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Home My WebLink AboutCU Meinig P-FSP-SP-PB packet 10-15-24 (2) DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING 215 N. Tioga St 14850 607.273.1747 www.town.ithaca.ny.us TO: Planning Board Members FROM: Christine Balestra, Senior Planner DATE: October 8, 2024 RE: Cornell University Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Center Project – Preliminary and Final Site Plan Approval, Special Permit Enclosed please find materials for consideration of Preliminary and Final Site Plan Approval and Special Permit for the proposed Cornell University Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreational Facility, located at Robison Alumni Fields on Tower Road on the Cornell University central campus. The project involves replacing the Robison Alumni Fields with a 90,000+/- square foot, 56-foot-tall indoor fieldhouse building and a new synthetic outdoor field hockey field, along with new sidewalks and pedestrian connections, stormwater facilities, landscaping, lighting, and other site improvements. The majority of the project is located within the City of Ithaca with a small portion in the Town of Ithaca. Here is a very quick timeline of the Meinig Fieldhouse project review process thus far:  Town Planning Board received packet of materials for project, including Full EAF Part 1, at sketch plan review meeting Jan. 16, 2024. Board issued concurrence with City of Ithaca Planning & Development Board (PDB) to be Lead Agency in environmental review of project.  City PDB declared Lead Agency in NY State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) process Jan. 23, 2024.  Project removed from Feb. 20, 2024, Town Planning Board agenda at request of applicant.  Town Planning Board met May 21, 2024, to review revised application materials, which included larger, multipurpose outdoor synthetic playing field adjacent to proposed Fieldhouse, and relocation of field hockey field to Game Farm Road in Town of Ithaca. Board discussed segmentation relative to SEQR process, decided to forward staff memo from May 21st meeting to Lead Agency (City PDB).  Planning staff forwarded staff memo to Lead Agency May 22, 2024.  Lead Agency informally determined on May 28, 2024, that SEQR segmentation was appropriate.  Lead Agency held subsequent public hearings, made negative determination of environmental significance Sept. 3, 2024; resolution from that meeting (attached to signed enclosed Full EAF) approved segmentation of environmental review. Meinig Fieldhouse project considered separate from future proposed field hockey field, anticipated to be located on Game Farm Road in Town of Ithaca.  City PDB granted Preliminary and Final Site Plan Approval for portion of Fieldhouse project within city on Sept. 26, 2024. The purpose of the October 15, 2024, meeting is for the Town Planning Board to consider Preliminary and Final Site Plan approval and Special Permit for only the portion of the Meinig Fieldhouse project that lies within the Town of Ithaca. The Board received full application materials associated with the project at the previous meetings noted above. The attached materials include a summary of the proposal, with plans and drawings that are relevant to the consideration of site plan and special permit approval. The town part of the Meinig Fieldhouse project includes roughly 15% of the fieldhouse building itself, along with proposed stormwater piping to an existing stormwater facility on the southeast corner of the 2 site, new water and fire hydrant connections, new mountable granite curbs, replacement of existing grass field areas and sidewalk with a paved walkway that can double as a fire access road, landscaping consisting of several trees, shrubs, and ornamental grasses, and the addition of ten, 14-foot tall site light poles. According to the application materials, the light poles will comply with the Town Outdoor Lighting Law and will emit an LED color temperature between 3000K and 4000K. Among the attachments is a memo written by the Town Engineering Department relative to the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) that was submitted for the project. There are no post- practices in the town-side of the project. Impervious surfaces consist of the building and walkways. All exposed artificial turf and stormwater practices associated with the project are located within the city limits. In addition to site plan and special permit approval, the project will require area variances from the Town of Ithaca Zoning Board of Appeals. Specifically, the proposed Fieldhouse building will exceed the 36’/38’ maximum allowable height (56’ proposed) and the 10% maximum allowable building area (existing area is 20%, proposed is 20.6%) for the Low Density Residential Zone. The attached draft resolution contains a condition of approval that the project receive any necessary variances from the Zoning Board of Appeals prior to the issuance of a building permit for the project. Please feel free to contact me by phone at (607) 273-1721, extension 121 or by email at cbalestra@town.ithaca.ny.us if you have questions before the meeting. Att. Cc: Elisabete Godden, Project Manager, Cornell University Facilities and Campus Services Kimberly Michaels, Director of Landscape Architects, TWM, a Fisher Associates Landscape Architecture Studio Lisa Nicholas, Director of Planning and Economic Development, City of Ithaca Leslie Schill, Director of Campus Planning, Cornell University, Office of the University Architect DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING Stormwater, Sanitary Sewer, Potable Water, Roads, Parks, and Trails 114 Seven Mile Drive, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850 ENGINEERING@TOWN.ITHACA.NY.US PHONE: 607.273.1656 FAX: 607.272.6076 www.town.ithaca.ny.us ENGINEERING MEMORANDUM FROM: David O’Shea P.E., Director of Engineering Emily Rodgers, Civil Engineer Justin McNeal, Civil Engineer TO: Kimberly Michaels, Director of Landscape Architecture CC: Town of Ithaca Planning Board DATE: October 4, 2024 RE: Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Facility We have reviewed the provided Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan for the Cornell University Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field Volumes I and II dated September 9, 2024, and the associated plan set dated April 19, 2024 revised June 28, 2024. Specifically, we reviewed the Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, and the drainage area sub-catchments located within the Town of Ithaca. We offer the following comments: Stormwater: • On page 3 of the SWPPP Vol. I narrative please add the following additional comment: “If any fill sites are located within a designated MS4, the MS4 must approve the site and sign onto the SWPPP as an additional MS4.” • Winter stabilization procedures and specifications must be added to the construction drawings in accordance with the Construction General Permit and the New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control. Location of proposed Meinig Fieldhouse - Existing Conditions Aerial Photo 2024 prepared by Town of Ithaca Planning staff 10-4-2024 Municipal Boundary Town on east/right City on west/left PROPOSED RESOLUTION: Preliminary & Final Site Plan, Special Permit Cornell University Meinig Fieldhouse Town of Ithaca Tax Parcel No. 67.-1-13.2 Planning Board, October 15, 2024 WHEREAS: 1. This action is consideration of Preliminary and Final Site Plan Approval and Special Permit for the proposed Cornell University Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreational Facility, located at Robison Alumni Fields on Tower Road on the Cornell University central campus. The project involves replacing the Robison Alumni Fields with a 90,000+/- square foot, 56-foot-tall indoor fieldhouse building and a new synthetic outdoor field hockey field along with new sidewalks and pedestrian connections, stormwater facilities, landscaping, lighting, and other site improvements. Cornell University, Owner; Kimberly Michaels, TWM, a Fisher Associates Landscape Architecture Studio, Applicant/Agent, 2. Approximately 80% of the Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Center project is located within the City of Ithaca. The overall project area totals 7+/- acres, with 5.8+/- acres in the City of Ithaca (including the proposed outdoor synthetic turf field hockey field, approximately 74,000+/- square feet of the proposed fieldhouse building, most of the proposed paving, landscaping, lighting and stormwater management facilities) and 2.1+/- acres in the Town of Ithaca (including approximately 16,000+/- square feet of the proposed fieldhouse building, some paving, landscaping, lighting, and stormwater facilities), 3. The project is a Type I action under the New York State Environmental Quality Review Act (6 NYCRR Part 617), for which the City of Ithaca Planning and Development Board, acting as Lead Agency, issued a negative determination of environmental significance on September 3, 2024, 4. The Town of Ithaca Planning Board, at a Public Hearing held on October 15, 2024, reviewed, and accepted as adequate a Basic Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, along with an application submission titled “Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Facility, Site Plan Review Materials Submission,” prepared by Fisher Associates and dated September 20, 2024; said materials were supplemental to previously-submitted application materials and drawings dated December 15, 2023, April 19, 2024, and June 10, 2024, and other application materials, and 5. Project plans, and related information, were duly delivered to the Tompkins County Planning and Sustainability Department per New York State General Municipal Law §§239- l et seq., and such Department responded in a January 16, 2024, letter from Katherine Borgella, Tompkins County Commissioner of Planning, pursuant to §§239-l, -m, and -n of the New York State General Municipal Law, determining that the proposed action will have no significant county-wide or inter-community impact; NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: 1. That the Planning Board hereby finds that the Special Permit standards of Article XXIV Section 270-200, Subsections A – H, of the Town of Ithaca Code, have been met, specifically that: A. The project will be suitable for the property on which it is proposed, considering the property’s size, location, and physical site characteristics.  The project is located on the Cornell University campus and will be constructed over two existing sports fields. The property’s size, location, and physical site characteristics can accommodate a fieldhouse building and associated amenities. B. The proposed structure design and site layout are compatible with the surrounding area.  The structure design is modern and will be located among other modern and historic structures on the Cornell University central campus. The structure and site layout are compatible with the surrounding college campus area. C. Operations in connection with the proposed use do not create any more noise, fumes, vibration, illumination, or other potential nuisances than the operation of any permitted use in the zone.  The proposed project will produce temporary noise, vibration, and other nuisances associated with construction. Such nuisances will cease upon completion of the project. Proposed illumination will comply with the Town Outdoor Lighting Law (Town Code, Chapter 173). D. Community infrastructure and services, such as police, fire and other protective services, roadways, schools, and water and sewer facilities are currently, or will be, of adequate capacity to accommodate the proposed use.  