, which is also under a five-year contract to provide such fire services. The standard for adequate fire coverage, as established by the National Board of Fire Underwriters, for an area with Cortland County's characteristics has determined that fire protection is adequate if it is provided within a radius of five miles direct street travel. All of Cortlandville is within Five miles of either of the two stations which service the Town. Both fire departments have ladder trucks that reach approximately 85 feet into the air, the equivalent of a six -story building. The Town presently has no buildings greater than six stories. Listed in Table 36 is the equipment for each fire station. 79 CORTLANDVILLE FIE COVERAGE i HOMER i I RU- r• x CO+tlend o Counlry Club, g o m oA I Itj oHILLSIDE DR- C f,9EADOw J LL GR C p�� > LANE /(] W ALEXANDRIA W /J( I z FISHER AVE. 1 OR, I� Count lis / BLUE -� REED ROAD f Pf FILLER OAp Suns —' 11 9S. HAPT �R.- (j R THI; A'r II Ilk. ::::: : �p PERRIc � FIELGCRE;T ,d *�_:•---•- r Ilk 7f X19 VALLEY VIE':; I,'':' DR,� Cortland F� �::F .j k"It •1' Ikkk (_ 200 County CTQaL ate L-00 _ Atrpo �'No rn,. r::::: a::a-C lege 222 �I y �R oti`. rk BOALIsc rJ Sta! + + j c EEv I v s 111111F 1 90 Co 4 SLEEPY HOLLc;• P;�,• a a c . O �. ., 'I t STA.. MAP 6 / SiARR IR. EXT, � � DEEaF IE -D aOP� J � DRSDRS Cj_prner 4 HOLLC�~ 1:2 ODS C ® C L E., Rp P .L Qo I \\\ 120A aaPLE W00 D.FDPE c' DR, ^� \<— IR A II A \Q�'r '----�� Rut' , GUNiEN4 124 DRIVE, i 'Ill, e ` V eenti'F ROAD - ® � South Gartland rp w,to.r &rook 1 J Tunison Laboratory 123 T 6 of Fish Nutri;;an LLA r:::::_ _::•:: A CA 0 y f ROAD 111124 �G Fire Station Covered by Homer Fire•Department Covered by McGraw Fire Department ++++ Covered by City Fire Department Y ROAD \ a�+REeS ROAD v+ Z, o. r W J C - Z :J SL ;E T7 1,s1E.L5 WEST I via ING DEPARTMENT TABLE 36 FIRE EQUIPMENT SERVING THE TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE Y U d Y � � � ¢ G Z Z O W - O a � Q W i- � F- 0- F- CJ V O (¢- O Y r�-� W W W 7 V �--� 1--' U Q J J J W W U Q Q m m m C3 �� �� �� � ¢ � � � � F¢-- � � ADDITIONAL VEHICLE TYPE OF 3 2 1/2 1 1/2 �, _ � F � � � O _, DEPARTMENT NUMBER VEHICLE HOSE HOSE HOSE � � ¢ w � � � N N EQU%PMENT - Station 28 Monitor HOMER 1 # Engine 750 1050 300 2 1 4 Deluge Station 2 2 # Engine 750 1050 300 2 4 Deluge - 1 M Engine 850 1050 500 3 3 Foam 1 + Brush 300 200 - 1 =X Tanker 100 300 1 1 Station 2 2 =X Tanker 300- 1 1 1 1 # Ladder 750 550 300 2 1 1 2 L. Pipe & Foam 1 Emergency 1 1 4 7 1 1 5 Porta Power Station MCGRAW 1 M Engine 25 1250 650 1 -� V 1 # Engine 1200 700 - V Deluge Gun 1 * Engine 500 100 1 1 =W Tanker- 25 100 200 Z 1 1 Emergency 3 2 5 1 2 7 Chain Saw M 1000 GPM * 500 GPM = 250 GPM W 2000.Ga1. T. X 1600 Gal. T. # 750 GPM + 350 GPM SOURCE: Cortland County Fire Coordinator, 1976. PREPARED BY: Cortland County Planning Department, Ju -1y,.1976. Based on accepted standards, fire coverage far the Town is adequate for the present. However, as Cortlandville continues to grow and the cost of contractual services increases, it will become more desirable for the Town to provide its own fire protection, in order to maintain a "C" fire rating.l To establish an independent fire company, all firemen must under- go a minimum of three years of firematic training. As part of the current five-year contract with Homer,�the Cortlandville firemen are receiving eli- gible training. The Town has a "C" rating, but the deeision to have an independent fire company will need to be evaluated prior to 1981, when the current Homer contract expires. One of the major factors to be considered is comparing financial costs to improved services. The decision related to the Homer Fire Department will not affect the Town's action to continue con- tractual arrangements with the McGraw Fire Department to provide protection to the eastern portion of the Town. POLICE COVERAGE .Cortlandville receives police protection from two agencies, the County Sheriff's Department and the State Police.. The Sheriff's Department provides county -wide coverage by four marked and two unmarked cars that travel the County by districts. Cortlandville is part of the ",central" district receiving cover- age by one car at all times. There are thirty-four staff members, with fifteen officers who provide coverage. The department supplies routine checks of the area and will respond to any request or call for assistance. Similarily, the State Police have nine vehicles which provide county -wide coverage with four to five on call at any one time. Cortlandville, in the central part of the County, is covered by routine patrol. The State Police, with a staff of thirty, with fifteen officers, will also respond to any call. Both agencies are on call as a back-up to each other in case of emergency. At the present time these two agencies appear to provide satisfactory police protection for the Town of Cortlandville. However, with the projected growth for the next twenty years, Cortlandville should begin to seriously con- sider alternative methods of providing public safety services. As continued growth occurs, generalized County and State protection will cease to be sufficient. 1The highest rating provided by the National Board of Fire Underwriters for an area without fire hydrants. While there are many alternatives, five options appear to be worthwhile foV the future. 1. Develop a contractual agreement with the County Sheriff's Department to provide at least one police officer and one auto at all times. 2. Develop a contractual agreement with the City to extend its police protection into the Town. 3. Establish a Town police department. 4. Create a coordinated police district to include the City, the Village of Homer and the western portion of Cortlandville. Such a district would consolidate the city and village police departments. 5. Similar to item 4 above except that the police district would contract sources fow police protection with the County Sheriff's Department. Such a contractual agreement could provide that all existing police personnel be either consolidated into the Sheriff's Department or made up of a special unit within that department. None of these options are endorsed here because it is difficult to deter- mine which, if any, will best meet the Town's future growth needs. Environmental and economic factors, such as supply and increased cost of fuel, will certainly influence any future decision. Reqardless of which option is chosen, it is im- portant to study all possible alternatives so that the existing and future re$i- dents of the Town will be afforded the most efficient and economical police pro- tection. AIRPORT Chase Field West of the City of Cortland along New York State Route 221 (Groton Road.j is the Chase Field Airport, owned and operated by Cortland County. In 1920, Edward Link founded the private air strip as a fixed based operation by providing gaffs and charter services. In 1960, public ownership of the airfield was assumed by the City of Cortland. The facility was used for pleasure flying and it provided a useful terminus for visitors and executives of the local industries. In 1965, the.airport became County owned and is presently being operated as a general aviation airport. The fifty-nine acre airport has a pre -1940 hangar, which stores seven aircraft. To the west of the hangar stands a small frame building used by the Civil Air Patrol. There are two "tee" hangars that were built in the mid 1960's which store eight aircraft each. The combination of the hangars provides a total of twenty-three available aircraft storage spaces. There are an additional thirty-six aircraft tie down spaces. The 3,400%,foot run - i way lies in a northeast -southwest direction with navigation lighting along its entire ,length. A major and growing problem is the incompatibility of the airport and the surrounding land uses, many of which are residential. Items which may be listed as of concern to residents of the area include danger, noise and interference with radio and television reception. , In 1920, when the airport was established;, the area west of Cortland was substantially rural in character. In the intervening fifty-six years, growth of varying types has occurred around the airport. To the northeast, in the direction of the runway and the flight path of aircraft using it, lies a mixture of residential and commercial uses on both sides of New York State Routes 281 and 222. This pattern continues to the City of Cortland, which is in turn built up substantially to the City line. To the southwest is a growing residential area which includes development along Sleepy Hollow Road, McLean Road and Lime Hollow Road. The area west of Route 13 in Cortlandvible which surrounds the airport should be developed in uses compatible with the airport. The airport land also serves as part of the aquifer recharge area for the City water supply. On May 18, 1976 a public informational meeting was held by the Transpor-. tation Committee of the Legislature to present the items for improving the t airport facility. The Airport Plaster Planrecommended fifteen improvements For the next twenty years. As illustrated on Map 7 , two major improvements dealt with safety operations: extending the existing runway from 3,400 to 4,000 �ransplan, Inc., Airport Plaster Plan for Chase Field, Cortland County, New York, ' May 18, 1976, (Draft Report] was a two year contract to study the feasibility of improving the present airport to meet the aviation trends to 1995. This program was financially assisted by the Federal Aviation Authority and the New York State Department of Transportation, Division of Aviation. 84 MAP % ....,w_.__�..._. �._._- -.�._. _ .... .� .,m.�,.p.. ... _.,.,• iTrN�aANra�aP��S. �o-�-�� =�2� G��tioca� � � � Furuas �� of FlArdc,�R ®,. / � � r Q. � � ��/ � �� � 2 � ,,, a� � � ^' ✓ Q i �i i _ � 4 AiaPoar � i ;o � �c y�i cv '' �Q`� �,y ®QQ -�a � � � Q�a� , ® f. P`R'' o � ��� w `, � ,' LEGfiND y r�ea•c oat � �, EXISTING AIRPORT A aft norm+ `Y �pROP45EU AOQITIONS ��.�®� � ! �1J0 SCAL�� � PROPOSirA CLEAR ZUNiS e �J�� �� ... , --�— gyp` � �� a '� G Gta � °�<� ;4 ti� PREPAREp BY ' � °`� � b � ' j� a4' COf2TL.ANp GOUNTY •., •� °'AtRP�i��® j9 of PLANNING DEPARTMENT PR93� :. u� � . a �� ao.c®caro � JUNE 19'i6 w ��. � • � `�� x � ®���Q IeJ ��AN 0 IMmp N®.7 85 feet and the construction of a new 2,200 foot, crosswind runway. The other improvements were additional hangar spaces, a new terminal building with ,._ offices, equipment space, tie down areas and navigational aids. The total costs estimated for these improvements during the twenty year plan was $2.2 million (using 1976 constant dollar costs). Most of the costs, about 90 percent, will be paid by the Federa'1 Aviation Authority and the State share is about 7.5 percent. The County's share is about 2.5 percent. No action has been taken to date by the Transportation Committee; but it is expected that the County Legislature will act upon the report sometime late summer. ° Since the public informational meeting, the Town Board of Cortland- �� ville has formally expressed their opposition to ar�y major improvements to this facility. However, as to date no action has been taken by the ° Transportation Committee, but it is expected that the County Legislature , will act upon the report sometime late summer. SCHOOLS . Cortlandville is in an unusual situation in that it is served by four different school districts: the Homer School District (all schools with the exception of Truxton Elementary School), P7cGraw Central School District, ` Dryden School District and the Cortland City School District (all schools ° except Pomeroy and Parker Elementary Schools). None of the schools are located in the Town. All are located in adjacent municipalities (Map 8 ). Because the school districts are not coterminous to municipal boundarigs " and pupil records are not related to municipal residence, it is impossible to determine precisely what percentage of children in each school district ars �" from the Town. However, by examining the size of each district and the con- centration of residential developments, it is estimated that the greatest n number of Town's student population is served by the Efbmer School District d or the City School District. Because of its smaller land area, the Dryden P School District has fewer students. McGraw,on the other hand, has the largest d land area of the three districts in Cortlandville, but is sparsely populated and hence has a small number of Cortlandville students. � " Cortlandville is served by the elementary schools, two junior high schools, two junior -senior high schools and two high schools. The schools range in ca- pacity from 189 to 1,200 and in enrollment from 170 to 1,110 students. , 86 Cortland City School District Cortlandville 79'64' School District Dryden F'1 School District Homer #I School District MAP 8 n sccaFE a`� ��.Locatioa Date ' Constructed Curreat ,�-Enrollment Naber of Classreoas 7 43 141 7 Capacity* ! Dryden c: - I IMclean Dryden _ 7 Dryden � Freeville Cassavant Elementary - High School Elementary 0 Super- , Adcinistrative wising "- � 34 �'"- Faculty i 7 � School James K-3 Route 38 Maier _ j Street Street 844-8594 � Street McLean Dryden Dryden Freeville 1911 _ e Add `36 1930 Add 'S5 1965 1936 Add `52 Add 'S9 Add '48 f 170 1010 � 1110 183 7 43 141 7 Capacity* ! 189* c: - I 1 - Recommended Acre _ 7 59 7 2S 7 Site Acrea ¢e I K -S - -12 - Dr. Roberts Staff: I 0 Super- , Adcinistrative wising "- � Teacher �'"- Faculty i 7 ��Grades Served f � K-3 1- - I - Contact ��' _ j Dea-iing - - _ � 844-8594 1,161* ? 1,000* 189* 15 j 31 7 20 1124 5 2 53 K-6 TABLE 3% MAJOR .SCHOOL DISTRICTS SERVICING CORTLANDYILLE, 1976 McGraw -Homer Cortland McGraw McGraw - Homer Homer Homer Homer � Randall Barry Virgil Junior High Senior Ni h Smi Elementary High School Elementary Intermediate Junior High Senior High � School School School School ' Schoolg �Eleme Wiest Acadamy Street Park .Clinton Clinton l Aay- Route��60 Valley SO Place Avenue Avenue West Aoad I �daLt mond 90 Central Viev pheeie McGraw Homer goner Homer Homer I( Street Ave. Ave. �iVe Avence Cortland Cort. Virgil Cortland Cortland l9U Cortla Add 'S3 1892 1967 Revonation 1925- 1965 .1974 1951 1928 1957 1931 Remodeled � 1963 1957 1957 1947 Add `61 Add Add '69 Add 1423 ! Add 76 No add 424 526 874 669 S94 1,098 403 460 « 190 985 ( 877 � 250 — 23 29 37 37 39 60 �l9 19 17 S1 � 43 13 621* 870* 850 800 SSO 1,200 S70 500 42S (1,000 900 350 — � _ _ii 2S � 14 - 22 31 9 9 7 � 26 _ � 29 � 7 - 13.3 acres - ;5_ZS - 26.0 - 21.5 S.S 17 20 6.8 45 +13 Super- s wising 1 Teacher 59 7 2S 7 7-12 R-3 K -S - -12 - Dr. Roberts Supervisiag 2rincipal 863-6427 " *Calculated by State formula - 27 x number of classrooms - --**F:-Stuar[ Cbapia, Jr., Urban Land IIse Planning, 1972, pp. 444-448. i_'___ . � - 00 it 1 1 �- 1 44 40- 35 K-3 4-6- 7-8 Mrs. fiale-•Giaves' (Sop) Secretary 749-7241 2 bl 9-12 0 Head (1 1 Teacher�2 � 3 ? �7J+ i6+ 8+ 58 t 58t 10+ 3, PT S PT 1 PT �I PT 4 PT �� ��8 PY �� i IK -5 - K-6 K-6 '7-9 ! IO -I2 � K-6 i. � �Mrs..Wilson -Board of Education Office 753-9384 �. Most of the schools were constructed in the mid 1960'x, except for Homer Juni"or High School which was built in 1974. All the schools built prior to' 1960 have had at least one addition and a new Cortland Senior High School; built in 1963, is currently involved in the addition of anew junior high school expected to be completed in 1977. The County has purchased the old Junior High School for office space (For exact construction dates for the remaining schools, see Table 37 ). It appears that the schools currently serving the Town are structurally sound. and meet the State guidelines in tris area., It should be noted, however, that the cost of maintenance will inoreas�, particularly with older schools. There are a variety of standards applicable to schools. The standards in- cluded here address themselves to size of a school and acres for an optim4m size. Size TABLE 38 Recommended Standards For Construction of Schools Standard A Acreage 3 Requirements Elementary* Minimum - 250 students 7 - 8 Average - 800 students 12 - 14 Maximum - 1200 students 16 - 18 (Desirable distance 1/4 Junior High Minimum - 800 students 18 - ?_0 Average - 1200 students 24 - 26 Maximum - 1600 students 30 - 32 (Desirable distance 1/2 - 3/4 mile - Senior High . Minimum - 1000 students 32 - 34 Average - 1800 students 40 - 42 Maximum - 2600 students 48 - 50 ,(Desirable distance 3/4 -" Standard Q Acreage 4 Requirements 5 + 1 per 100 students 5 "� 1 per 100 students 5 + 1 per 100 students - 1/2 mile) 10 -►" 1 per 100 students 10 + 1 per 100 students 10 .F 1 per 100 students 1 mile or 20 mins.) 2U �+- 1 per 100 students 20 -i" 1 per 100 students ?..0 �- 1 per 100 students 1 mile -- ?_0-30 mins.) *Low density area - convenient driving is a desirable distance. 3Joseph DeChiara and Lee Koppelman, Urban Planning and Qesign Criteria (Seoond Ed.; New York: VanNostrand Reinhold Company, 1975), pp. 331-33. 4Stuart Chapin, Jr., Urban Land Use Planning, (Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1965), p. 446. A review of the schools serving Cortlandville indicates that most of the schools meet the guidelines for minimum size criteria. For those that do not, the deviation can be explained by the low. density population served by"a large school district. Sometimes in rural areas minimum size must be compromised for reasonable travel distance. In relation to site acreage standards, Cori=landville is fortunate that two-thirds of the schools prov;i�e the number of acres for a site recommended by the guidelines. Providing adequate school facilities in a growing community is always a challenge, since school facilities. have an impori;ant effect on overall community development. Although local school districts operate independently of each other, each governing body must recognize the need for close cooperation. Because i'ami- lies in this County desire a high standard of education for their children and desire to achieve maximum benefits in terms of both community development and educational programs, cooperation is a practical necessity. Cortlandville will most likely experience the largest growth in the Cpunty between 1976 and the year 2000. Using the Town population projections, we have estimated the number of school-age children. TABLE 39 SCHOOL-AGE PROJECTIONS. (Excluding the Villages) TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE, 1970-2000 5-13 Years Increase % 14-18 Years Increase 1970 1,127 552 1980 1,321 194 (17.2) 660 108(19.6),. 1990 1,585 458 (34.7) 792 240 (36.4) 2000 1,897 752 (47.4) 939 387 (4$,9) SOURCE: Projected By Cortland County Planning Department from�1970 U.S. Census Data and from 1975 New York State Economic Development Board Population Projections. From the above figures, Cortlandville will produce a number of additional school-age children that must be educated by the school districts serving the Town. Since it is difficult to identify perfectly where that growth will pccur, it is difficult to determine the exact impact of such growth on any one school district. However, due to existing land use and zoning restrictions, and based on past residential growth trends and patterns in the Town, most of the residential '; growth will occur west of Route 281 and along Starr Road. This sugge$ts that Homer and Dryden School Districts can be expected to receive the major- ity of the school-age children between 1976 and 2000. By looking at Table 37, one can see that neither Homer nor Dryden Will be able to handle the projected growth of Cortlandville's school-age children. To help relieve some of the stress on these two districts there appear to he several options. One option would be to recommend a shift in school district: boundary lines to transfer children from one district i;o another that has Mriore room for them. Another option would be to try to minimize growth west of,Rpute 281 by encouraging residential development in the southern central area of Cortlandville, now served by the City School District. If growth were to occur in this area, the City school capacity would be able to absorb most of it With little concern. The Town of Cortlandville has four separate school tax bases because it is, served by four school districts maintained by separate budgets. Each school district has a tax area determined by its district boundary lines within tha Town. Taxes are' calaulated yearly, based on the school budget, the revenue needed and the assessed value of the Town area within the district. Because taxes vary .from year to year, there is a yearly public vote held for each district to approve the district budget. To provide a perspective of the cost of edcuation in Cortlandville, we have included the tax rate per school district for the past two years. ►: '1 TAX RATE PER SCHOOL DISTRICT TOWN OF CORTLANDUILLE, 1974-1975 i i School District Homer Dryden Mcg raw City of Cortland School Tax Rate per $1,000 of Assessed Property Value 1974 $19.47 25.45 25.46 27.10 91 1975 $22.11 25.52 20.61 28.32 ms Table 40 clearly shows, tax rates vary somewhat from district to district and from year to year, with the City having the highest 4nd McGraw the lowest in 1975. Currently, all the property values in Cortland County are being reassessed 'by the Cole-Layor=Trumble Company. By May, 1977, new assessed values are expected to'be in effect. The effect of these changes on planning programs and policies cannot be determined specifically, but one can reasonably predict that the tax ba§e'6f the Town will increase over the last assessment. Correspondingly, on= less there is a significant increase in the school costs, the school tax rates should decline. BOCES Serving the school districts in both Cortland and Madison Counties is the McEvoy School operated by the Cortland -Madison Board of Cooperative Education Services (BOCES). BOCES is located on a 22 acre site off of Route 13 just about a half mile from exit 11 of Interstate. Highway 81. BOCES provides three focal areas .of service. The first, Occupational Education,is a primary function of the center. The program's purpose is to provide technical informs - tion and skills which are necessary for employment and to help students become t:aware of their obligations to future employers. This area is also involved in an:experimental program called the Pre -Occupational Education Program for ninth graders. Enrollment for the 1975-76 school year for the occupational education .program is 435 students, with an additional 87 participating in the pre -occupa- tional education program. Diversified Education, a program which provides occupa- tional education for special education students, has 73 students. The current 1975-76 enrollment for the occupational education program is 595. The second focal area at BOCES is the Special Education Program. This, program serves students who have handicapped conditions which prevent them from regular school program participation. They are referred by their own districts vuith the intent that BOCES will assist them to develop a point where they can participate in regular school activities or develop to their fullest potential. Current 1975-76 •enrollment in the BOCES Special Education Program is 350 students. r The third area which provides services is 'the BOCES Adult Education Program. This program has three divisions:' basic adult education provides basic reading and math skills to adults below a certain achievement level; preparation for the General Education Diploma (an,external high school diploma) prepares adults to meet the requirements of the General Education Diploma Pro- gram; technical skills program, provides the opportunity to gain and refine technical skills. The 1975-76 enrollment for .the BOCES Adult Education Program i s 895. HEALTH SERVICES Though Cortlandville is served by a variety of health related facilities, none are located in the Town. AcutE; care services are, provided by the Cortland Memorial Hospital located on Hamer lwenue (Route 11) in the City. The hospital has 169 beds and 26 bassinets. TABLE 41 CpRTLF�ND MJ;P10RIAL N'OSPITAL NUMBER OF BEDS�BY.MEDICAL Sf::RVICE (1975-1980) Medical/Surgical Special Care ICU/CCU Pediatric Maternity Psychiatric 1975 1980 123 123 12 0 0 12 16 16 18 15 0 11 SOURCE: Cortland Memorial,, Hospital Administration, 1976. The Hospital Board o (.Directors is �;mbarking on major alterations and, additions of a new wing t o upgrade the m��dical'services and redistribute ii:s existing resources. Area'(s which will bet,^evised are clinical„diagnostic and treatment services, patie;nt care areas, material and supply management,and administrative and publics facilities. T�iese improvements shor�Td be completed by 1980, offering a varic��ty of new and u�X�dated services and eight additional beds. ��3 Emergency services are provided by both McGraw and Homer Fire Departments. Ambulance service is provided by Hayes Ambulance Service from the City of Cortr land. Ambulatory care services, which include the J.M. Murray Center for the Handicapped, the Alcohol Information and Referral Center, the McDonald Speech and Hearing Clinic, and the Mental Health Clinic, are all located in the City of Cortland, but they provide services to Cortlandville residents with relatively convenient access. GENERAL Cortlandville residents are also served by a variety of other municipal services that are not provided by the Town. ;...Libraries Library services are provided by the Cortland Memorial Library in the City of Cortland, the SUNY Cortland Memorial College Library, the Lamont Memorial Library in McGraw and the Phillips Free Library in Homer. Though none are located in the Town itself, allo of the facilities are within easy access and meet the library needs for Cortlandvaille. Solid Waste Service for the Town's solid waS�te disposal needs, as well as those of other local governments in the County, is provided by the County landfill located on Town Line Road in the Town of Solon. The 283 acre landfill handles 100 tons per day and,according to the County Solid Waste Division, is adequate to meet the County's solid waste disposal needs for the next ten years. In an effort to increase the efficiency of ,the landfill and prolong its use, the. County has applied for Federal and State assistance in installing a.transfer station on its land in Polkville in '1976-1977. This station,with access -to Interstate 81 and major State Routes 11 and 41, will serve as an intermediate step in the,solid waste program, where all refuse from the urban area will be shredded and