The proposal is largely located within the City of Ithaca, which contains its own community infrastructure and services. The services in the Town of Ithaca portion of the project are of adequate capacity to accommodate the proposed use. E. The proposed use, structure design, and site layout will comply with all the provisions of the Town Code and with the Town of Ithaca Comprehensive Plan, except where the Zoning Board of Appeals are considering area variances/appeals. F. The site layout, with proposed vehicular, bicycle and pedestrian access, traffic circulation, and parking and loading facilities, is sufficient for the proposed use and is safely designed for emergency vehicles.  The small portion of the site layout that will be in the Town of Ithaca includes a widened walkway that is specifically designed to accommodate multiple modes of transportation, including emergency vehicles. G. The project includes sufficient landscaping and/or other forms of buffering to protect surrounding land uses. Existing vegetation is preserved to the extent possible.  The surrounding land uses are college campus uses, which are the same as the proposed use. Most of the tree loss associated with the project will occur in the City of Ithaca. The fieldhouse building will be constructed over an existing disturbed site. The project includes a robust and sufficient landscaping plan surrounding the building and site. H. To the extent deemed relevant by the Planning Board, the proposed use or structure complies with all the criteria applicable to site plan review set forth in Chapter 270, Zoning. 2. That the Town of Ithaca Planning Board hereby grants Preliminary and Final Site Plan Approval for the proposed Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Facility, as described in the materials listed in Whereas #4 above, subject to the following conditions: a. Before issuance of a building permit, receipt of any necessary variances from the Zoning Board of Appeals, b. Before issuance of a building permit, and per the memo written by David O’Shea, Emily Rodgers, and Justin McNeal, Town of Ithaca Engineering Department, dated October 4, 2024, revision of the SWPPP Volume 1 narrative to include the following additional comment: “If any fill sites are located within a designated MS4, the MS4 must approve the site and sign onto the SWPPP as an additional MS4,” and c. Before issuance of a building permit, and per the memo written by David O’Shea, Emily Rodgers, and Justin McNeal, Town of Ithaca Engineering Department, dated October 4, 2024, addition of winter stabilization procedures and specifications to the construction drawings, in accordance with the Construction General Permit and the NYS Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control. Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Facility Site Plan Review Materials Submission Cornell University Ithaca, NY September 30, 2024 September 30, 2024 C.J. Randall, Director of Planning Department of Planning, Town of Ithaca 215 North Tioga Street Ithaca, NY 14850 Dear Director Randall, Attached please find additional site plan review materials regarding the Meinig Fieldhouse / Alumni Fields project for Cornell University. Apart from updated renderings, this materials has been submitted in our previous packages. We compiled what we felt were the most important site plan related items into this package for the planning board's convenience. Please reference the full drawing set and multiple narrative packages previously submitted for additional items not included here. We received preliminary and final site plan approval from the City of Ithaca at their meeting on Thursday, September 26. We are looking forward to discussing Preliminary and Final Site Plan Approval at your October 15 meeting. If you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to call. Sincerely, Kimberly Michaels Director of Landscape Architecture Fisher Associates Fisher Associates, P.E., L.S., L.A., D.P.C. 1001 West Seneca Street, Suite 201 | Ithaca, New York 14850 ph: 607.277.1400 | www.twm.la | www.fisherassoc.com TABLE OF CONTENTS Project Overview/Site Plan 1 Landscaping and Planting Plan 1 Stormwater Strategy 2 Architectural Design 3 Site Materials 3 Site Lighting 3 Signage 3 Renderings 4 Planting Plan 9 Planting Schedule 10 1 Project Overview/Site Plan Cornell University is proposing to construct the Meinig Fieldhouse, an indoor sports and recreation center, on Cornell’s Central Campus in the area currently occupied by Robison Alumni Fields. The Meinig Fieldhouse is a 90,000SF building at 56 feet tall which will enable year-round practice and play space for athletes as well as limited competition venue for NCAA Lacrosse Players. The project also includes a new 92,098 SF (93,098 SF with perimeter curb) multi-purpose synthetic turf athletic field that will support a variety of sports activities for much of the year. The site plan includes 21 bicycle parking spaces separated into three bicycle parking facilities. Which will be easily accessible from pedestrian or fire access pathways and will not intrude into these walkways. One (1) non-ADA parking space will be removed from the Bartels Lot to the south because of the proposed project. Three (3) ADA accessible parking spaces will remain in the Alumni Lot to the north, and 8 ADA accessible parking spaces in the Bartels Lot to the south. Landscaping and Planting Plan Natural landscaping around the building will include a variety of species with a strong emphasis on using native, non-invasive plant materials. During construction, a total of 18 Quercus rubra will be removed, and 60 trees will be planted on site, resulting in a net addition of 42 trees on the site. As noted in the Planting Plan under separate cover, the trees to be planted include: 2 •(11) 2.5” caliper Acer rubrum ‘Redpointe’ •(14) 8-10’ height Amelanchier x grandiflora ‘Autumn Brilliance’ •(18) 8-10’ height Betula papyrifera ‘Oenci’ •(10) 8-10’ height Cercis canadensis ‘Northern Strain’ •(7) 2.5” caliper Ulmus americana ‘Princeton’ A variety of shrubs, perennials, ground covers, and a native planting mix are also proposed to be planted on the site. Reference enclosed planting plan and schedule for additional information. Stormwater Strategy All of the proposed stormwater management practices will be located within the City of Ithaca. Runoff from the artificial turf field and a majority of the proposed fieldhouse will be conveyed to a single below grade detention system with the required volume to detain the 1% chance storm event. This system will use manufactured chamber units encased in an envelope of stone and be located underneath the turf field. Diversion structures will be placed upstream of the detention system to direct runoff from low flow events to the system’s pretreatment “isolator rows”. Higher flow events will bypass the isolator rows and enter the system directly. An outlet control structure will be installed downstream of the system to ensure discharge rates do not exceed the existing conditions. Sand filter units, located underneath the below grade detention system, will provide water quality treatment for the required water quality volume (WQv). A bioretention filter located in the open space north of the fieldhouse will provide additional WQv treatment and satisfy the project runoff reduction volume (RRv) requirement. Additional WQv will be provided by a hydrodynamic separator located in the landscaped area south of the proposed fieldhouse. 3 Architectural Design The Meinig Fieldhouse will be an inviting athletic venue designed to embrace the spirit of outdoor play indoors. The flexible open fieldhouse space will be able to accommodate all types of team sports and individual fitness routines. The Meinig Fieldhouse is designed with a clean architectural aesthetic. A few folded façade moments provide clarity to the building entries, while glazing on the corners open an opaque façade, allowing inviting glimpses into the activity space from all approach directions. The architectural composition is expressed through a clean palette of materials including metal panel and strategically placed storefront glazing. The majority of the building envelope is composed of insulated metal panel installed horizontally and decreasing in width from the bottom of the façade to the top. The metal panel finish is paired in contrast with angled glazed storefront at each of the four corners. The large triangle shaped glazed openings provide views in and out of the facility and incorporate natural light into the activity space. The entire facility sits on a brick curb that visually lifts the volume and also provides a durable yet attractive base for protection from day to day maintenance operations and a clean edge for adjacent plantings and landscape. On the interior the field house walls consist of metal panels and exposed super structure with metal decking above. The building support bar is primarily painted gypsum wall board while the flooring materials consist of a mix of functional and performance-based materials including polished concrete at the entries, rubberized flooring at the team rooms and artificial infill turf at the field house activity space. Site Materials All pedestrian walkways are proposed with a minimum six-foot width. Site paving will include asphalt and concrete walkways. Other site hardscape items include precast concrete seat walls, and cast-in-place concrete stairs. Site furnishings include bicycle racks, and recycling/trash receptacles. Railings and guardrails are proposed to be stainless steel. Other site materials include a river stone drip edge along the outer perimeter of the building, decomposed granite pathways, concrete retaining walls, and a black vinyl chain link fence with pedestrian and vehicular swing gates along the hockey field perimeter. Site Lighting Site lighting within the project limit of work will be a combination of building-mounted and campus standard pedestrian pole-mounted fixtures, which will be dark sky compliant and will be 3-4000K. Site lighting levels will be designed for safety and security as well as comfort for individuals using the exterior areas. The site design will utilize Cornell University standard poles and fixtures. Lighting cut sheets are provided in the appendix. Athletic field hockey light fixtures will be sharp cut off and have a color temperature of LED 5700 K – 75 CRI, per NCAA requirements for play and recording. The 5700k color provides maximum white bright color similar to daylight and is the industry standard for athletic field lighting. Warmer color temperatures, (3000k), make it harder for athletes and spectators to see the ball and increase the number of fixtures needed to achieve the same light levels. Signage Exterior signage will be in compliance with Cornell standards and will be compatible with nearby signage elements. 