transferred in more compact form to the County landfill. The County is also participating in the,Tri-County Solid Waste Study to determine the feasibility of integrating the solid waste programs of Cortland, Tompkins and Cayuga Counties. Sewers At the present time, public sewage facilities in the Town of Cortland- ville are primarily limited to an extension of the Cortland City Sewerage System along New York State Route 13, southwest of Cortland. Other sewer connections existing in Cortlandville consist:of two private connections to the Cortland system by short extensions at Groton Avenue and Madison Street. The remainder of the Town, having satisfactory soil drainage and a dispersed population, utilizes private disposal systems. The public sewerage district in southwestern Cortlandville, established as Sewer District No. 1 in 1959, was formed primarily to serve the Smith Corona facilities then being planned. The system was designed to provide service to 961 acres. although only 485 acres have thus far been included (Map 9 )• Sewer District No. 1 is servediby .a 15 and 18 inch sewer lying aldng New.York State Route 13 and having a peak flow capacity of 5.2 million gallons per day (mgd), at the point of discharge into the Cortland City Sewerage System. Present flows average about 0.9 mgd., largely from the Smith Corona plant, though an increasing number of homes and commercial establishments are connecting to this sewer. By agreement, flows from the district are discharged into the Cortland City Sewerage System for transmission to the Cortland sewage treatment plant, treatment, and eventual disposal of the clarified effluent to the river. By far, the greater part of Cortlandville is now served by private dis- )osal systems. The Town is presently considering an extension to Sewer District No. 1 and the possible creation of two new districts. Also, the County is con- ducting a sewer study to determine the feasibility of the creation of a County Sewer District of providing sewers, etc., to be serviced by the City of Cortland Sewage Treatment Plant. The boundaries of this district will do much to influence the pattern of development in the urban area. Mater Most of the residential home owners in the Town of Cortlandville pre- sently obtain their water from individual, residential -type well supplies. The ares 51966 Master Plan. 3 • 9 P` ��y15503`J ��� rcpiM �� aa�aW UQ opi-$ �oa,ty • ti .aa awn 5 ati Lqsjj uewo:) jwS 10 generally consists of a number of valleys in the Cortland area and the hillsides and the valleys of the Town present very little problem in finding suitable wells for small water consumption. In the communities within the Town of Cortlandville, such as the City of Cortland, the Village of McGraw and the Village of Homer, municipal water supplies and distribution facilities have been made available. Some of the adjoining areas are also served by these municipal water works facilities. The former Chris Craft building, vacant at the present time, located on the southeastern corner of the City of Cortland, is presently served by water from the City of Cortland through a special water line installed in the mA 1960's to service this facility. No homes in this area are supplied by municipal water from Cortland. To the west of the City of Cortland, mun cipal water works supplies have been in existence for many years. Some of these facilities were constructed under the guidance of the City of Cortland and were supplied from water works facilities owned by the City. Charles Buck installed a well supply and a small distribution system to serve a small development in 1950. In 1957, these facilities outside the City of Cortland were acquired by the Town of Cortland- . villa and Water District No. 1 was formed. In general, this district consisted of water mains installed along New York State Route 13, from the City of Cortland to New York State Route 2815 and also on Starr Road and McLean Road, from New York State Route 90 to a point 2,000 feet west of New York State Route 281. Since that time, the district has been expanded to include Lamont Circle, the Cortlan & ville Mall, and the area north of McLean Road to the City Water Works property Map 10 ) Water District No. 2 in the Town of Cortlandville has been established for a small development between the City of Cortland and New York State Route 281 called Crestwood Court. Water for this area is supplied through the water works facilities of the City of Cortland. Water District No. 3 in the Town was formed to provide water service to the ' area of Water District No. 1•along McLean Road and to the residential development of Bowling Green. Water for this area is supplied through the water works faci- lities of the Town. Water Districts No. 1 and 3 are the largest and together they serve approximately®2,700 people. 97 111 A I t H Ulb l HICTS PP4 0 r Country a o HILLSIDE DI oCG MEADOW C > LANE- Z, ALEXANDRIA DR,� C '\BLLIE JRA EEC.ROAD 9 c Ked. Water District #1\\'��% Water District #2 Water District #3 MAP 10 Planning Services. It � financed in part by the State of New York. South Cortland is served by a small water works facility which is privately owned. This system was approved by the New York State Water Power and Control Commission in 1941 and was intended to serve about 50 people, all of whom lived wn a radius of one half mile from the hamlet of South Cortland. The water mains in this system are 13/4 inch and less in diameter. Until recently this system has been efficient in providing water to the residents of the area. In 1976, the system has been ordered to cease operation by the Cortland County Health Board, because the water taken from the spring has become polluted and unsafe for human consumption. The Town has looked at various alternatives to provide public drinking water to this area. An application has been made for f=ederal funds to construct a modest water system to provide water for drinking and fire protection. CHAPTER 8 THE HIGHWAY SYSTEM INTRODUCTION The highway system is the lifeline of the Town; without the rnovement of people and goods, Cortlandville could scarcely exist. In the Town, the auto- mobile is the dominant means of transportation and, as a result, the highway system is a major element of the land use pattern. Eighty®six percent of the work Force travels by car to places of employment. With increasing dependence upon the automobile, the Town must continuously plan for safe, convenient and efficient roads to meet the transportation needs of its residents, The purpose of this chapter is to briefly inventory and analyze the Town's existing highway system. EXISTING HIGHWAY SYSTEM The existing highway system of the Town consists of roads in State, County, and Town jurisdiction, The following pages will present an inventory of these roads and will analyze the State, County and Town systems. State System The State system consists of one interstate highway, one .federal highway and five state highways. 6 Interstate 81 enters the Town from the north at exit 12 near the Village of Homer. The exit is designed with an off ramp to the west which inter" changes with U.S. Route 11 and with State Route 281. After entering the City, Interstate 81 turns eastward, where it interchanges with State Route 13 and re-enters Cortlandville as it parallels the east branch of the Tioughnioga River, slightly turning southeastward around the steeply sloping sides of Carr Hill. At exit 11, Interstate 81 interchanges with U.S. Route 11 and State Route 41 at Polkville, approximately midway between the City of Cortland and the Village of McGraw. From Polkville, Interstate 81 parallels U.S.Route 11 to the southern Town boundary. Other than the two interchanges in the Town and the single interchange in the City, there is no other local access to this route. All other streets and highways have either been provided with a grade separation, have dead -ends, or have been provided with a service access. 1. Data Systems Bureau of New York State OfFice of Planning Services: 1970 Fourth Count Census Tabulations, February 1973 100 The Interstate 81 has two 12 -foot lanes in each direction, with a separation median, and has 10 -foot shoulders on the outside lanes and 8® foot shoulders on the inner lanes. Right-of-way widths vary from 300 to more than 600 feet due to construction requirements and because of existing property lines. The total length of the highway in the Town is 8.5 miles. U.S.Route 11 travels only a short distance in the Town, from the southern boundary of the Village of Homer to the northern boundary of the City of Cortland, before it flows through the main City streets, leaving the City on Port Watson Street at the bridge over the Tioughnioga River. From this point, it follows the river southeast to the southern Town line and southward, paralleling the Interstate 81 highway. Its total length is 8.7 miles. State Route 281 enters the Town from the north at the Village of Homer boundary line and travels south, passing through the northwest corner of the City of Cortland, re-entering the Town and traveling southwest to its junction with Route 13, where it ends, Its approximate length is 4 miles. State Route 13, traveling south and west from Cazenovia, enters Cortlanda ville from the Town of Homer northeast of the City of Cortland, After entering the City in its northeastern corner, the route travels over some of the major City streets and exits from the southwestern corner of Cortland on Tompkins Street Extension, continuing in a straight line until it joins State Route 281. At this point, it turns to follow the straight line projec- tion of Route 281 and bends south and west:atlit leaves Cortlandville on its way to Ithaca in Tompkins County. This highway has a total length of 7.4 miles within the Town. State Route 41, coming south from Skaneateles, meets U.S. Route 11 in Homer and from there they are contiguous until Route 41 leaves Route 11 at Polkville, interchanges with Interstate 81, then runs eastward through the Village of McGraw, leaving Cortlandville at its eastern boundary line. From here, Route 41 runs southeastward towards Chenango County. The length of this road is 8.7 miles. State Route 90, coming eastward from Cayuga Lake, enters the Village of Homer on the west and joins U.S. Route 11 rOnning southward to the City of Cortland. This route leaves the city on Owego Street, running southward through the Town to Virgil. It has an approximate length of 5.6 miles within the Town. . 101 State Route 222 comes eastward from Groton and enters the Town at its western boundary. This route continues east past the County Airport and crosses Route 281, before entering the western part of the City on Groton Avenue. This highway has approximately 4.6 miles within the Town. As indicated in Table 42, roads under State jurisdiction have an approximate total mileage of 47.5 (including I-81) or 33 percent of the total road mileage within the Town of Cortlandville outside of incorporated places. Without exception, they all radiate from the City of Cortland as trunk highways, providing relatively efficient facilities for the flow of traffic through the Town. All State highways have good to excellent asphalt surfaces on pavements which vary in width from 24 to 26 feet and are bordered by well mciintained shoulders. County System County roads in Cortlandville total 28.7 miles or 20 percent of the total mileage in the Town. They are paved and generally in good condition, with level pavements 20 to 24 feet in width and firm, well®graded shoulders 3 to 6 feet in width on either side of the pavement, Town System There are approximately 66.5 miles of Town roads in Cortlandville or 47 percent of the total mileage in the Town. Most of the Town's roads are paved and in good condition, having an unbroken, level surface and compact shoulders. There are a number of unpaved roads in the eastern third of the Town, east to the Tioughnioga River, and southeast of the City on the west of the river, Somerville Road, Hoxie Gorge Road, Freetown Road and West River Road are but a few of the unpaved roads. Most of these unpaved roads have a well graded earth and gravel surface on a roadbed of approximately thirty feet. HIGHWAY EXPENDITURES Since 1970, highway expenditures in the Town have averaged about 48 percent (excluding capital outlays) of the total Town budget for construction, repairs and improvements, and the purchase of machinery. By comparing the expenditures for 1970 with those shown in the 1966 Plan (62 percent of the budget), one can see that highway costs have decreased almost 21 percent since the 1960's. This reflects the increasing demands upon the Town to increase its expenditures to other types of programs such as public safety, recreation, library, employee benefits, etc. The trend that is begining to take place is a shift from physical improvements for highways to the meeting of the other needs of the community. The Plan recommends that the Town begin planning to best utilize those monies that will be set aside for highway work within the Town. 102 Nave of Road or Street Interstate Highways Interstate 81 United State Highways U.S. Route 11 State Highways TABLE 4?_ INVENTORY OF HIGHWAY AND ROADS TOWN OF CORTLANDUILLE Right of Way i n Feet Varies Length - t'avenient Miles Width Feet 8.5 4-12' lanes 8.7 26'' Shoulder Width Feet 10 6-10 New York State Route 13 49.5 7.4 24' 8-10 New York State Route 41 66 8.7 24' 3-10 New York State Route 90 66 5.6 26' 4 New York State Route 222 49.5 4.6 26' 8 New York State Route 281 66 4.0 26' 8 Total Mileage 30.3 County Roads C:R.111 Kinney Gulf Road 49.5 2.99 14-16 3-4 C.R.1�12 Lighthouse Hill Road 49.5 1.48 22 4 C.R. 112A Loring Crossing 49.5 .41 22 4 C.R. 112B Albany Street 49.5 .11 22 4 C.R. 113 Locust Ave. 49.5 1.01 22 4 C.R. 114 E. River Road 49.5 2.48 20-21 3-4 C.R. 115 Fisher Avenue 49.5 .52 20 3 C.R. 116 P�cGraw Marathon Road 49.5 1.23 18 6 C.R. 116A McGraw North Road 49.5 1.98 14 4 C.R. 117 Polkville Road 49.5 .40 16 6 C.R. 119 Sears Road 49.5 1.90 12 4 C.R. 120 McLean Road 49.5 3.00 20 6 C.R. 120A E. Holl Road 49.5 .88 16 6 C.R. 1206 McLean Road 49.5 .14 20 6 C.R. 120C Starr Road 49.5 .88 16 6 C.R. 120D Saunders Road 49.5 .24 21 8. C.R. 121 Kellogg Road 49.5 2.97 16-18 b C.R. 1`LlA Blodgett Mills Road 49.5 .L8 12 2 C.R. 122 Page Green Road 49.5 2.47 14 6 C.R. 123 South Cortland Road 49.5 1.15 14 6 C.R. 124 Gracie Road 49.5 1.46 18 4 C.R. 200 Old Groton Road 49.5 .62 18 5 Total Mileage 28.20 Source: New York State Department of Transportation County Highway Department Town Highway Department Prepared by Cortland County Planning Department, July 1976 Development Plan for Cortlandville, Gartland New York, J�.ily 1976 103 Name of Raad or Street Town Roads Abdallah Street Ahrens Roas Alexander Drive Allen Drive Ames Road Bell 'Dri ve Bennie Road Blodgett Mills West Blue Creek Road Bond Road Bowling Green Carr Hill Road Carrol Street Clinton Street Ext, Clute Road Conable Avenue College View Drive Cosmo Hill Road Crestwood Court Deerfield Heights Delaware Avenue Ely Road Fairview Drive Fercor Drive Fieldcrest Road Forrest Drive Freetown Road Fuller Road Gallagher Road Glenwood Avenue Greenwood Road Gunzen Drive Gwen Lane Halstead Road Hart Drive Heath Road Hicks Hill Road Hicks Hill Road Spur Highland Road Hillside Drive Hobart Hill Road Homestead Drive Hoxie Gorge Road Hoy Road Isabel Drive Joseph Street TABLE 42 (Con't.) Right of Length Pavement Shoulder Way in Miles Width Width Feet Feet Feet 49.5 433 20 4 49.5 .91 14-16 5 49.5 .16 16 6 49.5 .20 12-•16 6 49.5 3.01 10-16 5-6 49.5 .37 10-18 4-5 49.5 1.52 16 2 49.5 2.62 16 6 49.5 1.56 18, 4 49.5 1.02 16 5 49.5 .20 20 6 49.5 1.78 16 5 49.5 • .05 14 4 49.5 1.09 16 6 49.5 .74 16 5 49.5 .25 20 6 49.5 .43 16 6 49.5 .92 18 4 49.5 .21 16 2 49.5 .39 16 6 49.5 .14 20 2 49.5 .65 20 6 49.5 .64 18-20 4 49.5 .29 20 4 49.5 .16 20 6 49.5 .18 18 5 49.5 .85 12 2 49.5 .17 10 1 49.5 1.58 16 4 49.5 .18 16 4 49.5 .84 20 2 49.5 .20 16 6 49.5 .19 20 6 49.5 .23 16 . 4 49.5 .06 18 5 49.5 1.10 8-14 5-6 49.5 1.36 16 5 49.5 .44 12 1 49.5 1.03 16 2 49.5 .21 10 6 49.5 1.70 16 6 49.5 .12 12-16 4 49.5 2.02 12 2 49.5 1.58 16 6 49.5 .27 20 2 49.5 1 NA NA NA 14 Name of Road or Streei: Town Road_s(Cont.) Kingsley Avenue Kinney Hill Road. Lamont Circle Levy Dale Road Lime Hollow Road Loope Road Louise Street Luker Road Maple Avenue Maplewood Lane Maryland Avenue McCloy Road McDonald Road Meadow Lane Miller Street Ext. Monroe Road Munson Ave. North Homer Avenue Northway Oakcrest Street Parti Drive Pendleton Street Ext. Perris .Road Pheasant Run Phelps Road Pleasantvi:ew Ridge Road Riley Road Rural Avenue Snell Hill Road Sleepy Hollow Road Somerville Road South Hill Road Starr Road Ext. Streeter Road Stupke Road Sunsetview Terrace Sweeney Road Terrace Road Tower Road Town Line Road Traction Drive Valley View Drive Vernon Drive Weaver Road Wedge Road West River Road West Road Westmoreland Lane Winkle � Way Woodside Road Total Milage TQ.BLE 42 (Coni.) Right of Lengi:h {�awement Way in Miles Width Feet Feet Shou1der� 4Ji dth Feet 49.5 .10 18 6 49.5 .61 10 2 49.5 1.20 18 6 49.5 .27 20 6 49.5' 1.63 20 2 49.5 .49 12 2 49.5 .07 20 2 49.5 1.21 16 5 49.5 .22 14 2 49.5 .16 16 5 49.5 NA NA NA 49.5 1.85 16 5 49.5 .14 16 5 49.5 .07 16 6 49.5 .22 12-14 4-6 49.5 .20 16 6 49.5 .10 14 4 49.5 •.23 12-16 2-6 49.5 .4 20 b 49.5 .15 14- 2 49.5 .20 16 6 49.5 2.55 10 1 49.5 .20 18 5 49.5 .13 16 1-6 • 49.5 1.01 16 6 49.5 .13 18 2 49.5 1.90 10-20 1-5 49.5 .43 18 5 49.5 .20 12 1 49.5 .90 14 3 49.5 .2 20 6 49.5 2.10 49.5 3.83 16 6 49.5 .50 16 6 49.5 1.01 8-16 1-5 49.5 .70 16 5 49.5 1.60 13 5 49.5 1.35 16 4 49.5 .17 18 2 49.5 .71 15 5 49.5, � .31 8 1 49.5 .10 18 0 49.5 .19 20 1 49.5 .17 18 2 • 49.5 .13 18 b 49.5 .22 10 1 49.5 .87 16 2 49.5 .71 8-14 1-4 49.5 .27 16 6 49.5 .25 20 6 49.5 .14 18 5 66.53 105 Chapter 9 OPEN SPADE AND RECREATION :1ll.vxwxww�► Open space and recreational facilities are an integral part of land use patterns. Having such facilities in adequate proportions promotes general community welfare and health, is valuable in aiding in education; and can contribute to the economic well being of a community. The continuing trends in upward mobility of people with higher incomes has greatly increased the amounts of leisure time available and has created increased demands upon open space and recreational facilities. The designation of open areas can benefit the population in ways not readily appreciated. Open space can serve to protect water and air quality, prevent erosion and run-off, and minimize flood damage. Recreational areas can stimulate the economy of an area by attracting tourists and vacationers.. Another economic advantage is that recreational areas attract customers for the sale of recreational commodities. 1 When combined with other measures, recreational and open,space planning ,can prevent an over -developed and crowded area. For the purposes of this report'the following definitions are used,l OPEN SPACE is an outdoor area where the natural landscape has not been modified or where small scale improvements are provided to enhance the enjoyment of the natural landscape. PUBLIC RECREATION is an outdoor area provided by any unit of Federal, State,k County or local government for recreation. Public recreation includes municipal or school playgrounds, small children's play areas (tot lots), community parks (i.e. local, County or State parks) or open space areas in public ownership (i.e. state forest lands or nature preserves): PRIVATE RECREATION is the provision by the private sector (individuals, churches, corporations, clubs, etc.) of an outdoor area for recreation for the general public. Private recreation may or may not be for profit and includes golf courses, camping grounds, small private lakes, game farms and riding stables for which,a user fee is assessed. In this publication open space and recreation are combined into one form to broadly describe all the above definitions. 1Joseph DeChiara and Lee Koppelman, Urban Planning and Design Criteria (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1975). 106 KECREATAONAL NEEDS Because Cortlandville has no town -owned recreational fagilities, it may be helpful to evaluate the need for such facilities by reviewing some acceptable critera. In 1970 the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, Department of the Interior, designed a chart which sets forth the "desirable" number of facilities per 1,000 persons. The determination of recreational needs for the Town will be based mainly upon Table 43 which contains the applicable standards. Though the standards propose the minimum number of facilities, it would not be realistic to rigidly meet or be limited by the standards, since some value judgements will need to be made based upon the community and its lifestyle. The method for determining Cortlandville's need$ wilj be accomplished by applying the standard for each recreational activity against the Town's population and existing facilities. This is done in Table 43. Th e statistical analyses which follows was caYGulatpd using the population figures from 1970. Each passing year will increase the need for these facilities in proportion to the in population.. At the same time there will be a corresponding increase in demands for housing and industrial and commercial land. This makes land more expensive and land for recreational uses more difficult to purchase. 107 TABLE 43 OPEN SPACE AND RECREATIONAL NEEDS TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE Standard Applied To Cortlandville Existing 1970 Activity Standard 1970 Population Facilities Needs Neighborhood 2.5 Acres per 1,000 15 Acres 2 Acres 13 Acres Park Persons Archery 1 Stand per 1,000 6 Stands 0 6 Stands Persons Basketball 1 Court per 500 12 Courts 1 Court 11 Courts Persons Boating 1/4 Acre per 1,000 1,5 Acres 0 1.5 Acres Persons Canoeing 1/2 Mile per Canoe N.A Biking 1 Mile per 1,500 4 Miles 0 4 Miles Persons Camping 10 Acres per 1,000 60 Acres 43 Acres 17 Acres Persons Equestrian No Standard N.A. 1 Stable Golf 1-10 Acre Course per 0 2 Courses 35,000 Persons Picnicking 16 Tables per 1,000 96 Tables 50 Tables 46 Tables Persons Skating 1 Site per 1,500 4 Sites 1 Site 3 Sites Persons Softball 1 Site per 3,000 2 Sites 1 Site 1 Site Persons Tennis 1 Court per 2,000 3 Courts 0 3'Courts Persons a The above activities are recommended for a given population. It is entirely possible that some of these activities are not appropriate or desirable in a specific population or community. It is up to the Town to decide which activities will be of maximum benefit to its residents. This chart serves only as a guide for determining recreational needs. Source; U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, 1970 Prepared by; Cortland County Planning Department, Jul.y,1976 108 ... a I _�'.,'., t n..I'';I• 0 jJiin'Jn:6_'jWfJI-'y�i�, 4 .rt�rw rt % ij r• - ---- -- The population projections for the Town, are shown in the following table, For more detailed informatio rn on population, see Chapter 4. TABLE 44, POPULATION PROJECTIONS TORN OF CORTLANDUILLE Year Population Increase 1970 (U.S. CENSUS) 6070 1980 7339 1,2.69 (20.0%) 1990 88p4 1,465 (20.0%) 2000 104439 1;635 (18.6%) These population projections for Cort1andville reveal that the Town will have a total growth from 1970 to the turn of the century of about 72 percent or 4,369 additional persons. Judging from a comparison pf the needed activities in Table 43, and the above population projections, bikeways, basketball; skairing, tennis and community parks seem to require the most urgency, Bikeways - During the past few years there has been a general increase. in bicycle use. This increase seems to have occurred mainly among adults in suburban and urban areas where people have found this form of transportation a beneficial exercise and less costly for short trips, In Cort1andvil1e many roads are available for establishing public bicycle routes, De1inea,ting bicycle routes can help, to make bicycling Safer, especially on the more travelled roads. The 1970 need for bicycle routes is four miles and this will increase to seven miles by the year 2.000. Basketball Courts/Skating Rinks - These activities are presented together because many times outdoor basketball courts cap be iced .over in winter to provide skating rinks. Basketball is a very popular summer sport and Cortlandville meets less than 10 percent o�P the suggested minimum. .The interest in the sport is, evidenced by year round league$ with participants from the entire County. The 1970 need is for e]even basketball courts and three ice skating sites and this will increase to a need of twenty basketball courts and five skating sites by the year 2QQ0. 109 Tennis There is a definite need for tennis facilities in Cortlandville since thereare none presently. The only courts,in the immediate area are the property of the State University of New York. Though they are available to the public, the personnel and students have priority in using the courts and they are in constant use. The Town should consider constructing several courts., throughout the Town. The 1970 need is for three courts and this will increase to five courts by the year 2000. Community.Park ®According to a 1972 Recreation Inventory compiled by the Cortland County Planning Board,2 the Town of Cortlandville has two acres devoted to a park (at BOCES - McEvoy Center). Using the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation standard of 2.5 acres per 1,000 persons, the Town presently needs fifteen acres of park .land and will need twenty-six acres by the year 2000, Community Parks are recreational areas offering a variety of facilities primarily for the use of the local residents. Parks can range in size from small tot lots with a service radius of less than 1/4 mile to very large parks with a service radius of many miles. Such parks are designed to service various populations, depending upon the nature of the park, and have such facilities as play equipment, volleyball, tennis, shuffleboard, horse shoes, an.open area for lawn bowling, picnic areas with shelters, and public rest rooms, and may also include special facilities such as swimming pools. It is necessary to determine which types of parks are necessary and to begin acquiring land, since the price of land continually inflates and never decreases, There are several sites that appear to be desirable areas for major parks: The first area is on the tiorth side of Hoxie's Gorge on the west side of the State University College at Cortland's lands. This is a wooded valley with a stream which flows into Hoxie's Gorge. There are flat areas adaptable for camping, picnicking and recreational activities. The second area is on Kinney Gulf RoaU around the junco ®n of Blue Greek and Dry Creek. This partially forested land has sizeable flat areas for playfields, picnicking and recreational activities. 