4 Renderings Figure: Meinig Fieldhouse and multipurpose athletic field viewed looking south from Tower Road 5 Figure: Multipurpose athletic field viewed looking east from Weill Hall 6 Figure: Meinig Fieldhouse viewed looking northeast from southwest corner of building 7 Figure: Meinig Fieldhouse viewed looking northwest from southeast corner of building 8 Figure: Meinig Fieldhouse and multipurpose athletic field viewed looking south from Tower Road, at night ALUMNI FIELD PARKING LOTINDOOR SPORTS &RECREATION CENTERPARKING LOTKANE SPORTS COMPLEX & CHARLES F. BERMAN FIELDWEILLHALLALUMNI FIELDLIMIT OF WORKLIMIT OF WORKLIMIT OF WORK LIMIT OF WORKTOWN OF ITHACACITY OF ITHACAMUNICIPAL BOUNDARYMAINTAIN EXISTING GRASS. DO NOTDISTURB STORMWATER PRACTICE(14) AG(6) BO(4) BO(2) BO(3) AR(5) UP(2) UP(3) AR(2) AR(6) BO(10) CN(3) AR(100)NFG(100)NFG(100)NFG(9) VDVT-09RIP-RAP STONE PROTECTION,REFER TO C105(554) CP(374) CP(522 sf) TSFOREBAY LOW MIX (682 sf)BIORETENTION MIX (2,770 sf)FOREBAY HIGH MIX (630 sf)(95 sf) TS(840) CP(90) CP(584) CPLOW-MOW NATIVEUPLAND PLUG MIX(1,342 sf)(886) CP(671) CP(612) CP(10) AA(11) MP(3) MP(7) AM(8) AM(7) IR(1) IV2(43) AM(57) CS(60) MD(38) MD(53) AMEXTENTS OFSTRUCTURAL SOIL(11) IM(12) ISLOW-MOW NATIVEUPLAND PLUG MIX(1,140 sf)(8) PA(9) PA(11) PA(13) PA(6) PA(12) PA(10) PA(10) PA(11) PA(9) PA(6) MP(8) SK(45) SK(42) CS(1,344 sf) TL(1,609 sf) TL(382 sf) TL(284 sf) TL(3,443 sf) TL(3,298 sf) TL(3,459 sf) TL(622 sf) TL(30,696 sf) TSLOW-MOW NATIVE UPLANDPLUG MIX (7,828 sf)PLANTING PLANL5-01LEGENDDESCRIPTION:CANOPY / UNDERSTORY TREESYMBOL:PROPOSED DECIDUOUS TREE,SEE SCHEDULEVT-07SEEL8-03VT-06VT-06VT-01PROPOSED FLOWERING TREE,SEE SCHEDULEDESCRIPTION:SHRUBS AND GROUNDCOVERSYMBOL:SEEL8-03SHRUBVT-02STORMWATER MANAGEMENT MIXVT-05PLUG PLANTINGVT-03LIMIT OF WORK (LOW)MUNICIPAL BOUNDARYTURF GRASSBULB PLANTINGPERENNIALVT-03Plot Date: 9/24/2024File: G:\28020.00\3.0_Working\3.9_CAD\1_SheetFiles\L5-01_PLANTING PLAN.dwgSaved By: arenaudSealDrawing No.Drawing Title:Key MapProject Title:Client Project No:Drawn By:Checked By:Approved By:Issue Date:06.28.2024SC, TSAR, TS, SCAG, ZCDRAWING ISSUE & REVISION HISTORYNo.DescriptionDateSasaki Project No:1183528020.00ARCHITECT + LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTSASAKI110 Chauncy StreetBoston, MA 02111TEL. 617.926.3300www.sasaki.comCIVILTG MILLER605 West State Street, Suite AIthaca, NY 14850TEL. 607.272.6477www.tgmillerpc.comSTRUCTURALLEMESSURIER1380 Soldiers Field RoadBoston, MA 02135TEL. 617.868.1200www.lemessurier.comMEP/FPRFS ENGINEERING71 Water StreetLaconia, NH 03246TEL. 603.524.4647www.rfsengineering.comBUILDING AND FIRE CODEHOWE ENGINEERS141 Longwater Drive, Suite 110Norwell, MA 02061TEL. 781.878.3500www.howeengineers.com06/28/2024CD BID SETIndoor Sports & RecreationCenter and Sports FieldTower Road | Ithaca, NY 14853Cornell UniversityNorthScale: 1" = 20'CHARLES F. BERMAN FIELDWEILLHALL PLANTING NOTES:1.REFER TO L5-02, PLANTING SCHEDULE, FORLEGEND OF GROUNDCOVER AND PLANTSPECIES.2.PROVIDE MATCHING SIZES AND FORMS FOREACH SPECIES OF TREE INSTALLED ON GRID ORSPACED EQUALLY IN ROWS AS SHOWN ONDRAWINGS, SUBJECT TO REVIEW BY THELANDSCAPE ARCHITECT.3.PROVIDE MATCHING SIZES AND FORMS FOR ALLHEDGE PLANTINGS. SPACE EQUALLY(TRIANGULARLY) AS SHOWN.4.INSTALL ALL TREES A MINIMUM OF 3 FEET/1METER FROM BACK OF CURB, EDGE OF WALLOR PAVING.5.FORM MINIMUM 3 INCH/75 MILLIMETERWATERING BASIN AROUND ALL TREES NOTINSTALLED PAVED AREAS. FILL TREE RING WITHA 3 INCH/75 MILLIMETER LAYER OF MULCH.6.NO MULCH OR SOIL TO BE LEFT DIRECTLY ONROOT CROWN.7.REMOVE ALL GIRDLING ROOTS FROM NEW TREEMATERIAL.8.REMOVE TOP AND SIDES OF B&B TREES BURLAPAND WIRE FRAMES, REMOVE ANY EXCESS SOILFROM AROUND ROOT CROWNS.9.FOR BOXED TREES, REMOVE FOUR VERTICALSIDES OF BOX, LEAVING BOTTOM OF BOXINTACT IN TREE PIT.10.FOR BARE-ROOT OR MISSOURI GRAVEL TREES,FOLLOW CLIMATE CONTROLRECOMMENDATIONS OF SUPPLIER, SOAKHYDROGEL SPRAYED ROOTS FOR ONE HOURBEFORE PLANTING. SEE ROOT CROWN 1/2 INCH/13 MILLIMETERS ABOVE ADJACENT SOIL, ANDEVENLY SPREAD OUT ROOTS AND BACKFILL OFSOIL TO AVOID GROUPING OF ROOTS OR FINEROOTS, BUT RATHER RADIALLY ARRANGINGROOTS WITHIN TREE PIT.11.GENTLY LOOSEN OR CUTAWAY PLASTICCONTAINERS FROM CONTAINER STOCKPLANTINGS. FOR HIGHLY ROOT-BOUNDCONTAINERS, SHAVING ROOTS CUTTING FINEROOTS FOR THE OUTER 1/4 INCH/7MILLIMETER OF CONTAINER, FOR MILDLYROOT-BOUND CONTAINERS, HAND LOOSENBEFORE PLANTING.12.EACH LOCATION OF TREE SHALL BE STAKED ATAPPROXIMATE FINISH ELEVATION BYCONTRACTOR FOR REVIEW BY LANDSCAPEARCHITECT AND APPROVAL PRIOR TO FINALINSTALLATION. ALL TREES IN AREA SHALL BESTAKED FOR REFERENCE AND LIMITS OF PLANTBEDS AND PAVING CLEARLY MARKED AT AMINIMUM.13.PLANT NAMES ARE ABBREVIATED ON THEDRAWINGS. SEE PLANT LEGEND FOR KEY ANDCLASSIFICATION.14.ALL TREES TO HAVE A 3 INCH/75 MILLIMETERTHICK LAYER OF MULCH, AND SHRUB ORHERBACEOUS PLANTING AREAS TO RECEIVE 2INCH/50 MILLIMETER THICK LAYER OF MULCH,SEE SPECIFICATIONS.15.DO NOT PLANT GROUND COVERS, HEDGES, ORFLOWERING PLANTS WITHIN 3 FEET/1 METEROF ANY EXISTING AND/OR PROPOSEDHYDRANTS, PIV, FDC, DCDA, ETC.16.SEE SPECIFICATIONS FOR ANCHOR, TREECOLLARS, AND ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS ANDREQUIREMENTS NEEDED FOR PLANTING. SYMBOLCODEBOTANICAL NAMECOMMON NAMESIZECONTAINERQTYREMARKSTREESARACER RUBRUM 'REDPOINTE'REDPOINTE RED MAPLE2.5" CAL.B&B11AGAMELANCHIER X GRANDIFLORA 'AUTUMN BRILLIANCE'AUTUMN BRILLIANCE APPLE SERVICEBERRY8-10` HEIGHTB&B14CLUMP, SPECIMENBOBETULA PAPYRIFERA `OENCI`RENAISSANCE OASIS® PAPER BIRCH8-10` HEIGHTB&B18CNCERCIS CANADENSIS `NORTHERN STRAIN`NORTHERN STRAIN EASTERN REDBUD8-10` HEIGHTB&B10MULTI-STEM SPECIMENUPULMUS AMERICANA `PRINCETON`PRINCETON AMERICAN ELM2.5" CAL.B&B7SHRUBSAAARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA 'BRILLIANTISSIMA'BRILLIANT RED CHOKEBERRY#3POT10AMARONIA MELANOCARPA `UCONNAM165`LOW SCAPE MOUND® BLACK CHOKEBERRY#2POT111CSCORNUS SERICEA `ARCTIC FIRE`RED TWIG DOGWOOD#2POT99ISILEX GLABRA 'SHAMROCK'SHAMROCK INKBERRY HOLLY#2POT12IRILEX VERTICILLATA `RED SPRITE`RED SPRITE WINTERBERRY#7POT7IV2ILEX VERTICILLATA 'JIM DANDY'JIM DANDY WINTERBERRY#7POT1IMITEA VIRGINICA 'MERLOT'MERLOT SWEETSPIRE#2POT11MDMICROBIOTA DECUSSATASIBERIAN CARPET CYPRESS#3POT98MPMYRICA PENSYLVANICA 'BOBZAM'BOBEE™ NORTHERN BAYBERRY#7POT20SKSYRINGA PUBESCENS PATULA `MISS KIM`MISS KIM KOREAN LILAC#5POT53VDVIBURNUM X RHYTIDOPHYLLOIDES 'DARTS DUKE'DARTS DUKE LANTANAPHYLLUM VIBURNUM#5POT9PERENNIALSPAPOLYSTICHUM ACROSTICHOIDESCHRISTMAS FERN#1POT99SYMBOLCODEBOTANICAL NAMECOMMON NAMESIZECONTAINERSPACINGQTYREMARKSGROUND COVERSCPCAREX PENSYLVANICAPENNSYLVANIA SEDGE---PLUG10" o.c.4,611TSTURFTYPE 1- CORNELL TURFGRASS SEED BLENDSEED31,313 SFTLTURF SEED LOW GROW MIXTYPE 2- LOW-GROW MIXSEED14,442 SFBIORETENTION MIX2,770 SFIV3IRIS VERSICOLORBLUE FLAG4"POT25% @ 12" o.c.720JE2JUNCUS EFFUSUSSOFT RUSH4"POT25% @ 12" o.c.720LC2LOBELIA CARDINALISCARDINAL FLOWER4"POT20% @ 12" o.c.576PC2PANICUM VIRGATUM 'CAPE BREEZE'CAPE BREEZE SWITCH GRASS4"POT30% @ 12" o.c.864FOREBAY HIGH MIX630 SFAD2ASTILBE JAPONICA 'DEUTSCHLAND'DEUTSCHLAND JAPANESE ASTILBE4"POT20% @ 12" o.c.131CB2CAREX FLACCA 'BLUE ZINGER'BLUE ZINGER SEDGE4"POT50% @ 12" o.c.327PHPENSTEMON DIGITALIS 'HUSKER RED'HUSKER RED BEARDTONGUE4"POT30% @ 12" o.c.196FOREBAY LOW MIX682 SFCGCHELONE GLABRAWHITE TURTLEHEAD4"POT40% @ 12" o.c.284JE3JUNCUS EFFUSUSSOFT RUSH4"POT60% @ 12" o.c.426LOW-MOW NATIVE UPLAND PLUG MIX10,310 SFATASCLEPIAS TUBEROSABUTTERFLY MILKWEED---PLUG3% @ 12" o.c.322AL2ASTER LATERIFLORUSCALICO ASTER---PLUG3% @ 12" o.c.322BCBOUTELOUA CURTIPENDULASIDE OATS GRAMA---PLUG20% @ 12" o.c.2,143CLCOREOPSIS LANCEOLATALANCELEAF TICKSEED---PLUG3% @ 12" o.c.322EVELYMUS VIRGINICUSVIRGINIA WILD RYE---PLUG15% @ 12" o.c.1,607HFHELIOPSIS HELIANTHOIDESFALSE SUNFLOWER---PLUG3% @ 12" o.c.322PNPYCNANTHEMUM TENUIFOLIUMNARROW-LEAF MOUNTAIN MINT---PLUG7% @ 12" o.c.750RHRUDBECKIA HIRTABLACK-EYED SUSAN---PLUG3% @ 12" o.c.322SSSCHIZACHYRIUM SCOPARIUMLITTLE BLUESTEM---PLUG40% @ 12" o.c.4,287SNSOLIDAGO NEMORALISGRAY GOLDENROD---PLUG3% @ 12" o.c.322PLANT SCHEDULENFGNARCISSUS 'FEBRUARY GOLD'YELLOW DAFFODILTOPSIZEBULBRANDOM300HAND BROADCASTPLANTING SCHEDULEL5-02Plot Date: 9/24/2024File: G:\28020.00\3.0_Working\3.9_CAD\1_SheetFiles\L5-02_PLANTING SCHEDULE.dwgSaved By: arenaudSealDrawing No.Drawing Title:Key MapProject Title:Client Project No:Drawn By:Checked By:Approved By:Issue Date:06.28.2024SC, TSAR, TS, SCAG, ZCDRAWING ISSUE & REVISION HISTORYNo.DescriptionDateSasaki Project No:1183528020.00ARCHITECT + LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTSASAKI110 Chauncy StreetBoston, MA 02111TEL. 617.926.3300www.sasaki.comCIVILTG MILLER605 West State Street, Suite AIthaca, NY 14850TEL. 607.272.6477www.tgmillerpc.comSTRUCTURALLEMESSURIER1380 Soldiers Field RoadBoston, MA 02135TEL. 617.868.1200www.lemessurier.comMEP/FPRFS ENGINEERING71 Water StreetLaconia, NH 03246TEL. 603.524.4647www.rfsengineering.comBUILDING AND FIRE CODEHOWE ENGINEERS141 Longwater Drive, Suite 110Norwell, MA 02061TEL. 781.878.3500www.howeengineers.com06/28/2024CD BID SETIndoor Sports & RecreationCenter and Sports FieldTower Road | Ithaca, NY 14853Cornell University ADOPTED RESOLUTION City of Ithaca Planning & Development Board Preliminary & Final Approval Site Plan Approval Meinig Fieldhouse- Indoor Sports & Rec Center 239 Tower Rd September 26, 2024 WHEREAS: the City of Ithaca Planning and Development Board has one pending application for site plan approval for an indoor sports and recreation center located at 239 Tower Rd by Kimberly Michaels, Trowbridge Wolf Michaels, a Fisher Associates Landscape Architecture Studio, and WHEREAS: the applicant proposes to construct the Meinig Fieldhouse, an indoor sports and recreation center of approximately 90,000 SF on the existing Robison Alumni Fields which is composed of natural grass and artificial turf fields, sidewalks, spectator viewing areas, and parking lots. The Meinig Fieldhouse will accommodate a field that will be programmed to support NCAA requirements for women and men lacrosse competitions; a varsity soccer pitch and/or varsity football field for practices; and the facility will host campus recreation, club, and intramural sport teams. The proposed building will also include a mechanical room, restrooms, a training room, and storage on the ground floor; two team rooms, restrooms, an area for elevated filming and mechanical spaces on the second level mezzanine accessible by both stairs and elevator; and on each level an area for a limited number of spectators. The project is located in central campus and the limit of disturbance is proposed to be approximately 7 acres in total, with 5.8 acres in the City and 1.2 acres in the Town of Ithaca. The project site is located in the U-1 Zoning District in the City of Ithaca and will require no variances and is located in the Low-Density Residential Zoning District in the Town of Ithaca and will require variances in the town, and WHEREAS: this is a Type 1 Action under the City of Ithaca Environmental Quality Review Ordinance §176-4 B.1(b), (n), and 8(a), and the State Environmental Quality Review Act (“SEQRA”) §617.4 b. (11) and is subject to environmental review, and WHEREAS: the City of Ithaca Planning and Development Board, being the local agency, which has primary responsibility for approving and funding or carrying out the action, did on January 23, 2024 declare itself Lead Agency in Environmental Review for the proposed project, and WHEREAS: the Planning Board, acting as Lead Agency in Environmental Review, did on September 3, 2022, review and accept as adequate: a Full Environmental Assessment Form (FEAF), Part 1, submitted by the applicant, and Parts 2 and 3 prepared by Planning staff; Indoor Sports and Recreation Center & Multi-Purpose Field Packet (26 pp C100-L8-11) dated 04/19/24 and prepared by Project Consultants including Sasaki Architect + Landscape Architect, T.G. Miller, P.C., Lemessurier, RFS Engineering, Howe Engineers; Vehicle Tracking Study (2 pp) prepared by above consultants and dated 03/20/23; Seven diagrams dated 04/19/24 and prepared by TWLA A Fisher Associates Landscape Architecture Studio; and other application materials, and WHEREAS: legal notice was published, and property posted in accordance with Chapters 276-6 (B) (4) and 176-12 (A) (2) (c) of the City of Ithaca Code, and WHEREAS: the Planning and Development Board held the required Public Hearing on June 25, 2024, and WHEREAS: interested parties have been given the opportunity to comment on the proposed project, and any received comments have been considered, and WHEREAS: the Planning Board did, on September 3, 2024, determine that the proposed project will result in no significant adverse impacts on the environment and