2 Recreation Inventory: Cortland County, 1972, Cortland County Planning Board. 110 The third area is known as Brown's Gorge located between Carr Hill Road and Hobart Hill Road. The area is partially forested and fd11y forested along the gorge 'stream. The best potential for this area is picnicking and hiking along the natural gorge area. The fourth area is located between New York State Route 281 and Luker Road and contains Otter Creek. This area has great potential for a community park, because of the relatively level land. It should be able to accommodate most types of active and passive recreation. This area can also serve as an open space buffer to the south of the Airport and also can serve for flood plain control along Otter Creek. The fifth area is located south of U.S. Route 11 to the west of the Village of McGraw and is known as the Trout Brook area. This area has relatively level land and should accommodate most forms of active and passive recreation. This area can also serve for flood plain control. The sixth area is the Chicago Bog area located in the triangle formed by Gracie Road, Lime Hollow Road and New York State Route 13. This area is best suited for nature':conservation, but most forms of passive recreation can be accommodated. The seventh area is the Tioughnioga River between U.S. Route 11 and Interstate 81 north of the City. This area is relatively level, is suitable for most types of active and passive recreation, and can also serve for flood plain control. The eighth area is along the Tioughnioga River from Polkville southward to the Town line. This could serve as a large linear park, with areas that can accommodate most forms of active and passive recreation, as well as being a j flood control area, These eight locations represent possible locations for a major, Town park. The Town should also consider the possible location of smaller tot lots and neighborhood parks in residential areas to serve the,daily'needs of children and persons with lower mobility. 111 j.�... '' 1 `. The Town, exclusive of the City and Villages, has today, just as it did when the previous plan was completed, a diversified land use pattern which includes residential, commercial, industrial, recreational and a large variety of open land uses. The bulk of •the Town's growth has occurred • north, west, and south of the City ofi Cortland. This can be easily seen os�i Map 11, Land Use® The eastern portion of the Town on the other hand, ex� eluding the Village of McGraw, has experienced very little development. Thi, primary reasons for this are,the hilly topography and poor drainage. �bth ®.f these items are frequently associated with open space areas but are limi%�� ing factors for development. One significant item concerning land use is the abundance of space devoted to agricultural uses. Table 45 and Figures 9 and 10 indicate the major changes which have occurred in the last ten years since the 1966 _____.__ _ __ _Co__mprehensive Plan was published. The major land use category, which has changed signi�ficantly.in the.las�� ten years but still dominates, is the amount of land which is devoted to sparsely settled uses such as agriculture, open space, woodlands and vacant land. In 196fi, when the previous land use plan was completed, the farmlands, water areas;. woodlands and marshland; and vacant land constituted 9U. 3,perc�,�r��. of the total, while in 1975 the same types of uses occupy 83.7 percent of the' • total area, which in acreage represents a change of approximately�2,000 acr°�� (Table 45 )® 0 OCCUPIED LANDS Residential One family Two family .. Three or more families Business Commercial Automatic Industry. Public, Semi Public & Institutional -`: Electrl c & Gas Uti 1 i ty �� Railroads Recreation & Entertainment Golf Clubs. Cemeteries . Streets � Highways SUBTOTAL OCCUPIED AREA OPEN SPACE LANDS Farmland Rural Residential Land (10 + acres) and Estates Woodland & Marsh1and State Forest Water Area vacant . SUBTOTAL OPEN SPACE AREA TOTAL TOWN AREA TABLE 45 INVENTORY OF LAND USE, 1966a & 1975b Acres of Land 1966 1975 Percentage of Occupied. Land 1966 1975 �_ �_. � ,, f, .,, 949.0 , 1735.6 31.6 34.3 3.07 5.59 25.1 35.6 .8 .7 .08 .11 10.4 44.4 .3 .9 .03 .14 85.5 344.0 2'8 6.8 '27 1.11 42.9 1.4 .14 21.0 73.8 .7 1.5 .07 .24 210.1 387.9 7.0 7.6 .68 1.25 301.2 721.5 10.0•. 14.3 .97 2.32 ®® 31.3 -- .6 ®_ .10 106.7 33.6 3.6 .6 .34 .11 ®- 338.3 _- 6.7 -- 1.09 101.2 3.4 3.4 -� .33 -m 38.5 1.3 -- .12 ®® 1114:4 1315.0 37.1 26.0 3.60 4.24 3®06.0 5061..0 100 100 9.70 16.30 18,214.0 15,102.8 58.81 48.66 -- 3,055.0 -- 9.84 6,943.0 -- 22.42 ®. -- 87.3 -- .28 342.0 349.0 1.10 1.13• 2,471.0 7,384.9 7.97 23.79 27,970.0 25,979.0 90.30 83.7 30,976.0 31,040.0 100 100 '.�. .Town of Cortlandville - 1966 Comprehensive Development Plan, p. 58. .b. Cortland County Real Property Tax Service Department, Assessment Rolls, December 1, 1975. 113 lusl�e Pkit ®tiv I�d�st�a ,eside,�tgal ,Nbc Put t�t�0nal bli°' & Ips s Water .Areas Ra1�r°ads �°1f ubs Cemeteries s, ,y,.") Old a/ C°moecc%lal 8usoloe & Aut°m°t;ve EI016 lU Industry al 0 _Publ A C PUbl i c' t tuts °nal a Ins ),later Areas 0. o *z Electrl ds Gas 9 Fta*l roa �o a ReCre Erie t inment Q State F °rest owl SERGE, p G��N TAS' S'ER��GES GaR� L PR®PER1� RE l��rrcl a.i�.@.; :�irry'lo��f'amily hrJtrtesy si:r°c�r�ts acrd hir�lrways; arid, pull ic;� �;,,rni., Intl -,'Iia_; arrcl institutional uses i�rese three account fcJr a`Imc�;�i� 7EY Issad,.E��°a�t�, rr'r �irc� c,rr:r;upiod lar`rdul 1tE:SlUE,IU`i�iA�. llra-�t;a9i�Y�1 a,rara�un�l; rrr' lard classified as rrsid�®ntircl �in tlrr, .`I`cawrr laas�, ��ltnar���, rla�rth'led in 19Fr;�i f.,cr 1�i15 acres (50�%) in 1975, wh`i�:h r°epi°r�;�;earri;<n �+ri in�;r°r-;�c��a� a��r �1:3(� ar�r°es,. As a poY°tion of the oc�;upied land, i�°�;�idr.aad;�pi.l rt��a_yEv Q_:,�rrar;i:ii;aatr; 35x9 pr�rc:en'a; oaf i:he land today as compar°r�cl to ����7 fir,,,°b:�;�ar�. ira I��i�tY I�lai�, irrc;rc�ase 'is a r°c�sLr1t of the subr�tan°Dial nuti�l�c�r° err ��dacn�'1�: ifrru'd l.y laa�taac=:.� �iarilt in �i.he wesi:or°n p�a.rt cif the i�ovdra ar�arl �I:6ac� sr,ar��r��a"I 1,a,°�1,, -cl�e�r°taarc3rrt r;untploxes which have been constructed west o�`r° l;hc�: �.i`in,y ��lirratx �9r��gr Vrri°I� �,l..a're soots 1 � (iornpkirrs Street Extension) a� C�trc; ftrid �,wo�t'aamily homes and mobilo hcrm�s, depic�terl afJ 'Iir6J rMa°�.E . � ' �% ItE�4b I dabrr i� i �r1 acrd Mr�bi 1 e Nome Parks on the Land Use Map, ac.cr�un�i; i�"ryr° ��✓ Ijn:���E,� :, ('11�1��1 arv:r°os) u�f' the residential `land rtes cat�gou°y� i'Iris dc:sv�la�I�r�a�.wa'r�. g�rt�r��c l 1y i��cl l s i n`tc� ono of three pa tterns o i`he rna,�ori i,y o�f" �ia�rat��� �;;r . 8 n 0r .,, 6..f.;�Bi irN :�rtF�div lti�;ic�r`��, wort and southwes°'r,. o�f the City, with `l:ho r^oln�airi7ng ay�g'�� � �, I�r;i rr�, ��cir,lter, ;�catterr�d si rrg1 emfami ly homes which ex6r i bi t no part i cat I e_a-- I,°' N: i.�}�;,,, . or° E, � r°'1 �� l:,yl)�y Bevel c�pmertt a1 ong the n�aa,�o,r° hi ghwa,ys a MucNl� of" i:Iri s 'I'i ra�:i4 �° dov��`lr:r�jrur:r�`r, h�c��: c�t_r�;aarr°ed along Routes l3, 231 , and ��2 west cyr t,h�D s; � p�i�,, F�rrui;e". 'I1 grad ��r) nc�riri�a ref the city sand Kontos 11 ar�d 41 oas�a~ rpt Gor�i.I.�k�E��. 1`1 -arc; rc.,tir�ci rri nil residential categoroy i s mu'l 'ti pl e fami l,y � Nigh It��rg-.: I a,,�o 1���;� orlr�rtini�.'i A�rr .l:hc hand Use Map, use where the str°ractures c��r�r>�irir.lii�G:�: ,�a,, aiir7re farm l i�:�:�. 'this t°ypo o�f land use has i nc.reased tremeridorr ply i rr e.4i�-= �i �a�, fora yc;:cv°�;u 'Crr l!3t7�there wore only 1U,4 acres of land devrate�9 c�.c, ,4uac'� E.d,. .I°a�tnlly u��c,,, `i�oday �i�ortr times as many aacres, for�t,y�iuur9 arc a_t`C:iI.I.k-^sr ��a rr+u1r,'i'�-"r'rrtnlly rlLvolc�frmerr°ts<. Most of this incr°ease is due to liar 1�.►����� +�.sanp�l;;-;:��-s, 'd '1915 I.arid use calculations were derived t'r°r�m �rD.he Prcie.iatir°i�:�� tyla�. f:l�c��ifia:�ation Codes utilised by the Office. v�f'_ Rea.l. I`�r°a�I�,d;r'l.,�y:.� s,a-��: `�e�fi�vi cep.; and. Aerdal Photos 'f1 own i n 1913 �, 195G �r:t�oage calculations wire based on the Fc�llowiri��a �;irr±�l�;; i!°,rc� l�"�:crari'ly Qr.rtd rnr�ltiple family dwel`Iings in o�Je�t land eLana��ti�rcY���°,. dk�.�;arl�l��fi lol.�� in Jubdivisions, 1/� acre; trai'ler�s, c�rao acr°c® I t�%� I.arrrl Usa� was based an the actual ac,rcago for° a givcarr a,�,.��,.,.a�irw�`"�a' na'; a:rlp�;t�irre�_i f'r°c�rrt the Office of" Real Property iax c�er°v►r,esa !.!r�dr�r° i,∾ ryy;;�A�c=�nl: �=,yst�tn.�a �f'arm house would nr�t be �;lassific�d resirl�rii;i�cl. Yrr's',ag��:d��.11 rrf the acr°eagra ori a 'Far°trr, irrcludiny the land �r.;°c�a-trr�I �-.oc,° Irarrtso, wr,r.tlrl lie classified as agriculture Conversc`1.y9 i f �� Nrc�u��E� wa.a�; I,i+,�ci;cwcl arrr a IJ��r�;el which was l e7 acres in sire, �i:he.n `i:irr� ��rri�.ir°a� 1 , �' o�r;i'°cs i�sr�uld be rr�sidential . 116 • located West of the City, between Ro�ate� 13 and the Lehigh Valley Railroad right-of-way, and south of the City on Pendl�Qton Street Extension and on Kellogg,: Road . Most of the residential: structures are in sound condition, as less than 5 percent have been classified as substandard.3 For a more complete description of the housing characteristics of Cortlandville see Chapter 4 COI+RMERCIAL Commercial uses account fbr 6.8 percent o•P the occupied or committed land and l.11 percent of the total land in the Town. �Commercia1 and business uses were two different categories in 1966 ,accounting for approximately 125 acres. These uses have grown significantly in the last tep years as commercial aca�eage has increased by 219 acres to 344. The major part of this growth, including such uses as dining establishments, warehouses, retail services, offices, etc., has occurred along Routes 13, 281 and 222 west and southwest of the City. ' In 1966 automotive uses accounted for 21 acres (.7%) of the occupied land or .07 percent of the total Town acreage, as compared to 74 acres (1.5%) •of the acreage in 1975. Although this type of use is a pori;ion of the com- mercial category, it has been listed separately because in 1975 it was the largest consumer of con�nercia1 land in the Town. The general automotive uses, such as service stations and repair garages, are scattered throughout the Town in the same general locations as other commercial uses. The auto- motive dealerships, on the other hand have two general locations, Route 281 west of the City, and Route 13 (Tompkins Street Extension) southwest of the City. When automotive uses are added to the commercial land use the total corrrnercia1 acreage is raised to 418, representing 8.3 percent of the occupied land in the Town. ' � ;. Industrical uses represent approximately 7.7 percent of the occupied land in the Town. These uses have grown from 210 acres to 388, representing an increase of 54 percent. Industrial sites are located in two maj.®r areas. One is the Routes 281 and 13 corridor west of the City where Monarch Took. ,Smith Corona, Overhead [door and Pall Trinity Micro are located. The other area is southeast of the City near the Tioughnioga River where Wilson Sportm ing Goods, 8uckbee Mear°s and the former Chris Craft plant ar.e located: The 3Housinq Market Ana lysis, _Interim Report, prepared by Planning/Environmental Research Consultants for the C®r°tland County Planning Board, June 30, 1975, p . 31 . 117 ndiustrlal category includes manufacturing and processing (1YJ—&cre-s,;m, nining and quarvying (165 acres) and junk operations (25 acres). nd not vlqhts,L40 ",way, account for 31 acres (.6%) of the occupied land. The ights"ofu4way are usually associated with other land uses such as open space •e ' in Chapter included .. . i therefore they are not pppd°���imatoly ��acres (.7%) of the occupied land is owned by the wail roads, a 'large doc kr3easo from the 107 acres which were so classified in 1960. Two railrocids iwcouvit Vor the acreage in this cateogry. . The Lehigh Valley Railroad from fthaca runs From the southwest to the north central part of the Town, avid the Erie"Lackawanna Line (Binghamton to Syracuse), runs from the southeast to the: north central part of the Town. Pukrlica sw�r�i�public and institutional lands acc®unt for 721 acres (14.x%) occupied land, an increase from 301 acres in 1966. The larger uses n this category include the 1.nd Natio a. (100.54 cres)4 the water supply sites (147 acre�s), the State University (74.4 acres), 6he County Airport (90 acres), and the County Home (111.8 acres. Adt=; litionally the State avid Town highway garages, the County Fairgrounds and other overnmental sites are in this category, along with churches, grange ,ahalls,u► ic buildings, schools, etc. + distribution throughout rown in indeed heterogenous, as there are approximately fifty locations within R f �CCRLpI'Tt)N pNf) EN`I'E k`j°pIN�iENT In ten years this category has more than tripled from 1pl acres in 1966 roup Today this group vincludes three golf courses, riding in theater,, bowling a nd other recreational uses. These uses are scattered in various locatior7s thr°oughout the Town. It should be noted that despite the increased growth within this and the preceeding category the Town does not 'd have a municipally rawriw�l par°k. 11 E:1 )f State, County and local Jurisdictions. This has increased slightly to •�313 acres in ' 1 highways equaled 37 perw :ent of the land in 1966, while in 1975 they represent 26 percent. A more Jetailed examiniation of the highway system can be found in Chapter Fhis section on streets and r concludes the descriptive 1 those, been classified as occupied • 1 • iaining sections of this chapter will describe those land uses which have been broaeily classified as open space. In 19i'5 about 15,000 acres (49%) o•F the land was occupied by farming. These lands were used for cropland, pasture,.open,fields, wood lots and other agricultural uses. In 1966, farm land occupied about 18,000 acres or 59 percent of the Town. The dwindling acreage in farm land can be attributed to the increase in residential, commercial, industrial and other forms of development, r NVATUARM acant, However, much of this increase can be attributed to a change,in the efinition of vacant land, Vacant and unused land at that time was, 1 part,r the ost areas excessive topography 4 1/+ soil conditions. Ti s vacant, IMS included unused Tand n various categories s�uc as resli :ommercial, industrial, agricultural, etc. For example, if a large farm was inused its land use classification would be vacant not agricultural, Except for the lakes in the Otter Creek Valley, most of the 350 acres in this category consists of those portions of the Tioughnioga River and its tributaries which lie within the Town boundaries, There is,also a small por tion of the finger Lakes drainage basin in the southwest portion of the Town. There are 87 acres of State forest in the Town, representing 3 percent •IF the Town, - remaining wood land is held in private ownership ,r;4 as been incorporated into the land use classification under vacant land, arm land and large lot rural residential development, Within these types If use, there are about ten to eleven thousand acres of wooded land.# This arshland which existed in 1963, Much of the increased forest land has ndoubtedly resulted from the decrease in farm land. nd estates consisting of luxurious home 0 s, usually with auxiliary buildings9 •n lots i. or more acres.The primary land • for both of , ications is residential and not agricultural.. In the terminology of the ensus material these units would be classified as rural nonAfarm. There are pproximately 3050category. and categorized as agriculture may have been large lot residential development. onsequentlys, some of thedecrease agriculturali from 1966 to 1975 can F ccounted for by ' 1 i southwestpace uses such as farmland, woodland, and vacant land, Approximately 84 pe ent of the Town is devoted to these nonIIIIIIintensive uses, while 16 percent of ortlandville is more densely developed. The majority of this committed Ian Is west and •" . • basicallyfollows . i, patterni, • he major Because the Town is expected to continue its growth at a fairly rapid rate, It chleve a rational balance between growth and open space, One method of accom" •lishing this goal is to carefully implement theDevelopment' This i entation can be achieved • y e of • ordinance, subdivision egulationst building and housing codes,i" programt it greaterIfficial map, These implementatio,,n techniques will be explained in •etall in Chapter 13. A The utilization of these various techniques will encourage the separation of conflicting land uses and provide for the optimization of services. l�6(LAND USI$, r.�t-`r INr r �c�N�0 Residential All dwellings, including farm dwellings, were given an arbitrary lot area for computing the total amount of Cortland residential class'ifi•Y cation. Single, two® -family or multiple family dwellings in open land, 1 acre; occupied lots in subdivision, '? a.cre% trailers, 1 acre. Retail business - Such things as stores, restaurants, drive - ins (food and theater), office structures, trailer parks, motels, miniature golf, etc. Automotive - This category includes gasoline service stations <7nd garages. Commercial - Thi s category i nr,l ucles such things as machinery and vehicle sa'I es , equipment: sales and service lumber yards, golf driving ranges, etc. Industrial - This cate�gar~y includes such things as manufac:turiny, mineral extraction, salvage yards, asphalt plants, etc. Public, Semi-Pt.iblic, Iris titutional - This category includes such items as Town, County and State land, churches, schools, granges,public huildings, etc. Golf Gluts - No def'inition needed Streets and Highways - No definition needed Farmland - This category includes such things as cropland, pasture, open field, et:c. Farm wood lots ... were in all probability included in other categories... Woodland and Marshland - This category includes such things as woods and swamps.. Many of the wooded areas within this category are farm wood lots, and as such, could be included in agricultural use. Water - This includes lakes and streams. Vacant - This is vacant and unused land, and for the most part is caused by areas of excessive topography and poor soil condition. 1975 LAND USE DEFINIi'IONS Residential - Land includes the actual acres of land used for housing purposes ranging from very °low density rural residential lots of more than ten acres to very high density development in the City of Cortland. Depending on density these land uses are classified as residential or rural residential and used in conjunction with a farm house is agricultural land use. Commercial - Commercial land includes land which is used in commerce F or the buying and selling of goods such as retail outlets, wholesalers and warehouses, Automotive uses are a subsection of the commercial sector covering gasoline and sarvice stations. a. Definitions derived from Town of Cortlandvil1e - Comprehensive Development Plan, 1966, pp. 59-63. 122 1 Industry - Industrial land includes land used in the production of goods or resources such as fabricating, assembling and mining. Public, Semi -Public, Institutional Electric & Gas Utility & Kai Iroads4 go k These community service type lands are generally government owned land used for public buildings such as government Centers, schools, highway garages, water and sewer facilities, etc. Public services land includes land ®weed by Public utilities such as electric, gas and telephone companies,.railroads, etc. Recreation & Entertainment - Recreation and entertainment land 1s generally privately owned land which is used for sports, entertainment or recreational uses such as theatres, bowling alleys, ski slopes, campgrounds, golf courses, etc. Streets & Highways - Highway and streets includes land owned by the government fpr providing rights�gf_way for vehicular and pedestrian traffic. Farmland - Agricultural land includes lands used in the production of food either directly or indirectly, such as:Pcropland, pasture land, dairy farms, truck farms,etc. This category also includes forest land which is part of a farm operation and some rural residential land which is still classified.as agricultural. State Forest - Wild, forested, conservation lands and public parks are lands priv marily owned by the government for the purpose of retaining them in° a wild state or for reforestation or for ecological purposes. Included also are publicly owned parks for recreational purposes and privately owned game preserves and hunting clubs. Vacant Vacant land includes unused land in various categories such as residential, commercial, industrial, etc. 0 123 i PI�ANN �NCa GpAI�S The Development Plan for the Town of Cortlandville is based upo�n� a statement of planning goals. A goal, as referred to in the Pian, is defined as a description of the ideal future toward which the Town is striving and it serves as a guide for decisions on the development of the Town during the next twenty years. These goals and the Development Plan set the framework for the future land use patterns of the'Town. They are to be adopted simultaneously by the Planning Board and are recommended to the Town Board for its adoption as standards for the future development of Cortlandville. Presented below are the Planning Goals for the future Development of Cortlandville, as prepared by the Town Planning Board and the Citizen`s Advisory Committee. General Goals 1. Encourage the development of an attractive environment for living, .working and playing in the Town of Cortlandville. r . �- • �. Encourage the preservation of the Town's most valuable farm lands and soils in order to preserve the rural farm character of the Town. 5. Encourage a sufficient supply of decent homes in suitable enviroh- meats within economic reach of all residents of the Town. Residential Development Goals 1. Encourage the concentration of new residential development in those parts of the community most economically served by new roads and extensions of utiiities and community facilities. 2. Relate new residential development to topography and existing soil conditions, with special consideration of storm water drainage problems and the adequacy of existing utilities. 124 3. Protect existing residential neighborhoods from encroachment by incompatible land uses such as junk yards, used car lots. 4. Encourage residential development only in those areas so identified in �th� Town's Development Plan, thereby developing the Town in a logical and rational manner. Commercial Development Goals 1. Discourage the indiscriminate spread of retail uses into residential neighborw hoods and the extension of endless commercial ribbon development along the highways. 2. Encourage the development of retail and commercial uses to take place in those areas identified in the Town's Development Plan. 3. Encourage the design of the building and the surrounding landscaping to blend in with the rural farm character of the Town and the area in which located. 4. Discourage the use of large illuminated signs in commercial areas., Instead, encourage the use of small standardized signs in a given commercial area. Industrial Development Goals 1.. Discourage the indiscriminate spread of industrial uses into the prime agricultural lands of the Town. 2. Encourage industrial development to take place in those areas identified in the Development Plan for the Town'. 3. Discourage the type of industrial development that would have an adverse effect on the Town's environment, including air quality, water resources, land resources, wildlife, etc. Transportation Goals 1. Encourage the development of a minimum of additional miles of new highways that will provide efficient traffic circulation and easy accessibility t;o, all parts of the Town identified in the Development Plan as future growth areas. 2. Encourage the separation of pedestrian and vehicular circulatiop, especially in those areas near schools and centers of community interest. 3. Encourage the development of bikeways and trails in the Town as an alternative to the automobile in warmer seasons of the year. This type of transportation facility should be encouraged to connect residential areas with commercial and empl®yment areas within the Town. 4. Improve the accessibility of the existing road pattern to�the proposed areas for development and at the same time protect the community from the adverse effects of such facilities. 125 Community Facilities and Services ,Goals 1. Encourage the improvement of existing utilities and discourage their extension into new areas other than the growth areas identified in. Development Plan. 5. Encourage the protection of natural resources for their best use for agriculture, conservation and recreation. MAINTENANCE OF DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1�. Review and reevaluate the Development Plan on a periodic basis of every 3-5 years, in order to reflect current trends and new information available concerning the growth of the Town. CHAPTER 12 CORTLANDVILLE DEVELOPMENT PLAfJ INTRODUCTION The purpose of the Town Development Plan is to provide a guide and a goal for the future development of Cortlandville during the next twenty years. The process of preparing the development plan in 1966 initiated planning as a necessary function of Town government and it has continued as a method of achieving community goals through the years. As the Town continues to grow during the next twenty years, planning will havE the ever increasing role of guiding this growthinto the appropriate areas, as shown on the Development Plan Map, thus resulting in a pleasant cor.�munit,y in which to live, work and play. The comprehensive planning process used in the developrnent of the Town Plan has four basic stages: a statement of goals; basic research; plan preparation; and, plan implementations �� tw '*'� � The first stage, a general statement of community goals, allows the Town to express the general values and goals oi' the citizens regarding future develop- ment. Through a statement of goals, future development policies can be formed by the Town and used to establish programs and projects. The second stage of the planning process involves collecting and analyzing all pertinent information about the Towri prior to developing any plans. This is accomplished through the review of certain basic studies which include: existing land use; population projection; finances; economic base; existing 127 community facilities; open space and recreation; and, the highway system. After the information is collected, each element is carefully analyzed to reveal the present needs and problems of the Town. Once the goals have been stated, and the basic research completed, the preparation of a plan begins by balancing the goals against the research, resulting in a plan for the future growth of the Town. This plan should not be considered as a rigid framework or as a legally binding document. Rather, it is a document adopted by the Town to serve as a guide to decisions made about the physical development of the community. It indicates iri a general way how the Town should develop during the next twenty years. ThE� p1 an must be considered as a living instrument, subject to change as the conditions upon which it is based change or become more fully known. bJhile the Development P'1 an for Cortlandville is designed fora period of twenty years, policies at the local, State or Federal level are ever- changing and can materially affect the planning for° this area and its people. For example, the changing economic conditions, such as ins"lotion and Urlemploy- ment,have effects upon Cortlandville and many of i;heir causes are riot fully understood at this time. Therefore, continuous planning muse be a process and +.he Development Plan should be periodically reviewed aL three to five year intervals by the Town Planning Board to ensure that the Plan has a close relationship with current conditions. If the Town Development Plan is viewed as a directive for° future growth, as it should be, its success will depend upon the way it is imple- mented. The Town of Cortlandville will be implementing the Plan in the fourth stage of the planning process, and a variety of legal "tools" for Plan implementation will be available, These include zoning and subdivision regulations, housing and building codes, the Official Map, and the Capital Improvement Program. This. report does not deal with these land use controls except for the Official Map. In the next year or' so, the Town will begin a program to .review these tools, so that Cortlandville will continue to be planned as an attractive place in which to live, work and play. 128 LAND USE INTRODUCTION The primary goal of the Development Plan is to encourage the develor�ment of an attractive environment for living, working, and playing in the mown of Cortlandville. Its major objective is to guide decisions to the most favorable development of the Town through cooperation of public and private efforts. i'���e Development Plan leads the way toward the establishment of lzrr�d ease pat;terrrs that are basically in accord with the desirab'ie standar°cls for �t.he intensity of develop- ment as wel 1 as with the 1 ocati on of botf7 exi ,ting a.nci prapo>�cMd community favi 1 i - ti es and services . Therefore, the Devel opmen�t Plan r��r��cuur•ages a rer�sonabl e and rational land use pattern by selecting locations besr.. sr�iteci �i'or a. particular use. (Map 12). Simi 1 ar to the Town ° s 1966 P1 an , the 1 argesi: 1 anti rgse ca teyory recommended in this revised Plan is agricultural, situated primarily in the eastern section of the Town due to its physical topography and iF:s separ�atiun from the rest of the Town by Interstate £31. This reGonimendation reflects tlpFt Town's general goal of encouraging the preservation of farm lands in order i.o preserve the r�ur^al farm character of the Town. One way in which the Town can achieve the goal oi' preserving tNre rural farm character in the remaining sections of the Town (particularl,y the western) is to use a'�lanYring concept which encourages intensive residential development adjacent to the boundaries of a city. In this concept, the development; intensity lessens as the distance from the city increases, until a point is reached where the resi- dential merges with the surrounding rural character• of the area. The Development Plan for Cortlandville reflects both this concept ar�d the goad of preserving the rural farm character by recommending that the intensive resicien�%ial grr�wth of the Town be encouraged adjacent to the northern, soutf��err�� rand western boundaries of the City of Cort1 and . The reason for this recommendation is twofold. Firstp the close proximity of this area wi11 allow it to be more accessible to service from either the City or the Town water and sewer facilities. Secondly, the area i� close 'to the City's Central Business District which can accommodate the personal needs of concentra- ted residential developments. 1`L9 The second largest land use category recommended in the Development Plan is residential, which was also the second largest category in the 1966 Plan. Residential uses in this category are identified at varying degrees of density, ranging from one to two dwelling units per acre to five to four- teen dwelling units per acre. Another way in which the Town can achieve the goal o•f preserving its rural character is by controlling new strip commercial activities from devel- oping along the Town's major transportation routes in a ribbon like fashion. The Plan does not propose any new major commercial areas, but •it does for the most part acknowledge the existing commercial areas along New York State Route 281, U.S. Route 11 north of the City, and in the area of Polkville. While striving to preserve the rural character of the Town, the Plan cannot overlook the community's economic base. Therefore, the revised Plan takes into account the general goal to encourage the healthy growth and diversification of the community's economic base in order to support a better standard of living for local residents. One of the key economic activities which can improve the standard of living in the Town is industrial activities. The Plan recognizes the existing industrial areas along the northwest side of New York State Route 281 and north of Bennie Road on New York Route 13. However, the Plan recommends for the foreseeable future that new industrial development be encouraged to take place between Polkville and Cortland along the south side of U.S. Route 11 east toexit 10 of the Interstate 81 highway. This area, which has already attracted some industries, is recommended not only for its direct access to the Interstate Highway System (81), but also for its close proximity to the City Sewage Treat- ment Plant adjacent to the City line on U.S. Route 11. In additon to these industrial areas, the Town Planning Board indentified the South Cortland area along N.Y.S. Route 13 as an industrial area and it is reflected on the Plan map as such. Public, semi-public, and open space land uses are dominated by the Chicago Bog area and the U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildl ife Service, (unison Labs.; the Otter Creek area and the City of Cortland watershed; the flood plains along the Tioughnioga River and Trout Brook; and the SUC at Cortland in the southeast corner of the Town and adjacent to the southwest corner of the City. 130 AGRICULTURAL LAND USE Agriculture has always been and will continue to be an important seature in the land use pattern of the Town. Excluding the incorporated areas, £13.i percent or approximately four-fifths of the total Town area is pr�escr�iily farmland, woodland, or marshland. The revised Development Plan combines these three land uses i nto a s i ngl e "agriculture" category and rec:umrnF'nds tha � approx- imately 2,265 acres, or 73 percent of the `Gown, bc� planned ��r�r ��gricul Lural uses. It should be pointed out at this time tP7at many cif the arca.��. �rclenti�fiic,d as woad - lands, marshlands, and areas of excessive s`iope (1!7% or grea�t�;r°) ar°e found in this agricultural category. Consequently, t4�re ar,t:�.aa.�' total at lE,rrid �in this classification available far agricultural pur~suits ire about G�; p+�rcent. This recommendation raises a planning question as to {rr.��,�d the Town will be able to preserve the farmlands and at the same time encaur�.rcle aiev:�l opment during the next twenty years. For example, since 19�ic�, much of the existing farmland has been consumed for more intensive uses such as r��sidencial and ir�dus�&trial developments. As the Town continues to grow, pressure for such dev�:lopments will continue to compete against the preservation of farmlands. 7Fris is clearly seen along the northwestern side of New York State Route 13 from Bennie ftoac9 south to Gracie Road. This area is prime agricultural land, but due 'co developmental pressures it is currently planned for an indus�tri<tl �rrea. In order to achieve the general goal of preserving t6��e f�rrml��nds and the rural character of the Town, while allowing for develcapment, thc� Plan recommends that the Cortlandville Planning Board begin reviewirlg a.rrd s�l;udying thE} various land use planning techniques far 'the preservation of farmland and open space to determine if any of them would be applicable in Cortlandville. Une of the newer land use techniques which should be carefully looked at by the Planning Board is transfer zoning. This concept would allow i,hr: owner of valuable farm- land to cash in�the full market potential of his property wi'cho��� actually devel- oping it. He would do this by selling his development r•ic;{rts to sameone else, who is then allowed to build elsewhere on a tract of land that 'is not prime agricultural land at a higher than normal density. 131 RESIDENTIAL LAND USE The long range residential development goal of the Town's Development Plan is to encourage a sufficient supply of decent homes in suitable environments within economic reach of all residents of the Town. The immediate or short range goal of the Plan, which is recommended as a guide to achieving the long range goal, is to encourage residential development only in those areas so identified in the Town's Development Plan, thereby developing the Town in a logical and rational manner. The planning concept previously presented in the Introduction to this chapter can be utilized here to concentrate the higher residential densities in the areas adjacent to the City of Cortland boundary. As one moves further away from the City, the density of developrnerrt lessens. The primary reason for locating the higher resider�tia1 densitiFs near the City is to provide accessibility to major transportation systems, water and sewer systems, schools and parks, and a variety of other municipa"1 services. The advantages o�f utilizing this concept in the Town of Cortlandville are numerous and some of these are: 1. additional purchasing power is generated to the Central Business District of the City and the existing commercial areas; 2. pressure for residential development in outlying rural areas is lessened; 3. the cost of providing public sewer and water to the new residential areas is reduced. The Development Plan recommends that the intensities of residential use be divided into three basic categories: low density areas; medium density areas; and high density areas. These areas, which are shown on the Development Plan Map, occupy approximately 2,583 acres or about 8 percent of the total land area of the Town. The following foals and considerations were used in developing the three residential land use categories. Residential Development Goal "Relate new residential development to topography and existing soil conditions with special consideration of stormwater drainage problems and of the existing faci1ities." Considerations a. Existing residential patterns and densities (units per acre) as shown on the Existing Land Use Map. 132 b. Land characteristics, such as topography, soils, slope, and other natural features. c. Size and location of undeveloped parcels and their relation- ship to existing centers of activity, to the transportation system, and to surrounding developments. d. The need to provide the opportunity fora variety of housing types such as single-family units, two�and four family duplexes, multi -family units, etc. Low Density Residential Land Use Low density residential land use is defir7ed as less than tiir•ee dwelling units per acre. The Development Plan shows those areas of �ti7c� Town recornmend- ed for low density residential land use. These areas occupy approximately 2580 acres or 8.3 percent of the total land area of 'che 'i'own. The largest area of low density residential use is 1ocai:cd west of Route 281 and north of Route 222. It i nc1 udes Cosrnos Hi 11 Road, Ili ghl a�7d Road and Blue Creek Road. Also included in this low density category °is i:he section of the Town east of Route 281 south o� the Cortland Country CIr.Ab in the vicinity of Bell Drive. This area is approximately 903 acres in size, of which 72 per- cent (650 acres) appears vacant for some type of lova inter7sity residential devel- opment. Another area identified in the Plan as a low density residential area °is located south of Starr Road between the existing trailer c,our•t (Penguin -Starr) and Page Green Road. Out of the approxima°tely 19c3 arras in this tract of land, 150 acres appear vacant and could be used for residential development. The area west of the railroad tracks and east o°�' Pendleton Street Extension, southeast of the City boundary line9is also proposed �I=or low densi°ty residential development. The area is about 350 acres in size and most of it is vacant for future residential development. Two additional areas arc recommended by the Plan for low density residential developments the area south on U. S. Route 11 between Trout Brook and 61odgett Mi11s which cantair7s approxima�i.e1y 50 acres of land, with 25 of these acres available for developrnen°t, and the areas located just north and south of the center of the hamlet of Blodgett Mills. The other major low density areas are found in four locations. The Locust Ave/Route 13 area north of the City is composed o°F about 585 acres the vicinity of Lyneourt Road which has about 82 acres the Lime Hollow/McL_ean Road area of 290 acres9and the area near Pd.Y.S. Rt. ?_22 and Fairview Road which contains about 45 acres. 133 °paLz.LpoLU aq pinoys Weld �uauadoLanaa s,uMoi aye. �L auLLUaa�.ap pinoys pAPoa 6ULuuPLd uMoi age. 6supLd otAq aq; uaam4aq puno� aap S@LOU@4SLSuoouL awos�I °Weld f%lunoo aq4 q;LM �.UMO@a6P UL aaP 4@44 JL auLWJ@4ap 04 PJPOq 6uLUUPLd uMoi aq4 f'q p@MOLA@A aq pLnogs SMAQ asag4 6uPLd a@m@S s,fi4unoo aq; sdoLanap f'oua6d A@M@S fi4unoo aq4 aouo 4nq 6dPW uPLd 4u@wdoLanaa aq4 uo paLjL -4uapL SP@JP aq4 6uL4.')DL@s UL paA@pLsuoo kLLnjam SPM J040PI sLgl 'asn pupl Jo ads 4 sLg4 Aon. aoLnAaS A@Mas AO/pup aa42M oL Lgnd So adfi; mos Aol paau aq4 o asnpoaq 6/�4L9 aq4 off. AasOLo S@L4LSuap Aag6Lq ggLM sMAP LPL4U@PLs8a 6UL4PAgUao -uoo So 4daouoo 941 g4LM 6ULdoal UL SL SLgj, °puPL4ao) SO 44L9 aye. off. fi4LWLxoad @Sola UL pjpn4LS P PUP Wld 4u@wclOLana aq4 fq p@LjL4U@PL uaaq @Aeq 6puPL@ uMoi aq4 So 4uaoaad 8*[ ao 4;@a3P CtS 6U L L2404 6 S AP fi4 L soap Wan LP@w LPa@AOS ° ��PuP L �.o @oal.d„ s Lq sp �L y� LM �� L�uapL opo ay �Py� os 6 spAp�f AP@J PUP apLS 6�.uoAj AOS. coeds gbnoua SPq goLgM 4gAadoad 10 aoaLd p 6uLuMo pup asnoq j�L LLUPJ. @ L6U L s P 6ULUMO sp LAOM a Lq Lssod om4 So gsaq aq4 g4LM aauMOauaoy aq4 apLAOA o4 SP@AP Z'4Lsuap LunLPE)W aq4 SO anLj3@Cg0 844 SL 41 OSMAP 44LSUOP MOL UL paALnhaA sP 40L a6APL p UO 6uLllaMp LQUOL4LpPa�. 944paOjjP 40UUPO ay uagm asnoq So W4 anL}.Puaa}.LP aagq,Oul aaumO@wOq LPLj.ua4od aq4 off. apLnoad off. SL SpaAP fi4LSU@p umLp@W @q4 10 LPO6 LLPAano ayl °aaop Aad S4Lun 6uLLLaMp Anon. off. aaa44 6uLAPq puPL SO sPPA4 SP paULI@p aAP S AP LpL4uapLsaA fi� Lsuap ulnlpaW asp puPl LPL-uaplsad XI .Lsuaa uanlpaW •paAan000 sPy �.uauadolanap LpL�up�.s -gns 4p44 papLnoad =aourtaLpAo 6U[UOZ 6UL4SLxa 044 10 SUOLSLnoad aq4 Aapun papog aq:L 4q p@noaddp fiLLPL4LuL @AaM /@44 sp dolanap o4 SUOLsLALpgns MOLLP PLnoM yoLyM UOLsLA w d ,ssaL(uAPW LOq,, P AapLsuoa 6aoupuLpao 6uLUOZ pasLnaA p 6uL4PLn -uaaoj su L6aq IL UagM 6 p,APOB 6u LUUP Ld uMoi age. WN4 spu@wwOoaA up Ld ayi ' SAPas aaAg4 JO pOLaad P aOl @DUPULpao 6ULuoZ pasLAOA P 40 SUOLSLnoad aq; Loom. (pa;oa; -oad) pa4dwaxa aap ala@L9 f'qunoo a44 SO aoLJjo aq�. UL paLLJ pup paPoa 6uLuuPLd )LLLAPUPL4aO9 aq4 Rq P@noadde SUOLSLALPgns LLP 6V99Z UOL4o0S MPI uMoi a�.P4S �IAOA mON Aapun 64L4uas@Ad °aouPuLpao 6ULuoZ 6uL4SLxa 044 10 SUOLSLnoad aq4 Aapun pAPOU dLaLuuPLd uMol aye. f'q panoaddP uaaq @APq ;nq 6fi4LSu@p MOL sp paLjLssplo aq 4OU kPW goLgM SUOLSLALpgns asog4 ;oa4oAd off. pa4 Ao aq 4snw poq;@w aLgPuosPaA @Loos 66ULuuPLd aan4nl pup 4spd So UOL4PULpa000 AOJ paau 844 @ZLu600aa 01 One major area recommended by the Plan for medium density residential use lies immediately south of the City of Cortland boundary line, between Tompkins Street Extension and Owego Street, north of Starr Road. The approxi® mate size of this area is 96 acres, of which 40 appear to be available for development. Another medium density area lies south of Starr Road along Tompkins Street Extension. P7ost of the 95 acres in this area are presently being used for a mobile home park, with approximately 55 acres avai1ablc for development. The density recommended for this area reflects 'the present intensity of land use. Other major areas are recommended by the Plan for medium density residential use: the areas north and south of Main Street in the hamlet of Blodgett Mills (10 acres with .5 acres available 'For development); the area along Fairview and McLean Roads which is approximately 170 arses in size; Lamor7t Circle, because the existing lot size reflects this level of density (�7 aures in size, of which 3 are available for development); area between U.S. Route 11 and Interstate High- way 81 which runs along East River Road (30 acre) of which 15 appear suitable for development); and, an area north of the City and south of Be11 Drive on either side of Fisher Avenue and an area south of Blue Creek Road and west of N.Y.S. Rt. 281�which consists of 98 acres. High Density Residential Land Use High density residential land use is another alternative recommended by the Development Plan to achieve the long term goal of "encouraging a sufficient supply of decent homes in suitable environments within economic reach of all res- idents of the Town." These areas, as shown on the Plan Map, occupy approximately 64 acres or .2 percent of the total Town area. High density residential land use is defined as an area that would permit a range between five to fourteen dwelling units per acre. ��6�e Development Plan recommends high density residential locations which are based on the State and County Health Code requirements of having both public water and sewer services or direct access to such services for high residential density. Accordingly, there are two areas located in close proximity to the existing municipal services of the City of Cortland which are highly suited for servicing this residential category at the least possible cost to the Town. This recommendation is in agree- ment with the general planning principle discussed throughout this chapter of concentrating the high density areas either close to or adjacent to the central 135 City in order to insure that there are adequate municipal facilities available to service the areas. The intensity of units permitted in high density residential areas should be carefully considered by the Town Planning Board when the Town's 7.oning Ordi- nance is revised. The Development Plan recommends that the intensity of units be divided into two, four, six and eight two-story duplexes, townhouses, or apartments per acre, depending upon the provision of municipal services. E'or multiple story apartments, the recommended range is between ten to '=ourteen units per acre, depending on 'the location, size and design of the project. One area lies along the west side o�f Tompkins Street Extension (New York State Route 13)from the City boundary line to McLean Road. The area is approx- imately 48 acres in size, of which 17 acres appear available for development. The current residential land use in the area, including a largo apartri�ent-town- house complex, supports the recommendation that this area be placed in the high density residential category of the land use. In addition, this area is readily accessible to the State University, the major transportation artery (Route 13), and to centers of employment. A second area identified in the Development Plan far high density residential use is on the east side of New York State Route 281 between the Cortland Country Club and the Town boundary line. The area contains about 19 acres, of which 18 appear available far high density residential development. Although the area is not serviced by sewer and water facilities at the present time, its close prox- imity to the Village of Homer and Interstate Highway 81 makes the area very attractive for this type of development. Potential Development and Population As explained earlier, the Cortlandville Development Plan is a general guide for the future growth of the Town for the next fifteen or twenty years. One important element in the preparation of any plan is to calculate potential pop- ulation by using the densities recommended in the Plan. Fy multiplying the number of dwelling units per acre permitted in a residential land use category times the number of acres available for development, the potential number of dwelling units planned for this category can be determined. Then by multiply- ing the potential number of dwelling units times the average size of a family in the Town, the potential population that can be accommodated in this residential 136 land use category is determined. Table 46 shows a summary of the calculations for a low and high estimate of the potential dwelling units and papulation provided for in the Development Plan. TABLE 46 PpTENTIAL RESIDENTIAL DEVELpPP�9ENT AND POPULATION RANGE BY RESIDENTIAL CATEGORY, 1976 Residential Category Low Estimate {-ligh Estimate (du's/a-dwelling units Potential No. Potential Na. per acre) of Dwelling Potential of Dwelling Potential Units Population Units Population Low Density (1-2 du's/a)(1)(1) 1825 6570 3650 13140 P�edium Density (3-4 du's/a)(2) 885 3186 1180 4248 High Density (5-14 du's/a) 175 350 490 980 TOTAL 2885 10106 5320 18368 (1)Average family size used was 3.6 members (2)Average family size used was 2.0 members because the size of the family in higher density areas is usually smaller due to the number of single and elderly people. In Chapter 4 of this Plan, General Housing Characteristics, it was projected that by the year 1995 an additional 924 new housing units would be required to meet the Town's housing needs.l 6Jhen comparing this projected total with the low and high estimates of the number of dwelling units planned for in the Develop- ment Plan (2885 and 5320, respectively), the Town has planned for more housing units by the year 1995 than it apparently needs. Another interesting comparison is the projected number of housing units required by the County of Cortland and the Town. The Cortland County Planning Board's Housing Market Analysis, Interim Report, published in 1975,2 projected that by the year 1995 the County would need an additional 4,756 new housing units to meet its housing needs. This plan will, if implemented to its total capacity; provide more housing than is needed by the entire County. 1Housing Market Analysis, Interim Report,. Prepared by Planning/Environmental Research Consultants for the Cortland County Planning Board, June 30, 1975. p. 8 2Ibid. p.9 137 I While providing an insufficient amount of land for housing areas limits the choice on where to live, overplanning also causes problems in controlling growth and achieving the overall goals of the Plan. This can be illustrated by converting the potential number of dwellings that could be accommodated in the Plan to a potential population that would be required to fill those r�ni�ts. In Chapter 3, Population, it was projected by the Cortland County Planrring Department and the State Economic Development Board that by the year 2000 the Town would have an anticipated population of 1pJ43g 'to 12;1:3:) people, This antic- ipated growth range is shown on Figure 11 as C and D. By plotting the low and high estimates of the potential population in `Cable 4Ea ori the graph (lettered A & B'), one realizes that the Town has planned for much moY•�s� than the projected population for the year 2000. It is hoped that, as new �ir�ft�rmation becomes avail- able on population, the Town Planning Board will work to balance out the Plan with County and State growth projections. The Neighborhood Concept _ Residential growth in Cortlandville has tended to devt�lop in a strip or ribbon-like pattern along the highways rather than ire cornmuni�ty clusters. This pattern was created due to the physical characteristics of the Town, which per- mitted on-site wells and septic tanks, and the existing highway system, with literally miles of unused frontage. As a result, there are relatively few ham- lets or large residential areas such as planned unit developments in existence in the Town. The incorporated "communities" in Cortlandville, with the exception of the City of Cortland, are the Village of P1cGraw and a portion of the Village of Homer which extends into the Town from the north. Of the former hamlets, only Blodgett Mi11s exists today as a residential grouping avith modest neighborhood characteristics. Others, such as South Cortland, Munsons Corners and Polkville, have built up over the years with highway - oriented commercial uses to the point today where their community characteristics have disappeared. Since the post-war years Cortlandville has seen the development of a number of residential concentrations. Almost without exception, i;hese have occurred in a "leap -frog" fashion along or near the major transportation routes radiating out from the City. Many of them consist of short residential streets which are 138 10 15 Z O f -- c Z 0 ti Q .. J 10 a �_�„ ®® FIGURE 11 �� � • � - � � ,, � , 0 THE POPULATION WILL BY YEAR 2000 INCREASE NOTE: DOTTED LINES REPRESENT POPULATION PROJECTIONS (SEE SOURCES BELOW) O -u � 5 1970 SOURCE: *CORTLAND COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT & NEW YORK STATE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BOARD 139 �m - �: • •t• 15 u either between two major roads or which dead-end off the existing highway system. Examples•of this can be seen in residential developments such 'as Gunzen Drive, Maplewood Lane, Deerfield Heights, Bell Drive and many more. This type of residential sprawl is presently being encouraged through- out the Town because developments must comply with the State and County Health Regulations governing the size and number of lots permitted without municipal sewer and water. To illustrate this point, the State Public Health Law requires public sewers, water, and environmental impact statements for subdivisions when they exceed 50 lots withaut any consideration of density or lot size. On the other hand, the County Health Department requires public water and sewers when there are more than 24 lots in the subdivision. The end result has been the current trend of residential sprawl in a leap—frog fashion throughout the Town. It is a recommendation of this Plan that the Town begin looking at ' possible planning alternatives with the various agencies involved in the regulation of health codes to develop acceptable policies which may be used in the future to guide residential development and begin the formation of neighborhoods within the Town at various density levels. One alternative that should be explored by the Town Planning Board is that of grouping low density residential developments togethe°r or in close proximity in a specific area of the Town. The purpose of this grouping is twofold. First, it will provide a mechanism to help discourage subdivision development in a leap -frog fashion along the major transportation routes of the Town. It would encourage the development of land within those areas designated as low density residential areas to its fullest capacity instead of encouraging residential sprawl. Secondly, this concept could be used to encourage neighborhood type developments which give the Town and the residents a community to identify with rather than relating 'to the name of the subdivision. As a result, this may encourage community pride and participation whereby residents may take a more active interest in the activities of their neighborhood. 