issued a Negative Declaration of Environmental Significance, and WHEREAS: this Board did on September 26, 2024 review and accept as adequate the following new and revised drawings: Renderings of Meinig Fieldhouse (3 pp.) submitted 09/13/24 and all prepared by Fisher Associates Landscape Architecture Studio; Planting Plan & Schedule L5-01 & L-5-02 dated 04/19/24 and prepared by Sasaki Architect & Landscape Architect and project consultants; and other application materials now, therefore, be it RESOLVED: that the Planning and Development Board does hereby grant Preliminary & Final Site Plan Approval subject to the following: The following conditions must be satisfied before issuance a Building Permit: i. This site plan approval does not preclude any other permit that is required by City Code, such as sign permits, tree permits, street permits ii. Acceptance of the SWPPP by the City Stormwater Management Officer The following conditions must be satisfied within six months of site plan approval or the start of construction, whichever comes first iii. Submission to the Planning Board for review and approval of placement, design, and photometrics of site lighting fixtures iv. Submission to Planning staff and any issues bring to Planning Board for review and approval of all site details including but not limited to landscaping details, exterior furnishings, walls, railings, bollards, paving, signage, lighting, etc. v. Submission to Planning staff and any issues bring to Planning Board for review and approval of outdoor and indoor artificial turf field details including performance shock pad, infill, and blades The following construction must be satisfied during the construction period vi. If impacted groundwater and/or soil are encountered during construction, it is required to be handled in accordance with the applicable NYSDEC regulations and requirements and with the involvement of both the City of Ithaca and the NYSDEC in the approval and monitoring of the treatment system(s) vii. Conduct third party testing of the artificial turf carpet for the presence of PFAS before it leaves the manufacturer to comply with the goal that there artificial turf will not contain or be treated with PFAS in the New York Article 27, Title 33 Carpet Collection Program Environmental Conservation (ENV) CHAPTER 43-B, ARTICLE 27- NY Carpet EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) Law that will go into effect on December 28, 2024, and submit results to Planning staff viii. Noise producing construction activities will be limited to the hours between 7:30 A.M. and 5:30 P.M., Monday through Friday (or Saturday 9:00 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. with advance notification to and approval by the Director of Planning and Development) The following conditions must be satisfied before issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy: ix. Installation of bike racks and/or bike storage x. Any changes to the approved project must be submitted to Planning Staff for review and may require Board approval xi. Installation of any required or proposed sidewalk to the satisfaction of the City Sidewalk Coordinator xii. Repair, replacement or reconstruction of any City property damaged or removed during construction including, but not limited to paving, sidewalk, curbing, trees or tree lawn, signage, drainage structures, etc. Moved by: Correa Seconded by: Khoury In favor: Khoury, Correa, Rollman, Petrina Against: None Abstain: Godden Absent: Sutcliffe Vacancies: One WII7[IIflfl)Ll.flVICjProjectIMeingEjeidhouse239TowerRoadDate109-03-24FullEnvironinentalAssessmentFormPart3-EvaluationoftheMagnitudeandImportanceofProjectImpactsandDeterminationofSignificancePart3providesthereasonsinsupportofthedeterminationofsignificance.TheleadagencymustcompletePart3foreveryquestioninPart2wheretheimpacthasbeenidentifiedaspotentiallymoderatetolargeorwherethereisaneedtoexplainwhyaparticularelementoftheproposedactionwillnot,ormay,resultinasignificantadverseenvironmentalimpact.BasedontheanalysisinPart3,theleadagencymustdecidewhethertorequireanenvironmentalimpactstatementtofttrtherassesstheproposedactionorwhetheravailableinformationissufficientfortheleadagencytoconcludethattheproposedactiotiwillnothaveasignificantadverseenvironmentalimpact.Bycompletingthecertificationonthenextpage,theleadagencycancompleteitsdeterminationofsignificance.ReasonsSupportingThisDetermination:Tocompletethissection:•IdentifytheimpactbasedonthePart2responsesanddescribeitsmagnitude.Magnitudeconsidersfactorssnchasseverity,sizeorextentofanimpact.•Assesstheimportanceoftheimpact.Importancerelatestothegeographicscope,duration,probabilityoftheimpactoccurring,numberofpeopleaffectedby-theimpactandanyadditionalenvironmentalconsequencesiftheimpactweretooccur.•Theassessmentshouldtakeintoconsiderationanydesignelementorprojectchanges.•RepeatthisprocessforeachPart2questionwheretheimpacthasbeenidentifiedaspotentiallymoderatetolargeorwherethereisaneedtoexplainwhyaparticularelementoftheproposedactionwillnot,ormay,resultinasignificantadverseenvironmentalimpact.•Providethereason(s)whytheimpactmay!orwillnot,resultinasignificantadverseenvironmentalimpact•ForConditionalNegativeDeclarationsidentil5’thespecificcondition(s)imposedthatwillmodifytheproposedactionsothatnosignificantadverseenvironmentalimpactswillresult.•Attachadditionalsheets,asneeded.SeePart3narrativeOjWCftPRCQso4\msscDeterminationofSignificance-Type1andUnlistedActionsSEQRStatus:EType1LUnlistedIdentifyportionsofFAFcompletedforthisProject:PartIPart2Part3 UponreviewoftheinformationrecordedonthisEAF,asnoted,plusthisadditionalsupportinformationasdescribedinthePart3narrativeandconsideringboththemagnitudeandimportanceofeachidentifiedpotentialimpact,itistheconclusionoftheCityofIthacaPlanningBoardasleadagencythat:A.Thisprojectwillresultinnosignificantadverseimpactsontheenvironment,and,therefore,anenvironmentalimpactstatementneednotbeprepared.Accordingly,thisnegativedeclarationisissued.flB.Althoughthisprojectcouldhaveasignificantadverseimpactonthecnvironment,thatimpactwillbeavoidedorsubstantiallymitigatedbecauscofthefollowingcotiditionswhichwillberequiredbytheleadagency:Therewill,therefore,benosignificantadverseimpactsfromtheprojectasconditioned,and,therefore,thisconditionednegativedeclarationisissued.AconditionednegativedeclarationmaybeusedonlyforUNLISTEDactions(see6NYCRR617.7(d)).flC.ThisProjectmayresultinoneormoresignificantadverseimpactsontheenvironment,andanenvironmentalimpactstatementmustbepreparedtofurtherassesstheimpact(s)andpossiblemitigationandtoexplorealternativestoavoidorreducethoseimpacts.Accordingly,thispositivedeclarationisissued.NameofAction:MeinigFieldhouse,239TowerRoad,Ithaca,NY14850:SitePlanReviewandVarancesNameofLeadAgency:CityolIthacaPlanningBoardNameofResponsihleOfficerinLeadAgency:NikkiCerraTitleofResponsibleOfficer:Environmental&LandscapePlannerSignatureofResponsibleOfficerinLeadAgency:DigitallysignedbyNikkiDate:09/09/24N.kk.CIICrra—Date:2024.09.09SignatureofPreparer(ifdifferentfromResponsibleOfficer)0:i7:45-04’OODate:ForFurtherInformation:ContactPerson:NikkiCerraAddress;108EGreenStIthacaNY14850TelephoneNumber:607-274-6550E-mail:ncerracityofithaca.orgForTypeIActionsandConditionedNegativeDeclarations,acopyofthisNoticeissentto:ChiefExecutiveOfficerofthepoliticalsubdivisioninwhichtheactionwillbeprincipallylocated(e.g.,Town/City/Vtllageof)Otherinvolvedagencies(ifany)Applicant(ifany)EnvironmentalNoticeBulletin:http:/Aw.dec.ny.gov/enb/enb.htmlPRINTFULLFORMPage2of2 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIIIProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/16/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24PROJECTDESCRIPTIONTheapplicantproposestoconstructtheMeinigFieldhouse,anindoorsportsandrecreationcenterofapproximately90,000SFontheexistingRobisonAlumniFieldswhichiscomposedofnaturalgrassandartificialturffields,sidewalks,spectatorviewingareas,andparkinglots.TheMeinigFieldhousewillaccommodateanartificialturffieldthatwillbeprogrammedtosupportNCAArequirementsforwomenandmenlacrossecompetitions;avarsitysoccerpitchand/orvarsityfootballfieldforpractices;andthefacilitywillhostcampusrecreation,club,andintramuralsportteams,Theproposedbuildingwillalsoincludeamechanicalroom,restrooms,atrainingroom,andstorageonthegroundfloor;twoteamrooms,restrooms,anareaforelevatedfilmingandmechanicalspacesonthesecondlevelmezzanineaccessiblebybothstairsandelevator;andoneachlevelanareaforalimitednumberofspectators.Sitechangesincludeconstructionofamultipurposeartificialturffield,proposedlandscaping,lighting,andbikeracks.Theprojectislocatedincentralcampusandthelimitofdisturbanceisproposedtobeapproximately7acresintotal,with5.8acresintheCityand1.2acresintheTownofIthaca.TheprojectsiteislocatedintheU-iZoningDistrictintheCityofIthacaandwillrequirenovariancesandislocatedintheLow-DensityResidentialZoningDistrictintheTownofIthacaandwillrequirevariancesinthetown.ThishasbeendeterminedtobeaType1ActionundertheCityofIthacaEnvironmentalQualityReviewOrdinance§176-4B.1(b),{n),and8(a),andtheStateEnvironmentalQualityReviewAct(“SEQRA”)§617.4b.(11)andissubjecttoenvironmentalreview.IMPACTONLANDTheprojectislocatedonataxparcelintheCityofIthacaapproximately147-acresandlocatedonaparcelintheTownofIthacaapproximately31acres.Thelimitofdisturbance,andtheprojectsiteitselfisapproximately7.3acres,with5.8acresintheCityand1.2acresintheTown.Theprojectsiteisapreviouslydeveloped,relativelyflatsitelocatedintheCornellUniversitycentralcampus.TheprojectsiteisboundedbyTowerRoadonthenorth,WeillHallonthewest,BartelsHallandparkinglottothesouth,andtheRobertJ.KaneSportsComplexFieldontheeast.Thesitecurrentlyhasablackchainlinkfencealongtheentireperimeterenclosinganopennaturalturfarea/grassyplayingfieldsinthewesternportionandanexistingartificialturffieldhockeypitch,RobisonAlumniFields,ontheeasternportion.Projectimplementationwillrequirethedemolitionofthegrassfieldsandtheassociatedutilities,theartificialturffield,andinfrastructure.Constructionisexpectedtolastapproximately16months.Astheexistingconditionsincludeafieldhockeypitchandtheapplicants’previoussubmissionincludedaproposed77,354SFfieldhockeyfieldwithamenities,andnowtherevisedprojectscopeincludesaproposed92,098SF(93,098SFwithperimetercurb)multipurposesyntheticturfathleticfieldthatwillsupportavarietyofsportsactivitiesformuchoftheyear,CityPlanningstaffhasrecommendedtheenvironmentalreviewbesegmentedbecauseafutureportionofthisproject,thereplacementofthefieldhockeyfieldwilltakeplaceentirelywithintheTownofIthaca,CityofIthacaPlanningBoardapprovaloftheproposedMeinigFieldhousedoesnotcommittheTownofIthacatoapproveanyofthedevelopmentofafieldhockeyfieldassociatedwiththepropertyonGameFarmRoadintheTownofIthaca,andsegmentationoftheenvironmentalreviewforthenewMeinigfieldhouseintheCityofIthacaandTownofIthacafromtheenvironmentalreviewforanyfuture1 