140 The feasibility of this planning concept will depend greatly upon soil conditions. Soils must be of such composition as to provide adequate drain- age for both sewage and storm run®off without any major adverse impact upon the Town's drinking water supply. Before applying this concept, the local Planning Board should coordinate and review it with the County Health Depart- ment in order to determine if the sail conditions are satisfactory. Once an area or areas have been identified where this concept could be uriti1ized and approved by the Health Department, the Town Planning Board should actively encourage residential development to •take place in these areas, A second planning practice to consider rr� future developments is "clus- tering". Clustering, in conjurer..tion with the api.�rova�l of a subdivision, permits a transfer of the permitted den:,ity set forth in tNre 'Caning Clr•dinance by group- ing the dwelling units on the site plan within the tract° For example, if a given tract of land of fifty acres is zoned once acre, fifty houses can be built on individual acre lots; however, if cluster•irrg is used, the fifty houses can be grouped on ten acres, leaving fo�^t.y acres for open space or recrea- tional uses. New York State Town Law, Section 7.81 enables a Town Board to empower its Planning Board to modify applicable provisions of the Town Zoning Ordinance simultaneously with its approval of a subdivision plat. i�he objective is to promote better design by reducing zoning constraints and costs. It should be noted that while this section of Town Law would permit density transfer within a given tract, it does not permit a� increase in total density {number of units) for any development as set forth in the Zoning Ordinance. If the' land could be developed for fifty dwelling units on one -acre plots, the cluster development on the same tract could not exceed fifty dwelling units. Those units could, however, be on smaller lots, such as 1/4, 1/3 or 1/2 acre lots, or in some type of multi -family structur°es. Clustering would also permit semi-detached, attached or multi -story structures as well as detached sinrle-family units. How- ever, the decision would be discretionary with tiie Town Planning Board, subject to those conditions set forth by the Town Board of Cori;�landv�il'le. Some of the advantages gained by using this concept ares an increase in the variety of housing types available in the Town, attractively designed pro- jects; a method to ensure that there -is proper provision for open space in residential developments; and, where per�YFitted, an attractive design of mixed land uses. These developments would be most desirable in those areas identified on the Development Plan Map for agricultural and low density residential uses. This would be in keeping with the goal of preserving the rural character of the Town. However, depending on the uses and design, this concept may require approval from the�County Nealth Department for the sewer and water facilities that would be required to accommodate the residents of the project. The Plan recommends that the local Planning Board work jointly with the Planning and Health Departments when they consider using this planning practice. Finally, the Development Plan embodies the planning concept of new small scale communities, often referred to as "Planned Unit Developments". A Planned Unit Development (PUD) is orie of the newer ways to design residential neighbor- hoods that can provide a better living environment for the people who live there and produce more benefits for the Town and the developer. Under this concept, the Planning Board would be given the power by the Town to waive certain tech- nical requirements, such as yard regulations (front, side and rear),to permit dwelling units to be built in clusters, leaving substantial land areas in a natural state for good site plans and building designs. In addition, this concept would encourage, to a limited extent, a mixture of land uses such as a neighborhood shopping center, school, library and a variety of housing types for residential living and some industrial uses. Dn the other hand, in a stand- ard subdivision which uses a clustering concept, the uses normally permitted would be residential. Some of the advantages of living in a Planned Unit Development are: 1. Larger houses for less money 2. More choice of housing types 3. Preservation of natural features like trees and ponds 4. Community recreation space 5. Safe pedestrian ways and safer streets 6. The opportunity to live in a newly planned community The area south of the City appears to be the most desirable location for utilization of this concept because of its close proximity to the City and access to the proposed New York State Route 13. Another reason is that this area is located north of the newly planned residential community of Greek Peak in the Town of Virgil. This new community is currently being developed under the Planned Unit Development concept described as a recreational community and once it is completed, this area may become a desirable location for another new residential community. 142 It should be noted that while the Development Plan recognizes this general area as a potential location fora Planned Unit Development, it would not be shown on the Town's Zoning Map until a request for such a development is made to the Town. The purpose of discussing it in the Development Plan is to guide potential developers to this area when they begin considering sites for a new community. In summary, the basic intent of the neighborhood concept is to serve as another alternative i n the Town's pl stn to enc:our°age fu�k,ure development of good residential designs incorporating neighborhood iden�i,itir�s. COMMERCIAL_ LAND USE As mentioned in the chapter on Planning goals, cane of i,wie major commercial development goals is to "discourage the indiscriminate s,ar°ead of retail uses into residential neighborhoods and the extension of endless commercial ribbon development along the highways>" The intent of this goal 'is to guide future commercial development into the existing commercial ar°eas of the Town, thereby discouraging strip commercial deve1opmen�; along the 6�ighways. The result should be a concentration of commercial a.ctivit�ies in the existing commercial areas. The largest commercial area shown ire the Py1r�zr� begins at the intersection of New York State Routes 281 and 222 (Groton Avenue) and proceeds north along New York State Route 281 in a corridor fashion until it reaches the City line. Included in this area is the Groton Avenue Shopping Plaza south of the inter- section. The area is approximately 150 acres in size, of which approximately 40 acres appear vacant for development. Another large area of approximately 42 acres is recommended by the P1 an to be located just south of the intersection of New York State Routes 13 and 281 on the eastern side of Route 13. The Cortlandville Mall, as the property is presently called, has an enclosed shopping center with about fifteen commercial stores located in the area. Also on the site in separate buildings are a super- market, a fast food type of restaurant, a catalog store, two banks, and a drive up photo process outlet. At the present time there appear to be about 22 acres vacant for commercial development. 143 The existing shopping center located on the northeast corner of McLean Road and New York State Route 281 is recommended for commercial use. The area, approx- imately 21 acres, includes a large discount department store (Barker's), a super- market, and a number of stores available for commercial activities. Approximately 3 acres in this shopping center appear vacant for future expansion of commercial activities. Additional areas are shown in the Plan for commercial use on a small scale. One area is located north of the City on U. S. Route 11 and is about 35 acres in size. There appears to be little vacant land for development on this site. Another commercial area, approximately 60 acres in size, is located in the hamlet of Polkville where New York State Route 41 and U.S. Route 11 merge. This area is primarily oriented towards servicing Interstate Highway 81 travellers. Approx- imately 30 acres of the site appear vacant for additional commercial development. Other areas of commercial development are along Tompkins Street in the vicinity of the Plaza Theater, in the triangular parcel bounded by Tompkins, Route 13 and McLean Road, and at the intersection of Routes 281 and 13. One other area of major size, about 60 acres, is located along both sides of Rt. 13 south of Loring Crossing Road. It is estimated that about 20 acres would be available for future development. INDUSTRIAL LAND USE One of the long-range goals of the Development Plan is to "encourage the healthy growth and diversification of the community's economic base in order to support a better standard of living for local residents". The Plan not only recognizes the existence of most established industrial areas, but it also continues to promote an abundant opportunity for a healthy and sound industrial base for the Town and County. The largest area recommended for industrial use is located east of the City along U. S. Route 11 between the Tioughnioga River and Interstate 81 and ends north of the hamlet of Polkville. Approximately 3n0 acres are shown in the Plan and about 170 acres, mostly farmlands, appear available for industrial development. This prime industrial area is recommended for the following reasons. 1. It is relatively flat requiring little or modest grading for industrial usesa, 2. It has direct access to several major transportation .systems, namely Interstate 81, New York State Routes 13 and 41, U.S. Route 11 and the railroad system from Binghamton to Syracuse, currently operated by Conrail (U.S. Government); 3. Its close proximity to the City °s sewer and water facilities affords the opportunity for possible extensions through the area in the near future. Another i ndustri a1 area shovers i n a:h�� Pl ark i s a sec.ti on i�f °the hamlet of South Cortland stretching in a linear fashion along the norther°n side of New York State Route 13 from t_inie Hollow Road to Gracie Road. This area, approxi- mately 225 acres in size (150 acres vacant), was designated for industrial use for the following reasons° 1. It has several major industries (Smith Corona Operations, Monarch Machine Tool Company), which were attracted to this area by the Town. 2. It is relatively flat and requires little grading; 3. The Town is in an initial planning stage of creating a water district to Bennie Road which could be extended south to the industrial area, and° 4. It is adjacent to a major highway, New York. State Route 13, and will have access to it when i't is reconstrue,.ed to become a limited access highway paralleling the existing corridor between Cortland, Ithaca and Interstate 81 in the hamlet of Polkville. The South Cortland area does pose some interesting planning problems in developing the area for industrial use. First, the Land Use Plan for the County recommends that the most appropriate use of the land in this area should be for agricultural uses. Secondly, the primary soil in the area is that of the Howard type, which iZ1 excellent for farming. Encouraging indus'crial land uses in 'the area dis- agrees with the Planning Goal discussed earlier of preserving the best farms for agricultural uses. Thirdly, a large part of this area lies over the aquifer supplying water to the City and Town. Any intensive industria1 growth, without public sewers and water, greatly increases the, chances of polluting the underground water system. This in turn could force the Town and the City to install special 145 water treatment facilities to provide safe drinking water. In either situa- tiJon, the Town Planning Board should carefully study the area before making a decision on changing the land from the present agricultural use to another type of use. Finally, the area is immediately adjacent to Marl Chain Ponds,which is an environmentally sensitive area,and industrial type uses could have an adverse impact on the area. Also recommended for industrial use is an area located north of Lamont Circle along the west side of New York State Route 281 and ending just north of McLean Road. Most of the approximately 100�acre area is industrially developed and only about 23 acres are available for development. The major factors in selecting this area for industrial use area 1. The area has access to the Lehigh Valley Railroad (Conrail); 2. It is adjacent to a major highway, New York State Route 281, and; 3. The area presently has a heavy concentration of industrial uses such as Pall Trinity Micro Corporation, Overhead Door Company, Gutchess Lumber Company and others. While the area has no public sewers, the County Sewer Agency, the Town, and the County Health Department have designated this as a high priority area and these agencies are working to provide public sewers to the area in the near future. RECOMMENDED LAND USE PATTERN BY 1996 Figure 12 is a summary of the various land uses recommended in the Plan for*the future development of the Town during the next twenty years, which was accepted by the Town Planning Board on December 19, 1977 Almost three quarters (73%) of the total Town area is recommended for agri- cultural activities, which include farming, forests, marshlands, steep slopes and other related activities. This large percentage of 'land recommended for this type of land use activity is in keeping with the Town's goal of preserv- ing the rural farm character of the community Approximately 3,187 acres, 10.3 percent of the Town area, is planned for residential use. This land use category consists of low density areas which comprise 2,580 acres, medium density areas consisting of 543 acres,and 64 acres of high density land. By recommending this large percentage of land area for residential development, it is the goal of the Plan to encourage a sufficient 146 N W O.' C'S H Li. 147 supply of decent homes in suitable environments within economic reach of all residents of the Town. The next largest land use category shown on the Plan Map is that of open space. This category consists of approximately 1,827 acres, 5.8 percent of the total Town area, including those items shown on the map as private open s�.ace and open space areas. The intent of this recommendation is to preserve the rural farm character of the Town by preserving those areas which are environmentally sensitive as open space areas for passive and active recreational activities. In addition, most of the areas identifir�d 'for open space use are located in flood plains, either along the f'iougnioga River or along the major streams within the Town. The purpose of this recommendation is to preserve and enhance the natural resources, such as wetlands and streams, that make Cort- landville an attractive community. The industrial areas occupy about 592 acres, 1.9 percent of the Town's area. While the amount of land planned for• industrial use appears high fora town the size of Cortlandville, it is 'the goal of the Plan to provide several industrial areas within the Town boundaries which prospective industries can choose for siting. The objective here is to encourage the healthy growth and diversification of the 'town's economic base. During the next five to ten years, the Town Planning Eioard should evaluate the industrial growth of the Town to determine if some of the areas recommended for industrial use should be changed to another type of land use such as agricultural or open space. As can be expected, highways and streets occupy a large portion of the Town.'s area approximately 1,313 acres 4.?_ percent. I�ighways are the main arteries of the Town. 4lithout them, the community could hardly exist, since they provide the means for the Town's major mode of transportation, the automobile. It is not expected within the next twenty years that the Tawn will be con- structing any major new roads or streets. f�lowever, sometime in the 1980's the State is planning to construct a new limited access road, New York State Route 13, from Cortland to Ithaca in Tompkins County. This route will improve east - west traffic circulation between the two counties. The impact that this high- way may have on the Town has been taken into consideration. Commercial areas occupy 1,3 percent of the Town's area, 417 acres, and this is in agreement with the goal of discouraging the indiscriminate spread of retail uses along the major highways and encouraging these uses in the existing commercial centers of the Town. The remaining 890 acres is divided into public, semi-public land use (540 acres or 1.7%),which includes the County farm, schools, municipal buil& ings, State Forest lands, etc., and water (350 acres orl.1%),which includes the major streams and the Tioughnioga River. It has been the overall intent of the Cortlandville Planning Board and its Citizen's Advisory Committee to prepare a Development Plan for the Town of Cortlandville which will encourage a reasonable and rational land use pattern by selecting locations best suited for a particular use based upon the most recent data available at this time. As more information becomes available, it will be the Board's responsibility to review it and make the necessary changes in the Plan, if so warranted. 149 OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION :INTRODUCTION The attractiveness of a community as a living and working environment is dependent, to a large measure, upon the amount and quality of open space and recreational facilities available to its residents. At the present time, both the Town of Cortlandville and the County have an abundance of open land. As the Town continues to grow, however, there will be in- creased competition and pressure to utilize the relatively flat and well drained areas for development, instead of ,for agricultural, recreational, or open space land uses. Once land has been committed to development, it is usually gone for good; the loss is, in any case, largely irrevocable in any short span of time. Therefore, in order to preserve the rural character of Cortlandville, the Town must begin planning for recreational facilities and for the preservation of open spaces. The benefits derived from a properly planned pattern of open space and recreational facilities are numerous. They can prevent development from spreading into areas which are inappropriate, or which could produce high public costs far services. Open spaces have a beneficial effect upon water and drainage programs by protecting water supply and by minimizing runoff, soil erosion and flood damage. They influence the amount, direction and qua- lity of new development and are often a critical competitive factor in the location and growth of new economic activity. Such areas as open spaces and recreational facilities generally enhance adjoining land values. Additionally, open spaces permit the intensification and clustering of development, thereby achieving cost savings and social advantages which are impossible in the�leap-�rog�type of development taking place in the Town today. This type of planned land use, in conjunction with development, can help create neighborhoods which the residents of the area can identify with. Finally, and most importantly, selected open space reservations insure the availability of key land for projected future public development, before it irrevocably slips away or before land costs become inflated. 150 JN The case, then, for open space and recreational facilities in the Town is strong. The long range open space and recreational goal of the Development Plan is to "encourage the protection of natural resources for their best use for agriculture, conservation and recreation". The objec- tives of the open space and recreation section of the Development Plan are oriented toward the development of publicly®owned recreational areas on a Town basis and the preservation of environmentally sensitive areas within the Town. Approximately 1595 acres,or 5 percent of the total land area in the Town,has been recommended by the Plan for open space or recreational OPEN SPACE The New York State General Municipal Law, Section ?_47 defines open space as "any space or area characterized by natural scenic beauty or whose existing openness, natural condition, or present state of use, if retained, would enhance the present or potential value of abutting or surrounding urban development, or would enhance the conservation of natural or scenic resources." When farmland and woodland are combined with open spaces they account for approximately 84 percent of the Town's existing land use. These areas,more than anything else, are responsible for the character or identity of Cortlandville and thus they are an essential element in planning for the future of the Town. The Development Plan identifies a number of areas within the Town which should be preserved as open space areas. These areas are also shown on the Basis for the Official Map (Map 13) as future park areas. The location of the areas is insufficient analysis on which to plan for open spaces within the Town. The community must decide which of the areas are in need of protection, which benefit the Town most, and what degree of protection is necessary for each; in other words, establish a priority system. The Cortland County Planning Board will be developing an Interim Open Space Plan for the County as part of its 1976-1977 work program. This Plan may be of assistance to the Town in plan- ning for open space areas .and may provide additional information for,.decision making. The following pages will locate and explain the open space areas shown in the Town's Development Plan. 151 As discussed in Chapter 2, Physical Characteristics, aquifer and aquifer recharge areas are of particular significance to Cortlandville because approximately 98 percent of all the water comes from this source. Three of the open space areas recommended by the Plan lie over the under- ground aquifer systems within the Town. The first area is located in the southwestern section of the Town and is commonly known as the Marl Chain Ponds (Gracie Swamps). These water bodies have mud bottoms and their water levels vary with each season and with the level of ground water, The total area of the ponds and surround- ing wetland along the Lehigh Valley Railroad Right -of -Way exceeds 300 acres. Because of the unique flora and fauna associated with the ponds, the area has been designated as environmentally sensitive by both the Cortland County Envi- ronmental Management Council and the Cortland County Planning Board 3 and any intensive development should be discouraged. Realizing that this rare and unique ecosystem does not end at the pro- perty line of the U.S. National Fish Nutrition Center in the southwest corner of the Town, the Plan recommends that all of the Marl Chain Ponds from Stupke Road southwest, including the Nutrition Center and beyond to the Town line, be preserved by the Town as open space. This area, approxi- mately 790 acres, was the subject of a feasibility study, by the County Environmental Management Council in its 1976-1977 work program,to determinei.f the area could be maintained as an open space perk and nature study center. If other preservation techniques fail, the Town should consider purchasing this area for passive recreational activities which could be of educational value to the future generations of residents of the Town and to save it as a unique part of our environment. The second open space area shown irr the Plan that lies over an aquifer system is located along the Otter Creek drainageway between McLean Road and the western boundary line of the City. This area, approximately 171 acres in size, includes the City Water Company's property just east of New York State Route 281 along Otter Creek. Since this area is part of the aquifer system that supplies both the City and Town water supplies, it should be 30ort1 and County Environmental Management Council, Resolution 75-1, February 9, 1976. Cortland County Planning Board, Open Space: Inventory -Analysis, 1974, p. 42. lFi protected from encroachment by development. One way of preserving this area and protecting the underground water is to create a Town park on the property between Luker Road and Route 281. This 100 -acre area does not include the section of the area along Otter Creek owned by the City because this area is presently protected by the City as part of its watershed. Some of the reasons why this area is recommended for a Town Park are: 1. The western sertion o°�' the Tuwn docs not have any major recreational areas easily acc;ess°ib'ie i.o •the residents living there. 