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIIIProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/1S/24,06/17/24,07/16/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24developmentofthefieldhockeyfieldintheTownofIthacawillnotbelessprotectiveoftheenvironment,becausetheconstructionanduseofafieldhouseintheCityofIthacaincentralcampusdoesnotsharecommonenvironmentalimpactswiththeconstructionanduseofanewfieldhockeyfieldoveroneandhalfmilesawayallotcentralcampusintheTownofIthacaintermsoftraffic,noise,lighting,visual,stormwater,utilitiesandotherimpacts.ThepermissiblesegmentationwillbeincludedintheC/SEQRdeterminationresolutioninwhichtheLeadAgencywilldetermine.Theproposed90,000SFbuildingwillbelocatedintheSEsectionoftheapproximate305,000SFprojectsite,withabuildingfootprintapproximately2.1acresThetotalareaofdisturbancefortheproposedbuildingandassociatedimprovementsis7.3acres.Theareaofimpervioussurfacewillincreasefrom4.07acresto5.79acres,foranetincreaseof1.72acresofimpervioussurfaces.Accordingtotheapplication,nomaterialwillberemovedfromthesite(3600CVcutandfill);allexcavatedmaterialswillremainonsite.TheAlumniFieldworkwillrequireanadditional3,500CVofimportedaggregate(SupplementalInformation,June10,2024,submittedbytheapplicants).IntheReportonCornellUniversityIndoorSportsandRecreationCenter&FieldHockeyPitchdatedFebruary2024andpreparedbyH&AofNewVorkEngineeringandGeology,LLP,theengineersdeterminedthesitetobe“generallyfavorableforsupportingnewbuildingloadsonconventionalspreadfootingfoundationsfoundeddirectlyonnaturallydepositedsoils.”Thereportspecifiesthedesignfortheshallowfoundationsoftheproposedindoorsportsfacility.Asfortheartificialturf,atthetimeofthereportitwasproposedtobeafieldhockeyturf,theyrecommendedremovalofexistingtopsoildowntosubgradeelevation,thenusingalargecompactionrollertoprepare“firm,dryandstablesubgrade,”and“maintainingadryandundisturbeddesignsubgrade”duringtheconstructionoftheartificialturffieldandforthepermanentcondition,“Ataminimum,thesub-turfdrainagesystemsmustbedesignedsuchthatthesystemisentirelyandatalltimesabovegroundwaterlevel.”Theengineersdetailedthesystemassuch:PendingfurtherdiscussionswithSasokiregardingfinalsurfocegradingandestimatedthnoffvolumecalculations,werecommendasub-turfdrainagesystemdesigncomprisedofalayerofdouble-washed,AASHTONo.57crushedstone(Sosakitodetermineminimumthicknessrequired)withperforatedHDPEpipes(sizedbySasaki)embeddedwithinthecrushedstonesoastoeffectivelycollectandtransportbygravityanyaccumulatedrunoffwaterthatfiltersfromtheturflayerabovetoanappropriatelysizedon-sitecollection/groundwaterrecharge/infiltrationsystem(ordirectdischargeintoapermittedstormdrain).Priortoplacingthecrushedstoneandperforatedpiping,andtofacilitateverticaldrainageofstormwater,ananwovengeotextilefabric(MirafiIGONorsimilar)shouldbeplacedontopofthepreparedandapprovedsubgrode.Theartificialturfhasalifecycleofapproximately8-12years.TheapplicantsintheirlettertotheCitydatedJuly8,2024indicatedthatthesyntheticturfanditsvariouscomponentswillbereusedandrecycledinthefollowingways:1.Theperformanceshockpadwillbeusedfor2-3syntheticturfcyclesandcanberecycledforuseinfutureshockpads2 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIllProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/16/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/242.Theinfillforthefieldwillbeextractedandeitherreusedinreplacementfieldsorrecycledataturfprocessingfacility3.ThebladescanberepurposedforothersportsfacilitiesorconvertedtomixedpolymerplasticproductsTheJulygthletterfurthercitesrecentremovalofsyntheticturfprojectsatCornell:1.TheSchoellkopfSyntheticTurfReplacementprojectfrom2016includedsandandrubberinfihlreusethatwasextractedfromtheexistingfieldandusedonthenewfield.TheturfwasrepurposedbyArtificialGrassRecyclingCorporation.2.Portionsoftheoutfieldsyntheticturf,fromtheHoyBaseballField2023project,werereclaimedandusedintheindoorhittingfacilityatBoothfield.TheturfandrubberandsandinfillweresenttoReTurf,anartificialturfreusecompanybasedoutofStotesville,NorthCarolina.Asartificialturfisanimpervioussyntheticsurface,theLeadAgencyaskedtheapplicantstoconsultanaturalturfexpertregardingthefeasibilityofusingnaturalturfinsteadofartificialturf.Dr.FrankRossi,NewYorkStateExtensionTurfgrassSpecialistandAssociateProfessorofHorticultureintheSchoolofIntegrativePlantScienceatCornellUniversityIthacacampussubmittedalettertotheLeadAgencydatedAugust29,2024,outlininghisprofessionalopinionontheproposalfortheoutdoorsyntheticturffield.Dr.Rossistates:Syntheticturfsystemshaveadvantagesforusage,especiallyduringthespringsportsseason,thatsimplycannotbematchedbyanycurrentlyavailablenaturalgrasssystems...Consideringcostbenefitandenvironmentalconcerns,naturalgrasssystemscannotmeettheexpectedusedemandsofthesefieldsforspringsportsseasons,evenwithinvestmentsinthelatesttechnologyandnotconsideringenergyintensiveinputsofmowing,irrigation,andnutrientuse(wecurrentlymanagethefieldwithfewpesticides).Thelatesttechnologyisalsoveryexpensive,typicallyemployedonlybyprofessionalsportsteamsandmajorDivisionIathleticsprogramsforcompetitionfieldsandinvolvesartificiallightingandtemperature-controlledrootzonesystemsusinghydronicsforheatingandcooling—practicesthatcomewithanassociatedenergyinputsandcarbonemissioncost.Dr.RossifurtherelaboratesthathedoessharetheconcernsofsomecommunitymembersregardingthePFASandmicroplastics,butthatlatestresearchpapersindicateeliminatingcrumbrubberinfillandusingaplant-basedinfilladdressesmostoftheseconcerns.Hefurtherstates,“Whilethiswouldhavetheeffectoflimitingsomeuseoftheoutdoorfieldinthecoldestwintermonthsduetofreezing,Ihavestronglyrecommendedtotheprojectteamthattheyconsiderthischangeanddevelopbestpracticesformanagingnaturalin-fillsurfaces.”Dr.Rossialsorecognizesthestormwatersystemproposedbytheprojectengineers.DavidHerrick,T.G.Miller,PrincipalEngineerwithP.C.EngineersandSurveyors,confirmedattheCityofIthacaPlanningBoardmeetingonSeptember3,2024,theproposedstormwatersystemwillremovesediments,includingmicroplastics,downtoaparticlesizeof0.212millimeters.Thisisadequatetopreventmovementofmicroplasticslargerthan.212millimetersofftheplayingsurfaceinstormwater.3 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIllProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/16/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24TheapplicantsstatedattheCityofIthacaPlanningBoardmeetingonSeptember3,2024,thattheyarecommittedtomeetingthegoalthatthereartificialturfwillnotcontainorbetreatedwithPFASintheNewYorkArticle27,Title33CarpetCollectionProgramEnvironmentalConservation(ENV)CHAPTER43-8,ARTICLE27-NYCarpetEPR(ExtendedProducerResponsibility)LawthatwillgointoeffectonDecember28,2024.Further,theapplicantsagreedtothirdpartytestingoftheartificialturfcarpetbeforeitleavesthemanufacturer.TheresultswillbesubmittedtotheCitystaff.TheLeadAgencyhasdeterminedthatbasedontheinformationabove,nosignificantimpacttolandisanticipated.IMPACTONGEOLOGICFEATURESThesiteisinapreviouslydevelopedareaatCornellUniversitywithnogeologicfeaturespresent.TheLeadAgencyhasdeterminedthatbasedonthisinformation,nosignificantimpactongeologicfeaturesisanticipated.IMPACTONSURFACEWATERThesitedoesnotcontainsurfacewaterfeatures.Thenaturalturffieldsgenerallydraintowardsthewestover<2%gentleslopesandtheartificialturffield/fieldhockeyfieldgenerallypitchestothesouth.Theproposedbuildingisapproximately90,000SFandreplacesanexistingartificialturffieldhockeyfieldandassociatedamenities.Asyntheticturffieldof93,098SFwithperimetercurbisproposedtothewestofthebuildingandwillbebuiltasamultipurposeathleticfield.AccordingtotheFEAFIsubmittedbytheapplicant,thenetchangeinimperviousmaterialswillbeanincreasefromtheexisting2.3acrestoproposed5.6acresimpervioussurfaces.Atotalincreaseofapproximately1.72acresofimpervioussurfaces.Theapplicantspropose,“Stormwaterdrainageimprovementsinsupportoftheproposedbuildingandartificialturffieldwillincludeasystemofdrainageinlets,manholes,underdrains,roofleaderconnections,andswales.Drainagepatternswillremainconsistentwiththeexistingconditionstothemaximumextentpossible.”(SitePlanReviewApplicationReport,12/15/23).Aswell,theReportfurtherelaboratesthestormwatersystems:Runofffromtheproposedbuildingandartificialturffieldwillbeconveyedtoasinglebelowgradedetentionsystemwiththerequiredvolumetodetainthe.2%chancestormevent.Thissystemwillusemanufacturedchamberunitsencasedinanenvelopeofstoneandbelocatedunderneaththeturffield.Diversionstructureswillbeplacedupstreamofthedetentionsystemtodirectrunofffromlowfloweventstothesystem’spretreatment‘7solatorrows”.Higherfloweventswillbypasstheisolatorrowsandenterthesystemdirectly.Anoutletcontrolstructurewillbeinstalleddownstreamofthesystemtoensuredischargeratesdonotexceedtheexistingconditions.Waterqualitytreatment,includingboththerequiredwaterqualityvolume(WQv)andrunoffreductionvolume(RRv),willbeprovidedbymeansofinfiltration.PermeabilitytestingwillbeperformedinaccordancewiththeNYSDECStormwaterDesignManual.AbioretentionfilterlocatedintheopenspacenorthofthebuildingwillprovideadditionalWQvtreatmentaswellascontributeto(RRv).AdditionalWQvwillbeprovidedbya4 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIIIProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/16/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24HydrodynamicSeparatorwhichwilltreatrunoffcollectedfromadjacentimperviousareos.AlloftheproposedpermanentstormwatermanagementpracticeswillbelocatedwithintheCityofIthaca.Theapplicantsareproposinga2,295SFbioretentionfilterwithaforebayapproximately850Sfinthenorthwestcorneroftheprojectwhichwillreceiverunofffrom24%oftheroofareaofMeinigFieldhouseaswellasrunofffrom.32acresofthesite.Thefilterwillremovepollutants,slowdownandcoolthestormwater.Theapplicants’lettertotheCitydated7/8/24,furtherelaborates“Theremainingareaoftheroofiscollectedandconveyedtothebelow-gradedetentionandsandfiltersystembelowthenewoutdoorfield.”TheentireAlumnifieldandgreenspacenorthofthebuildingdraintoabelow-gradedetentionandsandfiltersystemwhilethesidewalksandlandscapeareatothesouthofthebuildingdrainthroughaHydrodynamicseparator.DavidHerrick,T.G.Miller,PrincipalEngineerwithP.C.EngineersandSurveyors,confirmedattheCityofIthacaPlanningBoardmeetingonSeptember3,2024,theproposedstormwatersystemwillremovesediments,includingmicroplastics,downtoaparticlesizeof0.212millimeters,usingasandfilterandnon-wovengeotxtile.Withalloftheaboveforstormwatermanagement,allofthestormwaterwillbetreated.Thetotalareaofdisturbanceisgreaterthan1acre,sotheprojectteamwillsubmitaFullSWPPP,includingerosionandsedimentcontrolpracticesduringconstructiontotheCityofIthacainordertocomplywithNYSDECregulations.Therefore,basedontheinformationaboveandcompleteadherencetoanacceptedSWPPP,theLeadAgencyhasdeterminedthatnosignificantimpacttosurfacewaterisanticipated.IMPACTONGROUNDWATERTheproposalisaprojectinapreviouslydevelopedareaofnaturalandartificialturfandassuchdoesnotincludeoperationalactivitiesthatimpactgroundwater.Theaveragedepthtothewatertableontheprojectsiteisapproximatelygreaterthan24ft.AccordingtotheReportonCornellUniversitylndaarSportsandRecreationCenter&FieldHockeyPitchdatedFebruary2024andpreparedbyH&AofNewYorkEngineeringandGeology,LLP,groundwaterwasencounteredintwoofthetenborings,located14-10.4ftbgs,locatedapproximatelyat860-864.6elevation.Attheothereighttestboringlocations,“groundwaterwasnotencounteredtothebottomofthetestboring(approximately12to20ftbgs).”Theengineersfurtherstated,“Locallyperchedgroundwaterlevelsmaybeencounteredatotherlocationsacrossthesiteassociatedwithtrappedstormwater.”Anygroundwaterencounteredduringexcavationwillbehandledinaccordancewithallstateandlocallaws.Theengineersalsodetailthesub-turfdrainagesystemsinthereport,seealsoImpactOnLand.TheLeadAgencyhasdeterminedthatbasedontheinformationabove,nosignificantimpacttogroundwaterisanticipated.IMPACTONFLOODING5 