2. The area is relatively flat and w�i1'1 rerluire on•I,y modest grading for most types of recreati��nal activities. 3. The area is a part of a small flood plain and has a high water table wh°i ch makes deve•I opmen•t of the area expensive in order to control thw_ water iprom °Flooding basements. 4. The area is adjacent to a major road and makes it easily accessible to the residents of the area. This area can be developed with the following recreational activities: fields for baseball, foatbal'i, field hockey, soccer• and saftt,all; courts for tennis, basketball, volleyball, horseshoes and other games; recreation building containing a gymnasium and special use morns; quiet recreation areas, for sitting, walking or picnicking; and, a variety of other active and passive recreational activities. The third area designated in the Plarr as an open space area is located north of the city along the West Branch of the Tioughnioga River. This area also lies over an aquifer system (Homer-Pr�eble Valley) and within a flood- plain. The Plan recommends °that this area should be protected from encroach- ment by development and consideration should be given to using the area for some type of recreational activity such as picnicking, hiking, bicycling or a staging area for canoe trips down the river. This area is approxi- mately 50 acres in size. The next three areas recommended by the Plan as apes spa��e areas are located in flood plains along the Tioughnioga River and Trout Brook. The first of these area s, 496 acres in size, is located along the Tioughnioga River south of the hamlet of Polkv°ille 'to. the Town line. The second area, approximately 122 acres in size, is located along the East Branch of the Tioughnioga River. The last of these areas is located east of the hamlet of Polkville along Trout Brook to the boundary line of the Village of McGraw, This 153 area is approximately 78 acres in size. While these areas, which total approximately 696 acres, offer a wide range of recreational potential, such as for linear parks, hiking trails, etc., it appears at this time it would be beyond the capabilities of the Tawn to develop all of this area as a park. However, the Plan does recognize the recreational po- tential of this area for a linear type park on either a County or Regional basis and therefore recommends that the area be preserved as open space until such time as its recreational potential materializes. By doing this, the Town will be preserving a scenic area and at the same time protecting the safety of individuals by discouraging development in the floodplain which could be costly in case of river floods. Another important concept recommended by the Plan which deals with open space is the preservation of a minimum 50 to 100 foot greenway on both sides of the major streams and drainageways in the Town. The purpose of this concept is to help preserve both the rural character of the Town and its streams, which serve the Town in a number of ways such as for re- creational activities and for farming. The Plan recommends that major streams and drainageways should be protected from encroachment by develop- ment. They are shown on both the Plan Map and the Basis for The Official Map. This concept can be implemented through the Town's Zoning Ordinance or a wetlands local law for stream banks protection. COMMUNITY PARK -SCHOOL A community park -school is designed to provide facilities for youth and adults to meet a wide range of educational and recreational needs on a single site. It generally refers to a combination of a high school and a community park. The Plan recommends that the 40 -•acre area south of the new Cortland Junior -Senior High School and just west of Pendleton Street Extension be developed as a community park -school. Tn order for this recommendation to materialize in the future, it will be necessary for the Town, the City and the City School Board to develop coordination of efforts and cooperation. This would insure the maximum development and use of all facilities for instruction and recreation both during and after school hours. 154 The Plan suggests the following as possible activities to be included in the development of a community park -school: Gymnasium -used for indoor sports during the winter months. Turf -field-games area for instruction, intramural s, inter- scholastic athletics practice and recreational use. Hard -surface games court and multiple -use area Tennis Courts Recreation area Hard -surface area for basketball. Turf area for horseshoes and croquet. Turf area for golf and archery. Football field Baseball field Playlot and apparatus Park and natural area, especially around the pond. Recreation area for senior citizens. Parking and driver -education range. Finally, the Plan recommends that the total con�nunity park -school area be landscaped in order to create a parklike setting to enhance the area, but not interfere with the instructional and recreational areas. NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS The neighborhood park is land set aside primarily for passive recreation. This type of recreational facility emphasizes horticultural features, with spacious turf areas bordered by trees, shrubs, and floral arrangements .4 One �' benefit derived from neighborhood parks is that they can help preserve the rural character of the Town if their location and design are carefully planned. Ideally, a park should be provided for each neighborhood. However, in a Town such as Cortlandville, the location of this type of park should be in a centralized area of the Town in order to provide services for more than one residential community. This would require an area of at least five acres and, in many cases, could be satisfactorily included as a portion of a Town Park. Joseph DeChiara and Lee Koppelman, Urban Planning and Design Criteria, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1969 p, 336 155 The neighborhood park concept could play an important role in set- ting standards for community aesthetics. Therefore, it would include open lawn areas, plantings, and walks along with other forms of recrea- tional activities. Most importantly, this concept should encourage creative planning and design by utilizing contouring, contrasting sur- faces, masonry, and other modern techniques to provide bath eye appeal and utility. The Development Plan recommends two areas within 'the Town which should be considered for development in the future as neighborhood parks. The first area is located in the western part of the Town in an area along Kinney Gulf Road where Dry Creek and Blue Creek rn�.rge. 1"he area, approxi- mately 48 acres in size, could provide for such recreational activities as picnicking, hiking trails, gardens, walk paths, etc., as well as an area where same type of indoor recreational facilities could be con- structed in the future. The second area recommended by the Plan tar a neig��borhood park is located just south of the City boundary line, east of New York State Route 90. The area, approximately 19 acres in size, would be an extension of the City's Beaudry Park. This area could be used primarily for hiking and winter type sports, due to its physical tc�aography. PdEIGHBORH00D PLAYGROUND Neighborhood playgrounds are designed to serve children under 14 years of age, but they should have additional features to •interest teenagers and adults. The trend in recent years has been for the neighborhood playground to become increasingly important as the center of activity for the wide variety of needs expressed by all residents of the area served.5 The neighborhood playground should be located close to the center of the residential community to be served and away from heavily travelled streets and other barriers to safe and easy access. Its size may vary, depending upon the size of the community to be served by the facility. However, in order to have a standard with which to plan these facilities, the playground should normally require a minimum of eight acres. This would depend upon the nature of the neighborhood and the space being allocated according to needs. It is SJoseph DeChiara Lee Koppelman, Manual of Housing/Planning and Design Criteria (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Ha11, Inc., 1975) p. 335 156 suggested that these areas could be developed in conjunction with neighborhood parks or elementary school sites using the following criteria. TABLE 47 RECOMMENDED STANDARDS FOR NEIGHBORHOOD PLAYGROUNDS ACRES Turf area for softball, touch fooi:ba11, soccer, speedball, and other field games 3.00 Hard -surface area for court games, such as netball, basketball, volleyball, and handball .50 Open space for informal play .50 Corner for senior citizens .30 Playlot •20 Children's outdoor theater .l'5 Apparatus area for elementary®age children .25 Service building for restrooms, storage, and equipment issue, or a small clubhouse with some indoor activity space .15 Space for quiet games, storytelling, and crafts .20 Circulation, landscaping, and buffer zones 2.00 Undesignated space °75 Total 8000 SOURCE: Joseph DeChiara and Lee Koppelman, Manual of Housing/P1anninq and Design Criteria, 1975. PROVISION OF PLAY SPACE FOR SMALL_ CHILDREN Play space for small children or pre-school age is considered to be an important recreational need in the Town as well as in urban areas such as the City. This is especially true for apartment developments and small lot subdivisions where priy4te yard space is i=requently too small tq perwit the active play of children on a group basis. In some cases, a play lot can be developed on an isolated vacant parcel of land in the community. A small area of 2,500 to 5,000 square feet is generally adequate for the pro" vision of a sandbox, swings, slides and open space for general play. In other cases, play space can often be acquired in new subdivisions through the cooperative effort of the developer and the Town Planning Board, especially when the concept of clustering is used in the design of the development. 157 Because of their size and the many factors which determine their location, the exact location of these areas is not shown on the Plan Map.6 CONCLUSION In summary, the Plan recommends that 1,595 acres of land in the Town be pF eserved and protected for parks or open space areas. It is suggested by the Plan that the Town begin exploring the various planning techniques for providing open space, such as purchase of development rights, zoning and sub division regulations, easements, etc., so that the open spaces identified by the Plan can be preserved for the future residents of the Town. In addition, the Town shou'id begin working to encourage private enter- prise to contribute to the Town's recreational and open space resources by trying to: 1) stimulate commercial recreation investments on private lands and water; 2) promote greater public recreation use of private lands by acquisition of public rights through voluntary agreements with landowners as well as through public leasing arrangements and easements; 3) support efforts of charitable, service, and civic organizations to acquire and con" serve outdoor sites which serve public needs; and 4) stimulate land or financial donations from private individuals and groups. Finally, the Town should begin taking advantage of the Federal and State Open Space Land Acquisition Programs, most of which provide matching funds for the purchase of permanent open space areas. 6A Plan for the Development of the Town of Cortlandville, prepared by Arthur Reed, Ladd and City planning Consultant, dor the Town of Cortlandville, ���y, X966. p. 123 158 THE HIGHWAY SYSTEM INTRODUCTION The basic road pattern in the Town of Cortlandville was well established in the 1800's. Any new road construction should be primarily focused on im� portant connections or extensions of existing roads. The goal is to improve the present flow of traffic and to safely accommodate future increases in traffic volume. Some existing roads need widening, realignment and other im- provements in order to increase capacity and efficiency. Any new road construction and existing road irnprovernent should be looked at on the basis of need. Some may need irrmed-iate implementation and others will not be needed until some future date when there is sufficient demand. The Plan recommends a networ!< of roads fora:he next twenty years according to the type and volume of traffic that is expected to be carried by each road and its ability to move traffic through the community. Limited Access Roads - `these roads nave high volumes of traffic between municipalities at relatively high speeds. Access to these roads is controlled by the level of government under whose jurisdiction the road lies. Major Road This system of roads serves the major centers of activity within the Town, as well as the urban area surrounding the City of Cortland. This system carries the majority of trips entering and leaving the Town. Secondary Roads9� The function of this road system is to interconnect with and augment the major road system and provide service to trips of moderate length. More emphasis is placed on planned access, and secondary roads offer a somewhat lower level of travel mobility than major roads. 7 The Highway System for the Town of Cortlandville is presented on Map 13, entitled the "Basis for the Official Map for the Town of Cortlandyi,lle;Page 1934 8 Major Road is the same as the classification "Principal Arterial" used by New York State and Cortland County. 9 Secondary Road is the same as the classification "Minor Arterial" used by New York State and Cortland County. 159 Collector Roads - The collector system provides both land access ser- vice and traffic ci.i^culation within residential neig h borhoods and commercial and industrial areas. It dif- fers from the major and secondary road system in that the facilities on the collector system may penetrate residential neighborhoods, distributing trips from major and minor roads through the area to their ulti- mate destination. Conversely, the collector road also collects traffic from local roads in residential areas and channels it into higher systems. Local Roads - The local road system comprises all f=acilities not on one of the higher systems, This sy��tem primarii,y serves to provide direct access to abutting land and access to the higher order systems, If offers the lowest 'level of mobility. Service to through traffic movement is usually discouraged. LIMITED ACCESS ROADS Interstate Route 81 Interstate Route 8'I is a federally®aided highway t•vhich is part of the federal system of high speed, limited access roads. This road starts at the Thousand Islands Bridge lin!<ing Canada �to the United States, proceeds south through Central New Yorl< and connects with the Pennsylvania highway system. The highway flows through the Town of Cort1andville on a gener°a1 north -south path and has three interchanges serving the Town. The first interchange (Exit 12) is with U. S. Route '11 and N.Y.S. Route 281, the second (Exit 11) is with N.Y.S. Route 13, and the third (Exit 10) -is with N.Y.S. Route 41 and U.S. Route 11. During the next twenty years this route should continue in its present design, with only routine maintenance to repair the pavement and shoulders. However, the County Land Use Plan recognizes a possible exception to this projection, which is the extension of the off -ramp connecting N.Y.S. Route 281 and Exit 12 to a point westward where it would intersect with N.Y.S. Route 90 west in the Town of Homer. This improvement would depend heavily upon the increase in use/demand of traffic on Route 90 and 1.-81 before it would be considered as a feasible project by the State of New York. MAJOR ROADS With few exceptions, the major roads designated in the highway system are the same as were shown in the 1966 Plan. Most of the major roads are radial to the City of Cortland, as the 1966 Plan pointed out"like the spokes of a wheel, they radiate from Cortlancif;o locations in the hinterlands."10 10 Arthur Reed, A Plan For The Development Of The Town of Cortlandville 1966. U. S. Route 11 This highway has been designated a major road in the Town's Development Plan. No major improvement of this facility is suggested other than preser- vation of the existing road surface and shoulders. N.Y.S. Route 13 As in the 1966 Plan, a strong recommendation is made for the following two improvements of intersections on this major road. The first, and still by far the most important, is the acute angle crossing of Starr Road (County Road 120). Channelization of traffic, better illumination, control signals and warning lights are again some suggested improvements which should be con- sidered to alleviate this extremely dangerous situation. The second recom- mendation is that the intersection o�P Lighthouse Hill P,oad (County Road 112) and Route 13 should be brought into alignment with the intersection of Loring Crossing Road (County Road 112A). Since the early 1970°s, the New York State Department of Transportation has been conducting a ,joint study with Tompkins and Cortland Counties to assess improvements that can be made to Route 13 to enhance traffic movement from Tompkins County to Interstate 81. Cortland County's recommendation 'Por a corridor generally parallels the existing corridor, turns eastward behind the Cortlandville Mall, follows the ridge line south of Starr Road, and term- inates at Polkville. While detailed studies and decisions have not been made at this time, it is the County's recommendation that the new route should be a four lane.. limited access road with interchanges at Bennie Road and Page Green Road (County Road 122). The State Department of Transportation has no recommendation in its ten year Capital Improvement Projects for Cortland County concerning new Route 13. However, best estimates to date indicate that the design and construction of this highway will take place prior to 1988. This date may change, but once the new road is built, it should be placed in a higher road classification, namely the limited access category. Once the Route 13 corridor is established, the Town Planning Board should make every reasonable effort to protect this corridor for the future. N.Y.S. Route 41 In conjunction with U.S. Route 11, N.Y.S. Route 41 enters the Town from the Village of Homer at the north and the two routes are identical until Route 41 leaves Route 11 at Polkville and turns eastward through the Village of McGraw. There are no major recommendations for improvements to this road other than routine maintenance to the road surface and shoulders. 151 N.Y.S. Route 222 State Route 222 is a radial route which originates in the City of Cortland and travels westward. No major improvements are planned for this road, at this time... N.Y.S. Route 281 This State Route has been designated a major road in the Highway System. No proposal s for improvement o•f this fac.i 1 i ty are s�aggcsted at thi s i:ime. County Road 122_ (Page Green Road) Page Green Road has been desie�nai:.��d a major° road in the �lighway System for twu reasons. First, this road provides a direct mute from the City of Cortland to the new planned 1,000 unit deve'loprnent under constr�uct�ion at Greek Peak in the Town of Virgil, Once this deve1opmen•t is completed, it is expec- ted that Page Green Road will be the primary road used by the residents of the development. Secondly, an interchange for the new 1-imited access N.Y.S. Route 13 i s proposed to be '! ocated at Pa��e Green Road . �('rrz�i�f i c� wi 11 i ncrease on this road because of motorists who will be usinu the interchange. This road may have to be widened and realigned at somE� fa.it.ure �iatF. SECONDARY HIGHWAYS N.Y.S. Route 90 This State Route is an extension of Uwego Streei. in the City of Cort1 and and i s i ndi Gated as a secondary r^oad i n the i -ii gi7way System. No major improvements are recommended for this road a�: this time. County Road 1'Il (Kinney Gulf Road) This secondary road parallels Dry Creek as it runs .down the valley from the northern Town line 'to intersect with N,Y.S., Route 281. No major improvements are recommended for this road a•t. this time, County Road 116 (McGraw North_ Road, McGraw -Marathon Road) This road serves north and south bound traffic through the Village of McGraw. No major improvements ars:. recommended for this road a '! G 2 County Road 120 (McLean Road) This road moves westward from N.Y.S. Route 281. Improvements such as widening and realignment may be required at a future date. County Road 121 (Kel1ogg Road) This secondary road leaves the City of Cortland, proceeds southeast on the valley floor to Blodgett Mills, and cor7tinues south to the Town line. No major improvements are recommended at this time. COLLECTOR ROADS County Road 112 (Lighthouse Hili Road) -Loring Crossing -Ames Road collector road across the northeastern pert of the Town, the Plan recommends the use of Ames Road. On the east, a new extension of Ames Road could .be constructed to connect with Phelps Road and McGraw North Road. Running westward, Ames Road goes to Loring Crossing, where it becomes Loring Crossing Road (C.R.112A), then intersects with N.Y.S. Route 13. At this point, an improvement is recommended to straighten out the intersection and align Lighthouse Hill Road (C.R.112) with Loring Crossing Road. The route continues westward on Lighthouse Hill Road, eventually running into the Village of Homer and over Interstate Route 81, County Road 114 (East River Road) This collector road runs north from its point of origin on U.S. Route 11 just east of the City and the Tioughnioga River bridge. No improvements are suggested for this road at this time. County Road 115 (Fisher Avenue) -Blue Creek Road This road begins at U.S. Route 11 as Fisher Avenue and runs westward to N.Y.S. Route 281. The Development Plan, as in the 1966 Plan, recom- mends the elimination of the'1dogleg"at the intersection to align Blue Creek Road with Fisher Avenue at some future date. 163 County Road 119 (Sears Road)- McCloy Road- Hatfield Hill Road -Bond Road This collector road network begins with Sears Road at its origin point on N.Y.S. Route 222 in the western section of the Town. Sears Road proceeds northward to where McCloy Road intersects with it. The Plan recommends that the collector road continue north on McCloy Road to its terminus point with Hatfield Hill• Road. Then the ca:liec•tar route turns east and follows Hatfield F1i11 Road until it becomes Bond Road and term- inates when it intersects wit6� Sweeney Road. The purpose of this recom- mendation is to provide a •traffic loop for this section of the Town to collect traffic and channel i•t into the primary road system (major or secondary roads). County Road 123 (South Cortland -Virgil Road) This road begins at its intersection�.with N.Y S. Route 13 and turns southward and proceeds into the Town of Virgil, connecting the hamlet of Virgil with Route 13. No improvements are recommended at this time. County Road 124 (Gracie Road) This collector road branches off from McLean Road (C.R.120) in the western section of the Town and i;,ur�r�s southward, intersecting with N.Y.S. route 13 at the Town's southern boundary line. From here it eters into the ,Town of Virgil and terminates with West State Road (C.R.125). No improvements are recommended for this road. Sweeney Road -Highland Road®Fairview Drive These three roads are designated in the Plan as collector roads. The purpose for this designation is to provide a road of sufficient design to collect traffic from the northern section of the Town and the various res- idential developments along these roads and channel this traffic into one of the major or secondary roads leading into the City of Cortland, thus creating the possibility of a circumferential route around the City. Circumferential Route As stated in the 1966 Plan, the pattern of existing roads in the Town lends itself well to the development of an "outer loop" which, if properly developed, would provide a method of diverting traffic from 164 the heavily built-up and congested areas in a circumferential pattern to the west and south of the City of Cortland, Recognizing that topography would make a circumferential route in the eastern section of the Town extremely difficult and that such a route does not appear at this time to be needed, the Plan suggests that the following circumferential route for the western and southern areas of the Town be considered in planning for the future growth of the Town. It is tentatively proposed that the cir�:�a�riferential route would have one termious at the intersection of U.S. Rowe 11 and County Road 121 A east of the hamlet of Blodgett Mills. The southern portion of the route would run in an east/west direction from the termious point to the intersection of Bennie Rd. and N.Y.S. Route 13. The corridor would generally follow Bennie Road and Blodgett Mills West Road. From the intersection of Route 13 anci Bennie Roar! the corridor would proceed northward across Lime No`ilow Road to an intersection with McLean Road in the vicinity of Stupke Road. The circumferential route would then make an easterly swing in order to align itself with the Highland Road/Sweeney Road Corridor. The route would then proceed northward to connect with N.Y.S Route 90 in the Town of Homer. This new route to the west of N.Y.S. Routes 13 and 281 would open a large pori.ion of the Town to development and would provide a circulation route for traffic wishing to avoid the heavily travel- led protion of Routes 13, 281, and 90 in the urban area. An alternative to the southern section of the recommended route would be the use of Starr Road from where it intersects with McLean Road and proceeds eastward to connect with Kellogg Road, which in turn runs north into the City of Cortland. In either case, the Town Planning Board should continue to monitor the traffic conditions in the Town and, when the demand becomes apparent, begin studying the feasibility of constructing a circum- ferential route around the City of Cortland. Somerville Road -South Hill Road-Sunsetview Terrace The Plan recommends that these three roads be designated as collector roads to provide a loop in the southeastern section of the Town, connecting this area with the Village of McGraw and U.S. Route 11. LOCAL ROADS The remaining roads in the Town of Cortlandville are designated as local roads in the Plan. Some County roads are included in this designation. The function of these roads is to provide access to individual properties and through traffic should not be encouraged on these roads. Table. 