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIIIProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/16/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24Theprojectsiteisnotlocatedinafloodzone,anditisnotnearanywaterbodythatmaycontributetoflooding.TheLeadAgencyhasdeterminedthatbasedontheinformationabove,nosignificantimpactonfloodingisanticipated.IMPACTSONAIRAccordingtoinformationprovidedbytheapplicant,constructionisprojectedtolastapproximately16months.Excavationandpreparationoffoundationsadditionallycreatethepotentialforincreasedairbornedustanddirtparticles.Impactstoairqualitywillbelimitedtotheperiodassociatedwithconstructionactivities.Duringconstruction,theapplicantwillemploythefollowingapplicabledustcontrolmeasures,asappropriate:•Mistingorfogsprayingthesitetominimizedust;•Maintainingcrushedstonetrackingpadsatallentrancestotheconstructionsite;•Re-seedingdisturbedareastominimizebareexposedsoils;•Keepingroadsclearofdustanddebris;•Requiringconstructiontruckstobecovered;and•Prohibitingburningofdebrisonsite.TheLeadAgencyhasdeterminedthatwiththemitigationmeasuresduringconstructionidentifiedabove,nosignificantimpacttoairisanticipated.IMPACTSONPLANTSANDANIMALSTheprojectsiteisinapreviouslydevelopedarealocatedsouthofTowerRoadandisborderedbyWeillHallonthewest,BartelsHallandaparkinglottothesouth,andtheRoberti.KaneSportsComplexFieldontheeast.The7.3-acreprojectsitehasanexistingartificialturffieldhockeyfieldontheeasternportionandnaturalturffieldsonthewesternside.Onthesouthernsideoftheprojectisarowofdeciduoustrees,whichincludesRedOak,Quercusrubra.Wildlifelikelytobeencounteredonorneartheprojectsiteincludeinvertebrates,smallmammals,andbirdsincludingred-tailedhawkswhonestonthesportslightingpoles.Theapplicantsproposetoremove18trees,includingone6”redmapleand17redoaksranginginsizefrom6-10”DBHfortheproject(SiteProtection&RemovalsPlanLi-Ol,dated04/19/24preparedbySasaki).Theapplicantsexpecttohaveanetadditionof42treestotheprojectsite.AccordingtothePlantingPlanL5-01andthePlantingScheduleL5-02bothdatedApril19,2024andpreparedbySasaki,theapplicantsproposed60newtrees,manyshrubs,diversegroundcovers,andalowmownativeuplandspeciesmixonthesite.Theapplicantsproposetoplantmeadowgrasses,araingarden,nativetrees,andnativeshrubs.Theapplicantswillalsomaintainthetwoexistingsportslightingpolesthatserveasnestinglocationstoapairofred-tailedhawks.AccordingtoAdditionalMaterialsdatedApril19,2024preparedbytheapplicants,“Thenestingseasonforred-tailedhawkstypicallyrunsfromMarchtoJune,whichisbeingtakenunderconsiderationfortheconstructionofthefieldhouseandoutdoorfield.Thehawksseemespeciallyresilient,sincenumerousconstructionprojectshaveoccurredduringtheiroccupationinthisareaofcampus,andtheycontinuetomakethislocationtheirhome.”MiyokoChu,SeniorDirector,Communications,attheCornellLabOfOrnithologywroteinherletterwrittenJune6,2024,“Disturbanceclosetothenestshouldbeminimizedtoreducethe6 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIllProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/16/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24chancesofdisruptionorabandonment.NestingtypicallyoccursFebruarythroughJune.Duringthosemonths,thecontractorshouldcoordinatewiththeCornellLabofOrnithologyadvisoryteamtoidentifyworkaroundswherepossibleandadjustifneededbasedonthehawks’behaviors.”TheLeadAgencyhasdeterminedthatbasedontheinformationaboveandfollowingtheconsultationandguidelinesoftheCornellLabofOrnithologyduringconstruction,nosignificantimpactonplantsandanimalsisanticipated.IMPACTONAGRICULTURALRESOURCESTheprojectsiteisnotinoradjacenttoanagriculturalarea,therefore,theLeadAgencyhasdeterminednosignificantimpacttoagriculturalresourcesisanticipated.IMPACTONAESTHETICRESOURCESAccordingtotheTompkinsCountyScenicResourceViews,therearenoscenicresourceslocatedadjacenttoorinvicinityoftheProjectSite.Additionally,therearenolocallyidentifiedscenicresourceslocatedneartheprojectsite.Theproposedbuildingwillbeamixtureofmaterialscomposedmainlyofmetalpanelsinstalledhorizontallyandangledglazedstorefrontwindowsateachcornerofthebuildingtoprovideviewsinandoutandallownaturallightintothesportscenter.TheproposedartificialmultipurposealumnifieldtothewestwillfitinwiththeKanefieldcomplextotheeast.Theapplicantsproposenaturallandscapespacesaroundthebuilding.Thebuildingandsitematerialswillbefurtherreviewedduringthesiteplanreview.Basedontheinformationabove,theLeadAgencyhasdeterminedthatnosignificantimpactstoaestheticresourcesisanticipated.IMPACTONHISTORICANDARCHAEOLOGICALRESOURCESThesiteisnotlocatedwithinahistoricdistrict,andtheexistingsiteisnotdesignatedatthelocalorstatelevelasanhistoricresource.TheclosesthistoricbuildingisFernowHallwhichislocatedapproximately350’tothenorthoftheprojectsite,whilehistoricdistrictsarelocatedover1700’fromtheprojectsite.Basedontheinformationprovidedabove,theLeadAgencyhasdeterminednosignificantimpactonhistoricandarchaeologicalresourcesisanticipated.IMPACTONOPENSPACEANDRECREATIONTheprojectsiteislocatedonapreviouslydevelopedareaontheCornellcampus.Thesiteissurroundedbyotherathleticfieldsanduniversitybuildingswithathleticfunctions.Theproposedbuilding,landscape,pedestrian,andbicycleamenitiesfitintothecontextoftheexistingspaceinthispartofcentralcampus.Asaresultoftheinformationprovidedabove,theLeadAgencyhasdeterminedthatnosignificantimpacttoopenspaceandrecreationisanticipated.7 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIllProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFleidhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/15/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24IMPACTONCRITICALENVIRONMENTALAREASTherearenocriticalenvironmentalareaslocatedwithintheCityofIthacaandtheTownofIthacaforthisproject.However,TompkinsCountyidentifiesUniqueNaturalAreas(“UNAs”)throughoutthecounty,whicharepartofthelandscapethathasoutstandinggeologicalandenvironmentalqualities,suchasspecialnaturalcommunities,orplantsandanimalsthatarerareorscarceelsewhereinthecountyorregion.AUNAisnotaregulatorydesignationanddoesnotprovidelegalprotectionforanareabutsignalsthatspecialresourcesmayexistthatrequireprojectmodification.TheclosestUNAtotheprojectsiteisUNA13&,CascadillaCreekGorge,separatedfromtheprojectsitebyaccessroads,buildings,CampusRoad,andHoyRoad.Thebuildingisnotvisiblefromthegorge.AsaresultoftheinformationprovidedabovetheLeadAgencyhasdeterminednosignificantimpacttoCriticalEnvironmentalAreasisanticipated.IMPACTONTRANSPORTATIONPedestrians&CyclistsTheapplicantsproposemanypedestrianpathsthroughthesiteandaroundtheperimetersoftheproposedbuildingandproposedartificialturffiled.Thesepathswillbeasphaltandconcrete,aminimumofsixfeetwide,andwillconnectwiththeexistingpedestriannetwork.Otheramenitiesincludeprecastconcreteseatwalls,cast-in-placeconcretestairs,stainlesssteelrailingsandguardrails,andablackvinylchainlinkfencewithappropriategatesalongthealumnifieldperimeter.AccordingtoAdditionalMaterialsdatedApril19,2024andsubmittedbytheapplicants,“Bicycleparkingonthesitehasbeenreconfiguredandincludesatotalof21bicycleparkingspacesseparatedintothreebicycleparkingfacilities.,.bicycleparkingfacilitieswillbeeasilyaccessiblefrompedestrianorfireaccesspathwaysandnotintrudeintothesewalkways”Vehicular&FireAccessTheprojectwillnotaddanynewparkingspaces,howeverthereareadjacentparkinglotsthatcanservetheproposedbuilding.AdjacenttothenorthoftheprojectsiteistheAlumniLotwhichhas225spaces3ofwhicharepermanentADAparkingspacesandtothesouthoftheprojectistheBartelsLotwhichwillhave79parkingspaceswiththeremovalofonespaceduetothisproject,eightofwhichareADAaccessiblespaces.Thenewfacilityisexpectedtobeusedprimarilybystudents,sotherewillbelittledemandforparking.Accordingtotheapplicant,intheSitePlanReviewApplicationReportprepared12/15/23:Theprojectsitewillbeaccessibletofireandemergencyvehiclesfromfourpoints.Two20-feetwideangledcurbsareproposedtothenorthoftheMeinigFieldhousestructurefromtheAlumniFieldparkinglot,andtwo20-feetwideflushcurbsareproposedtothesouthofthestructure,fromtheparkingareaadjacenttotheFriedmanWrestlingCenter.Acontinuouspathwayofminimum20feetwidthisproposedaroundtheentireperimeteroftheMeinigFieldhousestructure,allowingaccessforfireapparatus.ThepathwayalongthenorthsideoftheMeinig8 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIllProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/16/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24Fieldhousestructureisproposedtobe26feetwide,offsetfromthebuildingfacadebetween15feetand30feettoaccommodatefireapparatusaerialaccess.ThenorthernmostlaneoftheexistingparkingareaadjacenttotheFriedmanWrestlingCenter(20feetminimumwidth)willservefireapparatusaccessalongaportionofthesouthernaccessroute.Apavedpointofaccessatthenortheastcorneroftheexteriorturffieldwillprovideaccessontotheplayingsurfaceforemergencyvehicles.TheFireApparatusAccessRoutessheetandVehicleTrackingdiagramsareprovidedinthetechnicaldrawingsetunderseparatecover.ConstructionRelatedImpactsConstructionisexpectedtotakeapproximately16months,andtheapplicantsanticipatethethirdquarterin2025tobethebusiesttimeofconstruction,withamaximumof80workersexpectedonsiteinasingleday.“ConstructionvehicleswillbedirectedtoaccessthesiteviaaprescribedroutefromTowerRoadfornewfieldworkandfromCampusRoadforthebuildingwork.”(SitePlanApplicationReport,12/15/23).TheapplicantssubmittedaconstructionlogisticsdiagramlabeledSiteConstructionlogistics,approximatelyNovember2024-March2026intheirApril19,2024submittalwhichshowslocationsforconstructionstaging,constructionentrance,fireaccess,etc.Aswellinthesamesubmissiontheapplicantsstate:ConstructionstagingandloydownwillbelocatednorthoftheproposedbuildingandwestoftheexistingRobisonAlumniFieldHockeyField.PalmRoadlotwillbeusedasoverflowcontractorparkingandstagingasneeded.ConstructionvehicleswillbedirectedtoaccessthesiteviaaprescribedroutefromTowerRoadfornewfieldworkandfromCampusRoadforthebuildingwork.Theprojectwillgenerateapproximately1,200truckroundtripsoverathree-monthperiod.Thelargestvolumesoftruckactivitywouldbeassociatedwithimportinggeneralfillusedforroughgradingthesiteandbringingthenewbuildinguptofinishedfloorelevation,whenamaximumof30truckscouldbeexpectedtoarriveonsiteinasingleday.Mostlong-distancedeliveryroutesto/fromCornell’scampusutilizeroute81northorsouth.TrafficleavingthesiteandheadingnorthwouldexitcampusonTowerRood,utilizeroute366toroute13to81north.TrafficleavingthesiteandheadingsouthwouldexitcampusonHayRoad,usePineTreeRoodtoroute79to81south.Routediagramsareincludedbelow.Asforutilitywork,TowerRoadwillneedtobeclosedfortwoweeksduringthesummerandreroutingtrafficwillbenecessary,andtwoparkinglots,onesouthofTowerRoadandNorthofCampusRdwillneedtobeclosedforapproximatelytwoweeks.Theexistingsidewalkswillbedemolishedandreconstructed,sopedestriantrafficwillbereroutedtothesouthofBartelsHalltotheexistingsidewalkalongCampusRdandreroutedtoremainontheexistingsidewalkbetweenWeillHallandtheBiotechnologyBuilding.Asaresultoftheinformationprovidedabove,theLeadAgencyhasdeterminedthatnosignificantimpactontrafficisanticipated.9 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIllProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/15/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24IMPACTONENERGYOnAugust4,2021,theIthacaEnergyCodeSupplement(IECS)wentintoeffectforallnewbuildingsconstructedinIthaca.TheIECSprioritizeselectrification,renewableenergy,andaffordabilitywiththefollowingobjectives:“delivermeasurableandimmediatereductionsingreenhousegas(GHG}emissionsfromnewbuildings,majorrenovations,andnewadditions;promotebestpracticesinthedesignofaffordablebuildingstodeliverreducedGHGemissions;andprovidearapidbutorderlytransitiontobuildingsthatdonotusefossilfuelsformajorbuildingenergyneedssuchasspaceheatingandhotwaterheating,by2026.ForconstructionsubjecttotheIthacaEnergyCodeSupplement,requirementsforreductionsinGHGsgointoeffectinthreesteps:2021,2023,and2026.”FromAugust4,2021,until2023allnewbuildingsmustproduce40%fewergreenhousegasemissionsthantheEnergyConservationConstructionCodeofNewYorkStaterequires.Beginningin2023,theIECSwillincreasetherequirementsofnewconstructiontoproduce80%fewergreenhousegasemissionsthantheEnergyConservationConstructionCodeofNewYorkStaterequires,andby2026allnewlyconstructedbuildingsinIthacawillberequiredtobenet-zerobuildingsthatdonotusefossilfuels.TheIECSsupportsIthaca’sGreenNewDealwhichaimsto“achieveanequitabletransitiontocarbon-neutrality”community-wideby2030.TheBuildingDivisionwilloverseeimplementationandenforcementoftheIECS.Further,attheSeptember3,2024,CityofIthacaPlanningBoardmeeting,theapplicantsconfirmedtheyareproposingtopurchaseoffsiterenewableenergytomeettheenergyrequirements.Asaresult,fromtheinformationprovidedabove,theLeadAgencyhasdeterminedthatnosignificantimpacttoenergyisanticipated.IMPACTONNOISE.ODOR&LIGHTBasedoninformationprovidedbytheapplicantconstructionwilllastapproximately16months.TheprojectisinadevelopedareaonCornellcampus.Noiseproducingconstructionactivities,especiallyfoundationwork,willtemporarilyaffectresidentsintheimmediatearea.TheexteriorlightingwillbeLEDanddarkskycompliant.TheinteriorlightingwillutilizeanLEDsystem,anddaylightandoccupancy-basedcontrolsystemswhererequired.Noiseproducingconstructionactivitieswilltemporarilyimpactresidentsintheimmediatearea.Noiseproducingconstructionactivitieswillbelimitedtothehoursbetween7:30AM.and5:30P.M.,MondaythroughFriday(orSaturday9:00A.M.to5:30P.M.withadvancenotificationtoandapprovalbytheDirectorofPlanningandDevelopment).Asaresultofthisinformation,theLeadAgencyhasdeterminednosignificantimpactonnoise,odor,andlightisanticipated.IMPACTONHUMANHEALTHTheprojectsitehasnoreportedspillsintheNYDECSpillsIncidentsdatabaseorintheEnvironmentalRemediationdatabase.10 