48 and figure 13 se'c forth recommended standards for highway widths and cross-sections. These are optimum standards that should be utilized whenever possible. TABLE 48 Town of Cortlandvil1e Recommended Design Standards for Road and Highway Widths Design Limited Access Major, Roads Secondary Roads Collector Local" Characteristics Roads Function Traffic Movement Traffic Traffic Movement Traffic Property thru Traffic & Movement Property Access Movement Access Trucks Property. Access Right-of-way 300' 100' 80' 75' 60' Number of Lanes 4-6 24 2-4 24 24 Lan;* Width 12 12' 12' 10-12' 10-12'. Design Speed(MPH) 55 55 30•-55 30x50 30 Design Maximum 3% 4% 5% 6% 6% Grade Sources: Highway Research Board, Highway Capacity Manual, Special Report 87, 1965 Planning Design Criteria, Joseph De Chiara and Lee Koppelman, Van Nost.rand Reinhold Company, 1969. 166 51 � 5� FIGURE 13 r ���' a a L["- 7�1 i- ���yyyy 5�,,� S� � 2®� Imo' RTRr1im° '111 - ._ .'� _ I .. i.� !: � _. 2G° �� 51 s .. ... W__._..�___...�.._____.�...._..._....,_._._._,._._,_ �� ... . �.._, .., Ver e.s t * r �� >, n �� x 1®ca' 3®� �� 1 � 3�� 5' S� �� ___r__ �,�.�� ___., --- _ ,.. � .,e. �T 1G7 COMMUNITY FACILITIES INTRODUCTION Planning for community facilities is an important part of the planning process and an integral element in the Development Plan. As the Town con�- tinues�to grow in the future, there will be a corresponding increase of demand upon the Town to provide rnore public services and facilities, In some instances this will require additional personnel and in others, the extension of existing water° or' sewer 'lines, In order to maintain a high level of services and f'aci�iit�ies, any land use study must consider the future demands and acquire potent�ia�l sites sc, they will be located appropriately. Obviously, early acquist�ion i�� rnore economical than waiting 'For intensive development when land costs soars WATER SUPPLY The two water distr�ic.:ts served by the Towr�l aro supplied by town -owned and operated wells., �locat�ad adjacent �ta the Town Hall on Terrace Road, which have a production capacity of .300 million gallons per day (rngd) and a storage capacity of .500 mgd. Nowever�, consumption is currently at .300 mgd, which gives a storage capacity of about �0 hours or� almost two days. Immediate plans for expanding the Town water facilities include the creation of three rnore water districts, One d-is-tr�ict w�i11 be created to serve the Cortlandvil`le Mal'! and another to serve the South Cortland area. The third district will serve the Northwood Development located just south of Be11 Drive and north of f=fisher Avenue along New York State Route 281. In addition to the above immediate plans, the Development Plan recom- mends that water be extended �to the Po1kville area. Phis is a hamlet approx- imately halfway between than City of Cortland and the Village of McGraw. It has a few homes, but bei►7g at the intersection of several major highways, it is beginning to attrar.t commercial development. In order to encourage the industrial potential of this area, as recommended b,y the Plan, public water should be extended to this area. At the present time 'the County Leg�is1ature, in conjunction with the Health and Planning Departments, is coo�� rating with the Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board -in a Water Quality Management Study 11. See Chapter 7 Map 10 12. The Regional Board is based in Syracuse and serves the Counties of Cayuga, Cortland, Madison, Onondagt� and Oswego 168 pursuant to Section 208 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (Public Law 92-500). This two-year study is being undertaken to comply with the following national objectives: 1. To eliminate by 1985 the discharge of pollutants into navigable waters; 2. To obtain by July 1, 1983 water quality which provides for the pro- tection and propogation of fish, shellfish and wildlife, and provides for recreation in and on the water. The specific objectives of this study are: 1, to determine the characteristics and capacity of the Region's major receiving waters to assimilate wastes and to establish safe waste loading levels for point and non®point sources; 2, to protect the quality of public water supply sources, including major lakes, groundwaters and springs; 3. to prepare land use development plans to insure that land use decisions and policies are integrated into planning and management for obtain® ing water quality standards. 4. to identify the major municipal, indust ria1, and private domestic treatment works needed over the 20®year planning period, and to develop regulatory programs to ensure that industrial pretreatment needs are met; 5. to determine the applicability of waste treatment technologies, including land applications and subsurface disposal, to Central New York; 6. To identify significant nonpoint sources of pollutants, to evaluate the impact of nonpoint pollutants, and to identify techniques and methods to manage nonpoint sources to minimize the impact of non - point pollutants; 169 r s. 7. To develop mechanisms to carry out the plan; continuing planning process and recommendations for future work; 8. To foster multi -county and inter -agency cooperation through tine identification of inter -county waste treatment needs; 9.. To promote continuous communication and exchange of information among all participating agencies and the public to ensure that the interests of local government, special interest groups, and the general public play a rna�or role in the overall planning process and to avoid duplication of effort; 10. To identify potential capital costs, fiscal impacts on government and overall regional, financial, economic, soc�ia1, and environ- mental impacts of the plan and programs developed through the planning process.13 Once this study is completed in 1978, the Town Planning Board should review the Development Plan with the Region`s Water Quality Management Plan. In addition, the Town should prepare a Water Districts Plan which would show future needs and facilities in relation to the t'own's fui.ure growth. Such a plan should also be developed in coordination with the County Sewer Agency°s Plan. Still another factor needed fora Town water program is along range financial plana Both the l+later Districts Plan and the capital budget should be related to other community needs. The appendix to this chapter can serve as a planning guide for future use in the Town of Cortlandville. SEWERS Sewage treatment for the Town's Sewer District is provided on a contrac- tual basis with the City of Cortland. This arrangement should continue for all future sewage expansion in the Town. The present city sewage treatment facility serves the City, the Village of Homer and Sewer District #1 in the Town of Cortlandville. The current 13Reso1ution of Technical Task Force, Central New Yorl< Regional Planning and Development Board, Adopted June 8, 1976. 17U capacity of the plant is six million gallons per day of primary treatment�� I ', The plant is now undergoing a twenty-two million dollar expansion program to provide a capacity of 9.9 million gallons per day of physical/chemical treatment. The County is currently preparing a sewer district ,study, known as the "201 study", which is being financially assisted by United States Envir�c�r�cc�enta.l Protection Agency and State Department of Environmental Conservation as part of Public Law 92-500. The County Sewer Agency has retained the engineering services of 0' Bri en & Gere Engi nears a Inc. 'r ►•► the preparation of a co►r�rsuni ty facilities plan to determine the feasibility a�' establishing an area -wide County .Sewer District. In conjunction wit�i thr� C�,unty Land Use Plant' this sewer study will determine those areas that arc �,•i•igiblc far aid of �'S percent of construction costs and establish a unified :�cwer district which should be less costly than the carr°ent contractual �rrangeirlent,s.. In the meantime, the Town is ctarrently exter►ding the service area of Sewer District No. 1 around the town wells to prof;ect the Towrr's water supply from septic system pollutan�cs and al�yo �to serve the Pall Trinity Company. Other sewer plans include the creation of a new sewer Uistrirt to serve the "Northwood Development", north o� a�isiier Avenue, and another to serve �tioute 11 between the City of Cortl ar�d anti tie Vi l �! ago of Fli�mer. In addition, private developer°:� arra r:.unsiriaring Dither a public or private sewer system to serve the Bowl�irag Gr'r"•r�ra arca. Thi extension of sewer lines to Polkville is also being consider°ed as an adjunct to the s��wering of the Village of McGraw. Any sewer 1 i ne rur► to McGraw would cornu i.l o5e to Pol kvi •Ile and make severing this area feasible. As stated earlier, the Deve�lopmerct. Plan is a working document which must be reevaluated in terms of new trendy ar►d programs-� such as the County Sewer Agency for the urban area. Necessary ci�anges should be made to coordinate such studies with the goals and objectives o�r the Development Plan. l4, Primary treatment - removal of pollutants by filtration and settling. Water also chlorinated before release to °the environment. Generally removes up to 50 percent of pollutants. Secondary treatment - added to prin►ary treatment. Consists of biologir:al digestion of sewage by micro organi:,m�., Generally removes up to 90 percent of pollutants. Tertiary treat►nent - added to pr'imar�y and secondary treatment. An advanced process using specialized chemicals, Generally remaves up to 99+ percent of pollutants. �' TOWN BUILDINGS Town Office Building Consideration should be given to having preliminary drawings made for the future expansion of the building since a need appears to exist for additional office space and meeting rooms. Tf the building can be enlarged by constructing either another story on top of the existing building or a new adjoining building, the Town should begin planning for such an expansion in its Capital Improvement Program to be developed at a later stage. Town Garage Because this facility is in the approximate geographical center of the Town and is adequate, no foreseeable expansion appears to be necessary. Municipal Building This building, constructed in 1314, is in excellent condition, and the flan recommends that consideration�be given to acquiring additional land far future expansion of the facility for additional storage of fire vehicles or fora Town recreation center. POLICE COVERAGE The plan recommends that the Town begin monitoring police coverage and the growth of the Town to determine if police coverage is adequate, in relation to the rate of growth occurring in the Town. If signs are Pound that there are inadequacies in 'the police coverage, the Town should begin considering one of the following alternatives: 1. Cortlandville could contract with the Cortland County Sheriff's Department to provide at least one officer and one auto at all times - limited to Cortlandvil1e's municipal boundaries. 2. Cortlandville could contract with the City to increase the size of the City department 'to provide coverage to the surrounding municipality. 3. Cortlandville could establish its own department. 4. The City, the Village of Homer and the surrounding suburban area of Cortlandville could contract to develop an expanded City police department to provide coverage to the developed area. SCHOOL PLANS The Town of Cortlandville is currently.served by the school districts of McGraw, Homer, Dryden and Cortland15 All of these districts extend out of the Town and serve areas beyond the corporate limits of Cortlandville. 15. For further details on schools, see Chapter 7 � Map 8. 172 •IF e. �.• The McGraw Central School District, with headquarters in the Village of McGraw, serves the eastern portion of the Town of Cortlandville. The western boundaries of this district are formed by a line running south from the south- eastern corner of the City of Cortland to the southern Town boundary, and from the center of the City's eastern boundary irregularly east and northward to the Town line at a point just east of Streeter Road, The Homer School District, which has its central location in the Village of Homer, serves the Town of Co�^t�and�ile beginning at the northeastern corner of the City of Cortland westward across the Town north of the City, wrapping around the City west and south to an irregular line running east and west from near the southwestern corner of the City. The Dryden Central School District scr�ves a small portion of the Town of Cortlandville. This area abuts the Homer Central 5choo�l District on the north from Fairview Drive to the western Town boundary on a line midway between the Cortland -Groton Road. The southern boundary of this district extends irregularly south and westward from Fairview Drive just north of the Cortland -McLean Road to the western Town boundary following an irregular path a short distance south of Lime Hollow Road. The Cortland School District serves the balance of the Town of Cortlandville. This district was formerly limited to the City of Cortland, but now includes the south and southwestern portions of the i'own, as well as the area of the former Virgil Central School District, south of the Town. None of the four school districts contemplate any new construction during the next ten years or so. The only possible exception to this may be the Dryden School District if the population continues to grow within ' its area. If substantial growth does occur, the district may consider con- struction in five to ten years.lC Howevery if the population of Cortlandville increases to 10,407, as projected17it may be necessary, in terms of long range planning, to construct some new schools to meet the educational demand of the increased school-age population. The Plan suggest that two future elementary school sites be taken into consideration - one in the Homer District west of the City and one in the Cortland District, south of the City. Neither of these is given other than a generalized location, indicating that no specific site is recommended. 16This information was gathered through contact with each school districts headquarters. 17See Chapter 3, Population. It is felt that land use planning in the Town will have to consider open public areas, some of which will be, of necessity, school sites. Whether this occurs within the period projected by this Plan is not as important as the preservation'of such open areas as ultimate development occurs. The Plan suggests consideration of suitable area reservations for. this purpose. ,, PLANNING GUIDE FOR WATER USE BY TYPE OF ESTABLISHMENT Gallons Type of Establishments per day Airports (per passenger) 3-5 Apartments, multiple family (per resident) 60 Bathhouses (per bather) 10 Camps: Construction, semipermanent (per worker) 50 Day with no meals served (per camper) 15 Luxury (per camper) 100-150 Resorts, day and night, with limited plumbing (per camper) 50 Tourist with central bath and toilet facilities (per person) 35 Cottages with seasonal occupancy (per resident) 50 Courts, tourist with individual bath units (per person) 50 Clubs: Country (per resident member) TOO Country (per nonresident member) 25 Dwellings: Boardinghouses (per boarder) 50 Additional kitchen requirements for nonresident boarders 10 Luxury (per person) 100-150 Multiple family apartments( er resident) 40 Rooming houses (per resident 60 Single family (per resident) 5045 Estates (per resident) 100-150 Hotels with private baths (2 persons per room) 60 Hotels without private baths (per person) 50 Institutions other than hospitals (per person) 75-125 Hospitals (per bed) 250400 Laundries, self -serviced (gallons per washing, i.e., per customer) 50 Livestock (per animal) Cattle (drinking) 12 Dairy (drinking and servicing) 35 Goat (drinking) 2 Hog (drinking) 4 Horse (drinking) ) 12 Mule (drinking) 12 Sheep (drinking) 2 Steer (drinking) 12 Motels with bath, toilet, and kitchen facilities (per, bed space) 50 With bed and toilet (per bed space) 40 Parks: Overnight with flush toilets (per camper) 25 Trailers with individual bath units (per camper) 50 Picnic: With bath houses, showers, and flush toilets (pericnicker) 20 With toilet facilities only (gallons per picnicker 10 175 Type of Establishments Poultry: Chickens (per 100) Turkeys (per 100) Restaurants with toilet facilities (per patron) Without toilet facilities (per patron) With bars and cocktail lounge (additional quantity per patron) Schools: ,Boarding (per pupil) Day with cafeteria, gymnasiums, and Day with cafeteria but no gymnasiums Day without cafeteria, gymnasiums, o Service stations (per vehicle) Stores (per toilet room) Swimming pools (per swimmer) Theaters: Drive-in (per car space) Movie (per auditorium seat) Workers: showers (per pupil) or showers (per pupil) r showers (per pupil) gallons per day 5-10 10-18 7-10 2 �-3 2 75-100 25 20 15 10 400 10 Construction (per person per shift) 50 Day (school or offices per person per shift) 15 Source: Joseph DeChiara and Lee Koppelrnan, Urban Planning and Design Criteria, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1969 176 -«._ ,' i t, ; i; ;:�`t,,. ��i ..;,'.i., �, �ti '�+,ik, ;1 _1 1,kY�� ;f' �'p�,., 7f, (.:� kl .kliz,: `�}!'t $l� .,5���, 1.,. .£+.�� r�kkr, �_�k.. .. 6�� � �1 , ��� r� �. ';y�':5. , � .. ,i�: a .$-<'�'�i�.'.. n, ,�t1, :y..{ ,_•� ,. „S�t ,/ ,Yyl'- .�... . {U.tC?7� � „ .. .. .., .�.,�.i' ?.t..i. ,.!h. ,. .. a ::5.�?;sd,kr.�.,a4k.t,e.'�<.. ..,. ..,4�jN'J. :�L , k�^aj:., o..., i_,, i`. �h��ty1; ��iSq'; TOWN OF CORTLANDVILLE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT A. Applicant/Sponsor Town of Cortlandville and Cortland County ' B. Project Name and Location Town of Cortlandville Comprehensive Planning Program; Town of Cortlandville, Cortland County, New York. C. H.U.D. Program Comprehensive Planning and Management Assistance Program (701). D. H.U.D. Project A-95 Review The project required A-95 review and the State and Regional Clearing- houses performed this function when they reviewed the 1975-1976 joint Overall Program Design submitted by Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board. No adverse comments were received. E. Abstract The Town of Cortlandville Comprehensive Planning Program consists of a series of basic background studies as well as a development plan for the Town, The Town of Cortlandville is faced with significant growth potential because of its proximity to the City of Cortland urban center. Over the past ten years the Town of Cortlandville has been the fastest growing Town in the County and this trend should continue to the year 2000. The Master Plan seeks to provide the basic guidance for the form .and function of the Town. In designing the Master Plan the Planning Board has attempted to consider and express the community goals while simultaneously evaluating the planning factors which have been identified as being important to the Town's development. F. Environmental Impact The plans and policies being proposed by the Planning Board reflect the many effects development has upon the landscape and the intricate balance that nature has molded for itself. In undertaking this plan and the associated growth pattern, it is the belief of the Town that this balance need not be compromised, The ultimate thus becomes environ - 177 �:- IIIIIAU41F ENVIRONMENTAL A. Applicant/Sponsor Town of Cortlandville and Cortland County B.. Project Name and Location Town of Cartlandville Comprehensive Planning Program, Town of Cortlandville, Cortland County, New York, C. H.U.D. Program IrComprehensive Planning and Management Assistance Program (701). D. HoUaD. Project A®95 Review The project required A®95 review and the State and Regional Clearing® houses performed this function when they reviewed the 1975®1976 joint Overall Program Design submitted by Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board. No adverse comments were received. E. fAbstract The Town of Cortlandville Comprehensive Planning Program consists of a series of basic background studies as well as a development plan for the Town. The Town of Cortlandville is faced with significant growth potential because of its proximity to the City of Cortland urban center. Over the past ten years the Town of Cortlandville has been the fastest growing Town in the County and this trend should continue to the year 2000. The Master Plan seeks to provide the basic guidance for the form.and function of the Town. In designing the Master Plan the Planning Board has attempted to consider and express the community goals while simultaneously evaluating the planning factors which have been identified as being important to the Town's development. F. Environmental Impact The plans and policies being proposed by the Planning Board reflect the many effects development has upon the landscape and the intricate balance that nature has molded for itself. In undertaking this plan and the associated growth pattern, it is the belief of the Town that this mental protection which equitably.accomodates residential growth in con- junction with -the development of the industrial and commercial economic base and the preservation and protection of prime agriculturali1ands, The impact of new development, if done according to the Master Plan, will be in areas adjacent to previously developed lands near the City of Cortland, so that adequate water and sewage facilities can be provided. In addition (manor) areas of environmental sensitivity have been designated as open space for preservation. G. Adverse Impacts Which Cannot be Avoided „ Because of the suburban and growing character of the Town, the number of minor adverse impacts associated with construction may be moderate. However,.these would be limited to designated growth areas primarily near presently built up.:..,.: areas. This growth may include the use of septic systems.in the.short term with the provision of municipal systems as soon as densities permit. The growth would also cause increased run off. The elimination of small areas of agricultural and wooded land, etc. Beyond these relatively minor impacts is the problem of placing a tax burden of sorts on those persons who own land which is located in flood plains or on steep slopes where there are development restrictions. H. Alternatives To The Proposed'Plans and Policies The planning process is comprehensive in nature and alternative policies and programs such as uncontrolled, piecemeal or no growth have beep evol" uated and solutions sought. All are unreasonable solutions due to present growth demands and pollution standards. The Comprehensive development Plan sets forth those land use policies found to be the least destructive :. the environment and consistant with the community's goals, as outlined herein. I. Uses Of The Environment The Comprehensive Development Plan emphasizes long term productivity of the environment, as opposed to the unplanned short term consumption oi' resources to meet immediate needs. The program seeks coordinated and economic use of the community's resources within the framework of common community goals. J,Resource Committments 1. Encourage the preservation of the most valuable farmland and soils. 182 r � � __ � .�-t � �. � �, � �. t c � costs for public services. 5. Encourage the development of retail and commercial uses to take plays in those areas identified in the Town's Development Plan. 6. Encourage the design of the building and the surrounding landscape to blend in with the rural farm character of the Town and the area in which located. 7. Discourage the use of large illuminated signs in commercial areas. 8. Encourage industrial development to take place in those areas iden- tified in the Development Plan for the Town. 9. Discourage the type of industrial development that would have an adverse effect on the Town's environment, including air quality, water resources, land resources, wildlife, etc. 10. Encourage the development of a minimum of additional miles of new _ highways that will provide efficient traffic circulation. 11. Encourage the separation of pedestrian and vehicular circulation. 12. Encourage the improvement of existing utilities and discourage their extension into new areas other than the growth areas identified in the Development Plan. 13. Prevent development from taking place in areas where health hazards would be created by inadequate water, sewer, and drainage facilities, 14. Enc®urage the development of recreational facilities within the Town so that all sections of the Town have acceps to them. 15 Encourage the protection of natural resources for their best use for agriculture, conservation and recreation. 'J For the purposes of this P1 an, zoning may be defined as a division of a municipality into districts, and the regulation within those districts of: 1. The height and bulk of buildings and other structures; 2. The area of a lot which may be occupied and the size of required open spaces; 3. The density of population; 4. The use of buildings and land for trade, industry, residence, or other purposes.l The purpose of zoning is to prevent the establishment of land uses in such proximity as to exert an unfavorable influence on surrounding properties. If applied in a constant and judicious manner over a long period of time, �� the Zoning Ordinance of the Town can help bring about a gradual rearrangement of the land use pattern in accordance with the Development Plan and, where necessary or desirable, prevent undesirable patterns from developing. Once a revised Development Plan is endorsed by a Town, its revisions should be reflected in the Town's Zoning Ordinance. The Town of Cortlandville has decided to revise its 7_oning Ordinance as the second phase of its comprehensive planning program. This second phase is expected to begin in 1977 and will most likely take two years to complete. As part of the planning process, the Development Plan recommends that the zoning techniques discussed below be considered by the Town Planning Board for their applicability in the Town when the revision of the Zoning Ordinance begins. It is hoped that these techniques will help the Board in realizing the goal of preserving the rural character of the Town. One type of zoning, called exclusive agricultural zoning, relates directly to agriculture in that it provides for the establishment of districts in which farming is the, primary use and other nonagricultural uses are not permitted by right. Incompatible land uses accompanying land speculation are prevented from occurring. This type of agricultural zoning is. in contrast to the more widely used agricultural zoning where reciidential and other uses are 1. William I. Goodman, ed. and Eric C. Freund, assoc. ed., Principles and Practices of Urban Planning, (Washington, D.C.: International City Managers' Association, 1968), p. 403. 