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIllProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/16/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24TheapplicantsareproposingasyntheticturfsystemattheoutdoorAlumniFieldaswellasinsidetheMeinigFieldhouse.Theindoorartificialturffieldisproposedtocontainaninfillcomprisedofsand,andeitherrecycledcrumbrubberoravirginsyntheticrubber.Theindoorfieldwillhavewalk-offmatsforthematerialsatthefieldexits.Theoutdoorartificialturffieldisproposedtocontainaplant-basedinfillandpossiblysand.AccordingtotheAdditionalMaterialssubmissiondatedApril19,2024bytheapplicants:[theartificialfields]arecomposedofaduallong-fibersystem,withbothslitfilmandmonofilamentpolyethylenefibers,sandandrubberinfill,andaperformanceshockpad.ThesyntheticturfsystemischosenbasedontheOneTurfConceptthatconsidersindividualcomponents,longevity,andoverallperformancerequirementsincludingplayersafety.TheOneTurfConceptwascreatedbyInternationalFederationofAssociationFootball{FIFA),WorldRugby,andInternationalHockeyFederation{FIH).Performancerequirementparameters,asshowninthechartbelow,includeshockabsorption,verticalallroll[largeball),andverticalballrebound.Syntheticturffieldsarereplacedevery8-12yearsdependingonperformanceandwear.Duringthefieldreplacementprocess,theexistingturfwillberecycled.CornellUniversityisadvancingtheuseofsyntheticturftoprovideasurfacethatcanbeusedforathletic,recreationandwellnessactivitiesevenwhentheweatherisnotfavorable.Duetorainand/orsnow,syntheticturfallowsforheavyusebyalluniversityprogramsthroughouttheentireyear.ThecurrentgrassfieldsarenotusableNovember-Aprilandduringperiodsofprolongedinclementweather.Additionally,syntheticturfsignificantlyreducestheneedforhighlevelsofmaintenance:mowing,fertilizing,paintinglines,andrepairinganydamagedonetothegrass.Theapplicantssubmittedan11-pagememofromH&AofNewYorkEngineeringandGeology,LLP,datedApril2,2024,whichprovides“asummaryofrecentlypublishedstudiesandreportsthatevaluatethesafety(healthandenvironmentalrisks)ofusingsyntheticturfathleticfields,withfocusonchemicalscontainedinorassociatedwithsyntheticturf.”Thememo“addressespotentialhealthandenvironmentaleffectsassociatedwithsyntheticturffieldsystemcomponents,withafocusoncrumbrubberandEDPMinfill,andafocusontheshockpad,backing,andturfbladecomponents.”Thememocitesseveralpeer-reviewedresearchstudiesandfromthesestudiesfocusedonthechemicalandhealthandenvironmentaleffectsassociatedwithcrumbrubberandEDPMinfill,theengineerssummarize,“Theinformationprovidedbythesestudiesdemonstratethatthechemicalsthatareincrumbrubberinfillareunlikelytocomeoutofthematerialsatconcentrationsthatwouldharmpeopleortheenvironment.BycomparisonchemicalsarepresentatlowerconcentrationsinEDPMandwouldnotcomeoutatconcentrationsthatwouldharmpeopleortheenvironment.Consequently,rubberinfillsaresafeforcontactbypeopleandwillnotharmgroundwaterorsurfacewater.”Thememoalsoevaluatespeer-reviewedresearchpertainingtotheheatislandeffectandartificialturfsandsummarizes,“Collectively,thisinformationsuggeststhat,whilesyntheticturffieldsurfacesgetwarmerthannaturalturffieldsurfaces,airtemperaturesabovesyntheticturf11 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIllProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/16/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24surfaceswarmonlymarginallymorethanthoseabovenaturalturffieldsurfaces,andthatsyntheticfieldsurfacesdonotretainheatoncedaytimeheatingisdiscontinued.Thesedifferencesaresubstantiallyminimizedoncloudydaysanddonotexistonovercastdays”TheNewYorkStateDepartmentofHealth(NYDOH)providesinformationabouthealthandsafetyissuesrelatedspecificallytocrumb-rubberinfilledsyntheticturfonitswebsitelastrevisedinOctober2018viaaFactsheet(https://health.ny.gov/environmental/outdoors/syntheticturf/crumb-rubberinfilled/factsheet.htm).NYDOHsummarizestheinformationasfollows:studieshavefoundnoconsistentdifferencesininjuryratesbetweennaturalandrubber-infilledsyntheticturf;skincutsandabrasionsmayresultfromcontactwithanyathleticfieldnaturalorsyntheticturf;resultsfromnumerousstudiessuggestthepotentialforchemicalexposuresfromcrumbrubberorsyntheticturfislowbutdoesmentionfurtherstudiesatthefederalgovernmentlevelandCaliforniaareunderwaytofilldatagaps;andthatsurfacetemperaturesoncrumb-rubberinfilledsyntheticturffields“canreachlevelsofdiscomfortandmaycontributetoheatstress.Thiswarrantsconsiderationwhenmakingdecisionsaboutinstallingandusingasyntheticturffield.Whilewateringsyntheticturfmaybrieflyreducesurfacetemperatures,anumberoffactorsmayinfluenceitseffectiveness.Peopleusingthesefieldsshouldbeadvisedtoremainhydratedandtoseekrelieffromtheheatinshadedareas.”NYDOHsitesseveralresearchstudiesincludingoneatBrighamYoungUniversityinUtahinJune2022,UniversityofMissouri,andPennStateUniversityindicatingsyntheticturffieldsabsorbheat,resultinginsurfacetemperaturesmuchhigherthanthesurroundingairtemperatures.Surfacetemperaturesonsyntheticturffieldsrangedfrom117degreestoamaximumof200degreesFahrenheit.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention/AgencyforToxicSubstancesandDiseaseRegistry(CDC/ATSDR)andtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),incollaborationwiththeConsumerProductSafetyCommission(CPSC),launchedamulti-agencyresearcheffortinFebruary2016,entitledFederalResearchActionPlanonRecycledTireCrumbUsedonPlayingFieldsandPlaygrounds(FRAP)tocharacterizepotentialhumanexposurestothesubstancesassociatedwithrecycledtirecrumbrubberusedonsyntheticturffields.TheresearchwasreportedintwopartswithPart1publishedin2019andPart2publishedinApril2024.Thestudyisnotariskassessmentbutaimstobeusefultotheunderstandingofpotentialforhumanexposuretochemicalsfoundinrecycledtirecrumbrubberusedonsyntheticturffields.TheoverallconclusionsfortheplayingfieldsstudyareasfollowsIngeneral,thefindingsfromtheentireplayingfieldsportionoftheFRAPactivities(boththeTireCrumbCharacterizationPartIandtheTireCrumbExposureCharacterizationPart2combined)supporttheconclusionthatalthoughchemicalsarepresent(asexpected)inthetirecrumbrubberandexposurescanoccur,theyorelikelylimited;forexample:Generally,onlysmallamountsofmostorganicchemicalsarereleasedfromtirecrumbrubberintotheairthroughemissions.Formanyanalytesmeasuredduringactiveplayattheoutdoorfields,next-to-fieldconcentrationsinairwerenotdifferentthanbackgroundsampleswhileothersweresomewhathigher.12 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIIIProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/16/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24Formetals,onlysmallfractionsarereleasedfromtirecrumbrubberintosimulatedbiologicalfluids(averagemeanabout3%forgastricfluidand<1%forsalivaandsweatplussebum)comparedtoadefaultassumptionof100%bioaccessibility.•Inthebiomonitoringpilotstudy,concentrationsformetalsmeasuredinbloodweresimilartothoseinthegeneralpopulation.•NodifferencesinPANmetabolitesinurinewereobservedinthesupplementalbiomonitoringstudybetweenstudyparticipantsusingnaturalgrassfieldsandthoseonsyntheticturffieldswithtirecrumbrubberinfill.Currently,therearenofederalorNewYorkstateregulationsforcrumb-rubberinfillorartificialturf,NewYorkStatepassedalaw,Article27,Title33CarpetCollectionProgramEnvironmentalConservation(ENV)CHAPTER43-B,ARTICLE27-NYCarpetEPR(ExtendedProducerResponsibility)LawthatwillgointoeffectonDecember28,2024.ThisNewYorklawestablishesmandatorygoalsforrecyclingandpost-consumercontentinnewcarpet,convenientcollectionstatewide,educationandawareness,specificgoalsforclosed-looprecycling,andthephaseoutofper-andpolyfluoroalkylsubstances(PFAS)fromnewcarpetproduction.Artificialturfisincludedinthelaw.ByDecember31,2026nocarpetofferedforsaleshallcontainorbetreatedwithPFASsubstances,(https://dec.ny.gov/environmental-protection/recycling-composting/carpet)AttheSeptember3,2024CityofIthacaPlanningBoardmeeting,theapplicantsagreedtothirdparttestingtoconfirmtheartificialturftheywillusewillnotcontainorbetreatedwithPEAS.SeeImpactonLandSection.Asaresultofthisinformation,theLeadAgencyhasdeterminednosignificantimpacttohumanhealthisanticipated.CONSISTENCYWITHCOMMUNITYPLANSTheprojectisconsistentwiththeCityofIthaca’sComprehensivePlanasthisbuildingisinsupportofSecondaryEducation.TheprojectsiteislocatedintheU-iZoningDistrictwheretheprimaryuseisPost-SecondaryEducation.TheprojectwillrequirenovarianceswiththeCity.TheprojectsiteisalsolocatedintheLow-DensityResidential(LDR)ZoningDistrictintheTownofIthaca.ThetownofIthacadoesnothaveazonealignedwithHigherEducationorInstitutionaluses,andduetothelimitationsofthelow-densityresidentialzone,CornellneedstoobtainvariancesfornearlyeveryprojectintheTownofIthaca.TheprojectisanallowedusewithaspecialusepermitintheLDRzoneaspartofaninstitutionofhigherlearning.TheprojectwillrequireanareavariancefromtheTownofIthacaZoningBoardsofAppealsastheheightoftheproposedbuildingisapproximately56’fromaveragegradeplanandLDRlimitsbuildingheightto38feetbelowinteriorgradeor36’belowexteriorgrade.Theprojectwillalsorequireanareavarianceforlotcoverageasitaddsapproximately.5acresofbuildingfootprintontheTownofIthacaparcel,67-1-13.2.InamemoaddressedtotheCityPlanningandDevelopmentBoardfromtheTownofIthacaPlanningBoarddatedJuly23,2024,theTownBoardstatesthezoningvariancesarenotexpectedtocreatesignificantadversevisualimpacts,“consideringthat:(a)therearenolocallyorregionallyrecognizedscenicresourcesorvistasthatwillbe13 CityofIthacaFULLENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTFORM—PartIllProjectName:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseIndoorSportsandRecreationFacilityDateCreated:01/30/24Updated02/05/24,02/12/24,05/15/24,06/17/24,07/16/24,08/05/24,08/28/24,9/3/24impactedbytheproposal,(b}itistypicalforauniversitycampustocontainbuildingsthataretallerthanresidences,and(c}theproposedMeinigFieldhousebuildingwillbesurroundedbymuchtallerstructures;thus,itsheightwillnotbeoutofcharacterwiththeheightofsurroundingstructures.”Asaresultofthisinformation,theLeadAgencyhasdeterminednosignificantimpacttoconsistencywithcommunityplansisanticipated.CONSISTENCYWITHCOMMUNITYCHARACTERTheprojectisasportsfacilitybuilding,withafootprintofapproximately2.1acresandapproximately90,000SFofspacethatwillprovide.Theproposedfacilitywillsupportstudentsandthecampuswithindoorpracticeandcompetitionspaceforathletics,recreationneedsandclubsports.Theproposedbuildingislocatedinapartofcentralcampusthathasseveralathleticfacilitiesandfields,fittinginfunctionallytothesurroundingcharacter.Theproposedbuildingisdesignedto“embracethespiritofoutdoorplayindoors.”Thisisachievedthroughthematerialityoftheproposedbuilding(SitePlanReviewApplicationReport,12/15/23):Themajorityofthebuildingenvelopeiscomposedofinsulatedmetalpanelinstalledhorizontallyanddecreasinginwidthfromthebottomofthefacadetothetop.Themetalpane/finishispairedincontrastwithangledglazedstorefrontateachofthefourcorners.Thelargetriangleshapedglazedopeningsprovideviewsinandoutofthefacilityandincorporatenaturallightintotheactivityspace.Theproposedbuildingwillbeflankedbyathleticfields,withtheproposedartificialmultipurposealumnifieldsituatedtothewestandtheexistingtheKaneSportsComplexFieldsituatedtotheeastofthebuilding.Basedontheinformationprovidedabove,theLeadAgencyhasdeterminednosignificantimpactoncommunitycharacterisanticipated.Preparedby:NikkiCerra,Environmental&LandscapePlannerandrevisedbythePlanningBoard14 FullEnvironmentalAssessmentFormAgencyUseOnly(11appilcabliProject:IcomeaUniversityMeinigFieldhousePart2-IdentjficationofPotentialProjectImpactsDate:105121124Part2istobecompletedbytheleadagency.Part2isdesignedtohelptheleadagencyinventoryallpotentialresourcesthatcouldbeaffectedbyaproposedprojectoraction.Werecognizethattheleadagency’sreviewer(s)willnotnecessarilybeenvironmentalprofessionals.So,thequestionsaredesignedtowalkareviewerthroughtheassessmentprocessbyprovidingaseriesofquestionsthatcanbeansweredustngtheinformationfoundinPart1.TofurtherassisttheleadagencyincompletingPart2,theformidentifiesthemostrelevantquestionsinPart1thatwillprovidetheinformationneededtoanswerthePart2question.WhenPart2iscompleted,theleadagencywillhaveidentifiedtherelevantenvironmentalareasthatmaybeimpactedbytheproposedactivity.IftheleadagencyisastateagencyandtheactionisinanyCoastalArea,completetheCoastalAssessmentFormbeforeproceedingwiththisassessment.TipsforcompletingPart2:•ReviewalloftheinformationprovidedinPart1.