185 permitted. The Plan recommends consideration of two types of agricultural districts ®one exGlusi,vely 'for'agricultural ,uses and�:on.e for a'gricul=aural and non- agricultural uses, Another zoning technique for preserving farmland and open spaces i� thrqugh "transfer of development rights" (Transfer Zoning). This innovative new technique involves the transfer of development rights from designated agriculN aural lands (sending areas) to designated developable lands (receiving ares). Specifically, the owner of a, parcel of land designated as a sending area sells his potential development rights to a developer who owns land which has been designated as a receiving area. This permits the developer to increase the allowable density of his parcel by adding the development density of the send- . ing area to that which exists on his land. The result is that the farmland cannot be developed, while the developable parcel receivEs increased density „ and, theoretically, more profit from building on the site. This technique includes little cost to the general public since most costs are borne by the land owners. A third type of zoning which should be considered is called "clustering", which is discussed in greater detail in Chapter ,. Clustering is, in effect, a change in the .pattern of development itself. In a report entitled, Outdoor � Recreation for America, prepared by the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission and presented to the President and Congress of the United States, ' it was pointed out that: communities thought big lot sizes would guarantee open space, but in the typical subdivision, this hope proved to be an illusion; big enough to have to mow, too small to use, and a perfect amplifier of sound. Instead of forcing subdividers to chew up all of an area with rigid lot sizes, some communities have suggested that they group the houses in a tigher, more cohesive pattern [,see the illustration of two types of cluster patterns below]. This saves money for the developer, for he does not have to provide as much asphalt and service facilities. It may pay him to leave anywhere from 40 tq 60 percent of the land open and, as part of the bargain, this is deedgd for common use of the residents. Instead of a miscellany of back lots, there can be bridle paths, playgrounds, wooded areas and-- , that most desirable of community assets --a stream, flowing in the open and not buried in a concrete culvert. The potential of a series of open spaces is great. The open . space of each cluster development can be planned so that it can connect with others; by wise siting of publicly purchased land for parks and schools, there can be a unified network of open space in which each element contributes to the others.2 2. Outdoor Recreation for America, a Report to the President and to the Congress by the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1962), p. 150. 186 This zoning can be applied in the agricultural and low density residential areas identified in the Development Plan. This should help the Town in preserving, its rural character. .The last zoning concept presented here for consideration is called "planned unit development"�, which was also discussed in detail in Chapter 12 o,f.the Development Plan. The intent of the planned unit development is to .permit greater flexibility of site design and greater freedom to combine building types and uses in ways that would be prohibited by the detailed predeterminations of traditional zoning. At a minimum, the provision would do two things. First, instead of the lot -by -lot requirement traditional in zoning, it would apply some requirements to the entire project. Secondly, to assure that developers use their greater resulting freedom consistently �� with the Town's objectives, the provision would require discretionary review of the proposed site plans or designs by the Town Planning 6oard.3 This is a relatively new innovative zoning concept and it appears that the Town of Cortlandville would be a suitable community in which to implement this concept because it would help preserve the present character of the small rural town. SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS The purpose of subdivision regulations is to control the design and layout of streets and lots in new developments. Specifically, minimum standards are set for the alignment of streets at intersections, curves and other design elements, as well as construction standards for streets intended for dedication as public roads. Sizes and shapes of lots, as well as their arrangement, and other specifications can also be required to meet specified standards so that new subdivisions and adjoining properties can maintain their value and not become a burden on the rest of the community. In the above section on zoning the concept of clustering was briefly discussed. This concept can also be applied to the subdivision regulations through a technique called "open space subdivision." This is a way of design- ing residential subdivisions so as to include built-in, common open space in 3. Land Use Controls: Zoning and Subdivision Regulations (excerpts), quoted in David Listokin, ed., Land Use Controls: Present Problems and Future Reform (New Brunswick, NJ: Center for Urban Policy Research, Rutgers University, 1974), p. 27. addition to individual building lots. Homes may still have separate lawns and yards, but all of them will have access to expanses of open land which might be used for hiking, 6a11 playing, left in their natural states or a combination of uses. The goal of using this planning concept is to create open space and preserve the rural farm character of the Town.4 The approach is relatively simple. Open space is preserved b•y permitting a developer. to build on smaller lots than specified in the coning ordinance, coupled with the requirement that the land saved be preserved for permanent open space. Normally, no increase in the number of units wauld be permitted, thus retaini►�g the original density prescribed by the zoning ordinance.5. In the publication, prepared by the New York State Office of�Pi�anning Services, entitled The Open Space Subdivision, the conventional subdivision was compared with the open space subdivision showing some of the advantages derived from this planning technique. This comparison is presented in Figure 14 and it should prove helpful to the Town in evaluating this planning concept. CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM A long®range capital improvement program is an invaluable planning tool for the implementation of those elements of the Development Plan requir- ing public investment. The capital improvements program is a fiscal plan for the sources of revenue, timing and method of expenditures necessary to finance anticipated public improvements. The program covers a six year period and includes the acquisition of land, construction of public build- ings and other projects of long term benefit to the public. The program should be based on a plan of physical improvements such as that developed in the Town's Comprehensive Development Plan. 4. Office of Planning Services, State of New York, The Open Space Subdivision, Local Planning Guide Series (Albany, New York: Office of Planning Services, June, 1972), p. 3. Also see Town Law, Section 281. 5. Ibid. 12 FIGURE 14 r L. .., .. �., .A...! � .�� ., � NUMBER OF LOTS AVERAGE LOT SIZE PERCENT OF OPEN SPACE LINEAR FEET OF STREETS STREET COST LINEAR FEET OF SEWER LINE SEWER LINE COST _ � , 17,000 sq. ft. 10% 5,4001, f. $162,000 5,400 1.f. @$30�1<f. $162®000 :• 108 (72 s. f, detached) (36 s. f. attached) 10,000 sq. ft. (72 s. f. detached @ 13,000 sq. ft.) (36 s. f, attached @ 4,000 sq, ft.) 50% 4,900 I. f. $147,000 3,900 1.f. @ $30�1.f. $117,000 t' t �. ■IE' HOUSING CHOICE .� .; LEGAL REQUIREMENTS MAINTENANCE COST OF COMMON OPEN SPACE i /COSTS OF UTILITY LINES COSTS OF ROAD INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE RECREATION SPACE SITE PLAN NATURAL FEATURES, TREES, PONDS, ETC. AUTO TRAFFIC PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENTS .FIGURE 14 , (C®n�tinu�d) Generally none —only single family detached homes. Varies with location, price and market. Requires compliance with zoning and subdivision regulations. Only open space is in privately -owned yards. Usually high due to relatively larger lot sizes resulting in greater frontage High proportion of land devoted to streets results in higher costs. Private back yards and public parks (often located at a distance). Little opportunity for variety or imaginative design. Usually disturbed to facilitate construction and insure maximum number of units. Rapid through -traffic discouraged by good design. Intersections make walking unsafe, particularly for children. Wide range of housing types possible. Lends itself to diversity. Properly designed open space a strong selling point: Often outsells traditional subdivisions. Requires authorization by local governing body, and careful review by Planning Board. Costs are shared by residents through horneowners' association or assured by municipality when open space is publicly -owned. Townhouses or clustering of single-family homes can result in economies in instal- lation and maintenance. Minimal portion of total land area in streets with resultant economies. Easy access to large public or resident - owned common open spaces — as well as private back yards in most cases. Allows maximum flexibility. Preserved as amenities integral to site plan. Cul -desacs and general design discourage through -traffic. Can be designed to separate pedestrian and vehicular traffic for maximum safety. tl'.i i, Some of the benefits derived from this program are: 1. Implements the Town's Comprehensive Development Plan: Each program is based on the Development Plan and is coordinated into the overall comprehensive planning process of the Town. 2. Encourages yearly review of priorities: The capital improve- ments programming process encourages the annual review of priorities to insure that the most crucial projects are imple mented first. 3. Provides opportunities for coordination among projects with respect to location: It indicates areas of the Town where planning and action is required or could be beneficial. This in turn serves as a basis for contingency planning. �. Indicates where sites for projects are needed and advance acquisition should occur. 5. Provides for long-range financial planning by facilitating reliable capital expenditure and revenue estimates. 6. Fosters operation planning by each department of the Town. Since facility needs can only be determined by evaluating whether particular operating programs should be expanded, limited, or replaced, the necessity of submitting six-year capital requests fosters such evaluations. 7. Sets a framework for managerial decisions: In looking ahead six years to see what facilities should be constructed, depart- ments in the Town Government are forced to simultaneously determine the increased operating expenses produced by the construction of new physical facilities and seek ways of 6 operating the new facilities most effectively and efficiently. In reviewing this planning tool for the implementation of the Development Plan it is important to remember that capital improvement programs should never be regarded as fixed and final. Instead, the program must be subject to review and revision on a year to year basis. In contrast with the annual budget of the Town, which authorizes expenditures to the limits of individual departments or activity appropriations, sets the property tax rate and estid mates other revenues available for financing authorized expenditures,,the capital improvement program does not authorize the raising of revenues. It must be regarded as the best thinking available, at any point of time, as to what capital projects will be necessary in the future, their order of relative importance and the means of potential financing. 6. City of Baltimore, Department of Planning, Baltimore's Development Pro- gram,. 1973-1978 (Balti��iore: By author, 197?.). 191 .r 1C1AL MAP 1n orM.'r for° the `i'ciwii of Cor`i:'landyi I w to develop logical effic.IOWC r:aihl economical strebts avid drainage sys` eiffis, it mus`i; protect the 'Future righi;s-j)) way needed for these systerols, SUCK preventive action saves the ilitunicipal I Lly the cast of acquit°Ing an iiiipr`loved lot and structure aft an excessive cost, car resorting to an undesirable adjustment In i:he systent< Recognizing the need to protect 111hese r°ightsiz4oUway, the Stt,ate of New York has enacted laws onabin„ ing inunic:ipra'llties to establish Official P4apsa Under° this enabling legislation (Down Law Section 270), rrie Down may establish ari Oftric.ial flap of its area, showing the streets,, highways, parks, and drainage systems established by lawn It inay add future requirements fov facilities to the Official Mdp and the' 'land so reserved may not .bre used for other purposes without the consent of the municipality. It is important to understand that the "Official Map" is not tie Zoning map, nor is it the Town's Developviient Plan, Yrie Development Plan contain proposals ;for traffic circulation, drainage and park systems, and is a leant;j range guide for the Town's actions on 'these facilities, The Official Map gives legal status to these futurepublic t'acilitle.:; by placing future sites on thils' iri'apd The Official Map Isla'' valuable tool for Implementing certain proposals of the Development Plan because it assures the nec.�essar°.y land for these improvements and the oppor i,aiia i e � to regulate private development so as to minimize any undesirable impact oi-i the proposed system. Some additional advan'iages of the official inap are. 1. the Wisp, being o*P'ficial , 'is ro F'er°rc=;d tcJ by both pub'i is and pr°lusts agencies° z e Pr°open^ty owners ani Or°ospeC t:�i vc pure;hasers of land cavi deter°•, irtine �'r°ont `this inap f;he locatican crt' the property In respect to existing and proposed publics facilities, 3e `i�his map guides 'the Planning bc7arcl in its review and apraroval of" .<.;i_ihdivisic�n layoi.ttso `i6ie i-'ir°st seep in est.ab'iishing ran ot't'Ic�ia.`6 map is trr review the Oevc.loL�p- ment; Plan and then prepare a Oasis for the Official Map, showing the stree`i.� ,, parks and drainagesyst:erns,. Once �t.his °i ; accuinplIshed , the Town hoard holds :7. New York. State ia'll"t64o c,t' f'6anninct guar°clirlatlun, The Official Pia . A GLI ict0 for Citice_.s, tJ'i 6lagc�s P:irtd `t'ot,,tns in Nc7w Yor!<. `",tatelk��ny, Nc�w York. Oft'ic��' c�t''lrrrijng Coordination, `i96y)--_ a public hearing on the proposed official map. After the hearing, the Board takes final action to adopt the proposed map as the `town's �.fficial ,, ., ,,M�p. When first enacted, the Official Map shows only the legally establisVreza streets, highways, parks and drainage systems. It should be accurate and include. tfie status and names of the facil iti.es. So that all .existing recon°ris about these facilities wi1l•be considered part of the Official chap, a notation to this effect must be made ®n the map. Once adopted, no building perrni•ts can be issues! for the construction of a building in any area shown on the Official Map except in accordance wiuV► prescribed procedures. However, when a permit is denied, the.law does;�pro�r�ilde that, in the case of hardship, the Board of Appeals may grant r°elief that • wi11 cause the least change in the Of'•Ficial Map. .Any such permit should ���: ��granted in such a manner as to assure the minimum cost to the Towrr when i•t acquires thi s 1 and for the proposed favi 1 i ty. Before any such peryr►i t i s �� ��sur.�ri il the Town Board. should be notified so tha��it can determine whether to acgr.►�r�u the land at the time. The 6fficial Map is important in implementi►�g certain proposals in .th, Town's Development Plan. But .this map is neither a static document nor an end in itself. It requires careful preparation, diligent administration;, proper enforcement, periodic review and careful updating if the Tawn is t►a derive the upmost benefit. A proposed "iasis for an Official Map" has been prepared by the Town Planning Board and is recommended as part of the Town's Development Plarr (Map 12). The Map shows the location of the items: 1. The existing highway system9 proposed corridors fors new roads at a later date.and the recommended classification of each road with the proposed right-of-way: 2. The recommended drainage system with a 50 to l00 greenwa,y on both sides. • 3. Future sites for parks. 4. Future locations ®f,irrterchanges on the corridor o�F the future limited access highway, New York State Route 13. .The Plan recommends that thi s proposed"Basi s for an O�Ffi cia l Map°' be �ar�,�. full reviewed and changes made where appropriate so that it can be adopted as lg3 the Town's Official Map, The purpose of this Official Map is help implemv.4v6i: the Town's Development Plan achieve its goal of retaining the Town's small town rural character. in addition to the three primary tools of pian implementation, there i<„ another technique curytently being utilized within the Town to preserve pr°ifil agricultural lands. phis technique is agricultural districting, which was created following the enactment of a State Agricultural District Law in l�/i.. The law was enacted to "protect and enhance agricultural land as a viable segment of the State's economy and as an economic and environmental resourc: of major importance." $ An agricultural district protects valuable farmland i by removing some of the developmental pressures. It offers farm owners SiMll,� protection from the rising costs and other actions usually associated with urbanization and also provides differential assessments for agricultural 'laded, It can help to guide residential, industrial and commercial development toimfard nonfarm areas. There are elevt,n i(4ricultural districts in Cortland County, of which five are located all or part in the Town of Cortlandville (Map13 )m These -flxe.edistricts represent 12,218 --- or 39 percent of the total land.area withi,Y Town and most of them were established Lin 1973, The Agricultural Districi, Law provides that such districts shall be created for a eight year period., The Plan -will enable the Town to evaluate these districts to see which ar in City with the Plan before the districts are renewed after the eiyow year period° This preservation t echnique should be ertcour°aged to continue in the future because it; ,_,iri help preserve valuable farm land and the rural farm character of the 1owh Over the next twenty years, for the duration of the Planq many new in�l novative land use techniques will be creatoed9 The Town Planning Board s6ar:xaiid continually search for new techniques that will help to implement the Plan.. Notwithstanding these new concepts, the most effective approach to imple7bevJl= ing the Plan will come from an enlightened and informed citizenry. Only through the articulation of the needs and desires of the citizens and the willingness to cooperate by the developers will'the goals and objectives of the Plan be realized, 8.New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, How to Create an Agricultural District, 1972; p.2. 194 Books cont. Lestokin, David, ed. Land Use Controls:_ Present Problems and Future Reform. New Brunswick, New Jersey:Center for Urban Policy Research, .Rutgers University, 1974. Provos, Dimitri. Mixed Land�Use. Stroudsburg, Penn: Dowden, Hutchin$on and Ross, Inc., 1976. Shomon, James Joseph. Open ,Land for Urban America: Acquisition, Safekeeping_ and Use. Baltimore: National Audobon Society, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1972. Reports Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board. Central New York Region: Goals, Objectives and Policies. Syracuse�lew or : Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board, 1971. Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board. .Environmental Resources Management Handbook. Syracuse, New York: Central New Y®rk Regional Planning and Development Board, 1972. City of Baltimore, Department of P1anning.� Baltimore Mousing and Residens�_ tial Areas. Baltimore: By Author, 1970. City of Baltimore, Department of Planning. Baltimore's Development Program, 1973-1978. Baltimore: By Author, 1972. Gartland County Planning Board. Housing Market Analysis, Interim Report. Cortland, New York: Cortland County Planning Board, 1975. Gartland County Planning Board. Housin4: The People's View. Cortland, New York, Cortland County Planning Board, 1974. Cortland County Planning Board. Open Space: Inventory -Ana lysis. Cortland, New York: Cortland County Planning Board, 1974. Cortland County Planning Board. Profiles of Cortland County. Cortland, New York: By Author, 1973. Cortland County Planning Board. Recreation Inventory, 1972. Gartland, New York: By Author, 1972. Cortland County Planning Department. Alternative Land Use Plans. Cortland, New York: By Author, 1975. picks Associates. Planned Management Information Series: A Regional P -MIS for Allocation of Low and Moderate Housing. Syracuse, New York: Dicks Associates, 1975. Ecoplan, Inc. By Author, Open Space Plan for Erie County. Buffalo, New York: 1972. Reports Corc t a Planning/Environmental Research C017sUltants. Housing: A County-Pi^ab'lem. Cortland, New York: Cortland County Planning Board, '1973'. >' '`I Reed, Av'kthur, A Plan for the Development of The Town of Cortl andvi l l e. Syr�ra-:use, New o3Y r�C;--Ciy�uiihr p 16 --- ------------ Regional Planning Council. General Development Plan For The Baltimore Region. Ila] t•imorea By Author, 1972. Town • New 964 Southern Tier Fast Regional Planning and Development Board. Growth Area Study, Economic Activity, Norwich, New York: STERPDB, Section 4, draft report„ .Southerr'r'Il ier East Regional Planning and Development Board, Tioga County Park; and Open Space. Norwich, New York: STERPDB, 1971, affia Transplan, Inc, Airport Master Plan Eor Chase Field, Cortland County,, New York. New Yorke By Author, 1976 U,ea S® Department of Agricultural, Soil Conservation Service. Soil Survey Cortland County, New York, 19.61. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1961. U®S. Depari;m(�ri'tc of Agriculture, Bureau of the Census> Census of Ari�u1_iure, 1971s Wash°ington, D®C,o Governmen'� Printing Office 1971® U.S. Dc,I�¢�r°trneni. if Commerce, Bureau of Census,^ Census of Business, 19Ci3W�asl�ington, D>C®a Government Printing Office, 1963. Department. o7"' ComM U.S. erce, Bureau of the Census. Census of Business, 196'7. UJashington, D.C.4 Government Prin'�ing Office, 1967. U.S. Oepari;erieri''r, of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Census of Business, =1�l72,,, 6^!a',hin�lton, I.)C. d Government Printing Office, 1972, U®Sa Department'. oi= Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Census_ oi• Housing., 19C�O. Washin�!(:or►, D.C. o Government Printing Office, 19GC)e I)C'.I)ar"%i(1ent ()1' (:l,rrlillr_9r'f'e, Bureau'l" 1:%i(' Cnr"ISUS' < CenSUS of H®US'1 ng, _l�l7(�� L^lrrl;Irlr���'f,(,r,, I�,.C:,,„ Gc�ver•r(irrc;rit Pr�In'i;irrg t�"'I�ij����=-:�"c�7U. U.S. Depar^ton€_ani; of Curronorrc��y Bureau oi: 'L ie Census. Census o'F-P--o�u`la" i;ion,Wr�sl"rirr(,tr►rr,(Acrv�jr°niri(�nt Printinc3 Off.ic(�j, 98 , .- i.., ., • �i'._ , ,.favi • . . Yearbooks Cont. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of •the Census. Census of Popula- tion, 1970. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1970, bulletins .Pamphlets Bryant, W•illiarir R. Farmland Wreserva•tion Alternatives in�Semi�S�burban Areas. !.theca, New Yorke NoY.Se Gol7�g� or Agriculture and Lift' Science, Cornell Univer�i�ty, 1975. Conklin, �ib���aaro `E. and Linton, Robert E. The Nature and Distributian of Farro�inc� 7n New .York State. Albany, New York: Office of Planriing --��:_ ---------- . Ser�v�cesa 1969. N.Y.S. Department o�`' Environmental Conservation. How to Create an " Agricultural District. Albany, New York: Publication Office, 1972. N.Y.S. Department of Labor, bureau of Labor. Market Analysis. Albany, �. New York: Department of Labor N.Y.S. Department of Labor, Division of Research and Statistics. Cornmu�tation in New York State, 1960 acrd 1970. New York: Publirat�on Office, 1974.— -- --- N.Y.5. Department of Labor, Manpower Planning Secretariat. Economic- Profile�Cort1and County, NY, 1975. Albany, New York: Publication Offic�9 "1975. New Yori< State Office of Planning Coordination, Lacal Planning and Zoning, Albany, Naw York: Office of Planning Coordination, 1969. New York State Office of Planning Coordination. The Official Map: A Guide _for Cities, Villages_ -and Towns in New York State. Albany,'NeW York: Of�F�ce of Planning Coordination, 1969. New York State Office of Planning Coordination. Zoni°nc� in New York State: A Guide to the Preparation ofloning Ordinances. Albany, New York: Office of Planning C©ondina•�ion, 1968. New Yorl< State Office of Planning Services. Control of Land Subdivision: A Manual of Subdivision Reclulations for Municipal Officials, Subdivision Dev�1 open°s and Pl anr►i nq S©aids . �llliany, New Yorl<: Office of Planning • Services, 19740- ---- — . New York S•i,ate Of7"ice�of Planning Services. Facts on Mobile Homes. New York: Office or`' Planning Services, 1972. Albany, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ourdoor Recreation. Outdoor Recreation Space Standards. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing, ��70,- - - - - - - - �'. la ''�;., ���, 1.. �� � _ .. .�. .�.,,.<_.....,.a-,��}.1:,'LY •�'_JJ.W1�,1r.2... ,a+�1 Si. .., u.,�., �.4.d.,•. s.. 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P4GE � !O 15 78 8 � 12 �' � � • r �� Theodore E. �ollendeck, AIP Planp�ing Directar Jeffrey k.o Churchill Senior Planner Fred Ma Doger, Associate A�(' P1 annex Larry Mastrogiacomo P] anner�' .Charles Murphy R.lanning Assistant'' Dave Reid Draftsman {7emporary) Deborah Norton Stenagrapher Sharon Diescher Stenographer, . .,. � ,. ��