•Reviewanyapplication,maps,supportingmaterialsandtheFullEAFWorkbook.•Answereachofthe18questionsinPart2.•Ifyouanswer“Yes”toanumberedquestion,pleasecompleteallthequestionsthatfollowinthatsection.•Ifyouanswer“No”toanumberedquestion,moveontothenextnumberedquestion.•Checkappropriatecolumntoindicatetheanticipatedsizeoftheimpact.•Proposedprojectsthatwouldexceedanumericthresholdcontainedinaquestionshouldresultinthereviewingagencycheckingthebox“Moderatetolargeimpactmayoccur.”•Thereviewerisnotexpectedtobeanexpertinenvironmentalanalysis.•Ifyouarenotsureorundecidedaboutthesizeofanimpact,itmayhelptoreviewthesub-questionsforthegeneralquestionandconsulttheworkbook.•Whenansweringaquestionconsiderallcomponentsoftheproposedactivity,thatis,the“wholeaction”.•Considerthepossibilityforlong-termandcumulativeimpactsaswellasdirectimpacts.•Answerthequestioninareasonablemannerconsideringthescaleandcontextoftheproject.1.ImpactonLandProposedactionmayinvolveconstructionon,orphysicalalterationof,LNOJYESthelandsurfaceoftheproposedsite.(SeePart1.Dl)If“Yes“,answerquestionsa-j.If“No“,moveontoSection2.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.TheproposedactionmayinvolveconstructiononlandwheredepthtowatertableisE2dlessthan3feet.b.Theproposedactionmayinvolveconstructiononslopesof15%orgreater.E2fUc.Theproposedactionmayinvolveconstructiononlandwherebedrockisexposed,orE2aUgenerallywithin5feetofexistinggroundsurface.d.Theproposedactionmayinvolvetheexcavationandremovalofmorethan1,000tonsD2aUofnaturalmaterial.e.TheproposedactionmayinvolveconstructionthatcontinuesformorethanoneyearDieUIllorin_multiple_phases.f.Theproposedactionmayresultinincreasederosion,whetherfromphysicalD2e,D2qUdisturbanceor_vegetation_removal_(including_fromtreatment_by_herbicides).g.Theproposedactionis,ormaybe,locatedwithinaCoastalErosionhazardarea.BliUh.Otherimpacts:Foundationconstruction;artificialturfsub-turfdrainagosystemandconstructionUPage1oflOFEAF2019 2.ImpactonGeologicalFeaturesTheproposedactionmayresultinthemodificationordestructionof,orinhibitaccessto,anyuniqueorunusuallandformsonthesite(e.g.,cliffs,dunes,NOLYESminerals,fossils,caves).(SeePart1.E.2.g)If“Yes“,answerquestionsa-c.If“No“,moveontoSection3.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.Identifythespecificlandfonn(s)attached..E2g00b.TheproposedactionmayaffectorisadjacenttoageoiogicalfeaturelistedasaE3c00registeredNationalNaturalLandmark.Specificfeature:c.Otherimpacts:003.ImpactsonSurfaceWaterTheproposedactionmayaffectoneormorewetlandsorothersurfacewaterENOYESbodies(e.g.,streams,rivers,pondsorlakes).(SeePart1.D.2,E.2.h)If“Yes‘.answerquestionsa-1.If“No‘,moveontoSection4.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaypmayoccuroccura.Theproposedactionmaycreateanewwaterbody.D2b.DlhCb.Theproposedactionmayresultinanincreaseordecreaseofover10%ormorethanaD2bC10acreincreaseordecreaseinthesurfaceareaofanybodyofwater.c.Theproposedactionmayinvolvedredgingmorethan100cubicyardsofmaterialD2aCfromawetlandorwaterbody.d.TheproposedactionmayinvolveconstructionwithinoradjoiningafreshwaterorE2hCtidalwetland,orinthebedorbanksofany_otherwater_body.e.Theproposedactionmaycreateturbidityinawaterbody,eitherfromuplanderosion.D2a,D2hCrunofforbydisturbingbottomsediments.ITheproposedactionmayincludeconstructionofoneormoreintake(s)forwithdrawalD2cCofwaterfromsurfacewater.g.Theproposedactionmayincludeconstructionofoneormoreoutfall(s)fordischargeD2d0Cofwastewatertosurfiscewater(s).h.Theproposedactionmaycausesoilerosion,orotherwisecreateasourceofD2eCstormwaterdischargethatmayleadtosiltationorotherdegradationofreceivingwaterbodies.i.TheproposedactionmayaffectthewaterqualityofanywaterbodieswithinorE2h121Cdownstreamofthesiteoftheproposedaction.j.Theproposedactionmayinvolvetheapp]icationofpesticidesorherbicidesinorD2q,E2hCaroundanywaterbody.k,Theproposedactionmayreqturetheconstructionofnew,orexpansionofexisting.DIa,D2dCwastewatertreatmentfacilities.Page2oflO I.Otherimpacts:U4.ImpactongroundwaterTheproposedactionmayresultinneworadditionaluseofgroundwater,orNODYESmayhavethepotentialtointroducecontaminantstogroundwateroranaquifer.(SeePart1.D.2.a,D.2.c,D.2.d,D.2.p,D.2.q,D.2.t)If‘Yes“,answerquestionsa-h.If“No“,moveontoSection5.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.Theproposedactionmayrequirenewwatersupplywells,orcreateadditionaldemandD2cDDonsuppliesfromexistingwatersupplywells.b.WatersupplydemandfromtheproposedactionmayexceedsafeandsustainableD2cDwithdrawalcapacityrateofthelocalsupplyoraquifer.CiteSource:c.TheproposedactionmayalloworresultinresidentialusesinareaswithoutwaterandDla,D2cDDsewerservices.d.Theproposedactionmayincludeorrequirewastewaterdischargedtogroundwater.D2d,£21e.TheproposedactionmayresultintheconstructionofwatersupplywellsinlocationsD2c,Elf,DDwheregroundwateris,orissuspectedtobe,contaminated.Elg,ElhfTheproposedactionmayrequirethebulkstorageofpetroleumorchemicalproductsD2p,E2lUUovergroundwateroranaquifer.g.Theproposedactionmayinvolvethecommercialapplicationofpesticideswithin100E2h,D2q,UUfeetofpotabledrinkingwaterorirrigationsources.E21,D2ch.Otherimpacts:5.ImpactonFloodingTheproposedactionmayresultindevelopmentonlandssubjecttoflooding.DNOYES(SeePart1.E.2)if‘Yes“,answerquestionsa-g.If“No“,moveontoSection6.RelevantNo,orModerate.PartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmay.mayoccuroccura.Theproposedactionmayresultindevelopmentinadesignatedfloodway.E2iIZIUb.Theproposedactionmayresultindevelopmentwithina100yearfloodplain.E2jUc.Theproposedactionmayresultindevelopmentwithina500yearfloodplain.E2k121Dd.Theproposedactionmayresultin,orrequire,modificationofexistingdrainageD2b,D2eQpattems.e.Theproposedactionmaychangefloodwaterflowsthatcontributetoflooding.D2b,E2i,CE2j,_E2kf.Ifthereisadamlocatedonthesiteoftheproposedaction,isthedaminneedofrepair,Ele0Cor_upgrade?Page3oflO g.Otherimpacts:Additionalimpervioussurfacesareproposedtoincreaseby3.3acres6.ImpactsonAirTheproposedactionmayincludeastateregulatedairemissionsource.DNOYES(SeePartI.D.2.f.,D.2.h,D.2.g)frYes‘,answerquestionsa-fIf”No”,moveontoSection7.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.Iftheproposedactionrequiresfederalorstateairemissionpermits,theactionmayalsoemitoneormoregreenhousegasesatorabovethefollowinglevels:i.Morethan1000Ions/yearofcarbondioxide(CC2)02gCii.Morethan3.5tons/yearofnitrousoxide(N20)D2gUiii.Morethan1000tons/yearofcarbonequivalentofperfluorocarbons(PFCs)D2gCiv.Morethan.045tons/yearofsulfurhexafluoride(SF6)D2gCv.Morethan1000tons/yearofcarbondioxideequivalentofD2ghydrochloroflourocarbons(HFCs)emissionsvi.43tons/yearormoreofmethaneD2hCb.Thepioposedactionmaygenerate10tons/yearormoreofanyonedesignatedD2gChazardousairpollutant,or25tons/yearormoreofanycombinationofsuchhazardousair_pollutants.c.Theproposedactionmayrequireastateairregistration,ormayproduceanemissionsD2f,D2gCrateoftotalcontaminantsthatmayexceed5lbs.perhour,ormayincludeaheatsourcecapableofproducingmorethan10millionBTU’sperhour.d.Theproposedactionmayreach50°zbofanyofthethresholdsin“a”through“c”,D2gCabove.e.Theproposedactionmayresultinthecombustionorthermaltreatmentofmorethan1D2sCtoriofrefuseperhour.f.Otherimpacts:ConstructionimpactsC7.ImpactonPlantsandAnimalsTheproposedactionmayresultinalossoffloraorfauna.(SeePailI.E.2.m.-q.)NOflYESIf“Yes‘,answerquestionsa-j.If“No‘,moveontoSection8.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolarge.Question(s)impactimpactmay.mayoccuroccura.TheproposedactionmaycausereductioninpopulationorlossofindividualsofanyE2oUUthreatenedorendangeredspecies,aslistedbyNewYorkStateortheFederalgovernment,thatusethesite,orarefoundon,over,ornearthesite.b.TheproposedactionmayresultinareductionordegradationofanyhabitatusedbyE2o0Elanyrare,threatenedorendangeredspecies,aslistedbyNewYorkStateorthefederalgovernment.c.Theproposedactionmaycausereductioninpopulation,orlossofindividuals,ofanyE2p0nspeciesofspecialconcernorconservationneed,aslistedbyNewYorkStateortheFederalgovernment,thatusethesite,orarefoundon,over,ornearthesite.d.TheproposedactionmayresultinareductionordegradationofanyhabitatusedbyE2pElCanyspeciesofspecialconcernandconservationneed,aslistedbyNewYorkStateortheFederalgovernment.Page4oflO e.TheproposedactionmaydiminishthecapacityofaregisteredNationalNaturalE3cCULandmark_to_support_the_biological_community_it_was_established_to_protect.f.Theproposedactionmayresultintheremovalof,orgrounddisturbancein,anyE2nUUportionofadesignatedsignificantnaturalcommunity.Source:g.Theproposedactionmaysubstantiallyinterferewithnesting/breeding,foraging,orE2iUover-winteringhabitatforthepredominantspeciesthatoccupyorusetheprojectsite.h.Theproposedactionrequirestheconversionofmorethan10acresofforest,ElbUUgrasslandoranyotherregionallyorlocallyimportanthabitat.Habitattype&informationsource:i.Proposedaction(commercial,industrialorrecreationalprojects,only)involvesuseofD2qUDherbicidesorpesticides.j.Otherimpacts:uu8.ImpactonAgriculturalResourcesTheproposedactionmayimpactagriculturalresources.(SeePart1.E.3.a.andb.)NOUYESIf“Yes“,answerquestionsa-h.If“No“,moveontoSection9.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.Theproposedactionmayimpactsoilclassifiedwithinsoilgroup1through4oftheE2c,E3bCUNYS_Land_Classification_System.b.Theproposedactionmaysever,crossorotherwiselimitaccesstoagriculturallandEla,FibUU(includes_cropland,_hayfields,_pasture,_vineyard,_orchard,_etc).c.TheproposedactionmayresultintheexcavationorcompactionofthesoilprofileofE3bUUactiveagriculturalland.d.Theproposedactionmayirreversiblyconvertagriculturallandtonon-agriculturalElb,E3aUUuses,eithermorethan2.5acresiflocatedinanAgriculturalDistrict,ormorethan10acresifnotwithinanAgriculturalDistrict.e.TheproposedactionmaydisruptorpreventinstallationofanagriculturallandEla,ElbUUmanagement_system.f.Theproposedactionmayresult,directlyorindirectly,inincreaseddevelopmentC2c,C3,UUpotentialorpressureonfarmland.D2c,D2dg.TheproposedprojectisnotconsistentwiththeadoptedmunicipalFarmlandC2cUCProtectionPlan.h.Otherimpacts:UU-sOcJ,&‘$:v1zik-j4,-Page5oflO..j-,, 9.ImpactonAestheticResourcesThelanduseoftheproposedactionarcobviouslydifferentfrom,orareinNODYESsharpcontrastto,currentlandusepatternsbetweentheproposedprojectandascenicoraestheticresource.(Part1.E.l.a.E.1.b,E.3.h.)IfYes“,answerquestionsa-g.If‘No“,gotoSection10.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.Proposedactionmaybevisiblefromanyofficiallydesignatedfederal,state,orlocalFE3hn0scenicoraestheticresource.b.Theproposedactionmayresultintheobstruction,eliminationorsignificantE3h,C2bnDscrceningofoneormoreofficiallydesignatedscenicviews.c.Theproposedactionmaybevisiblefrompubliclyaccessiblevantagepoints:E3hi.Seasonally(e.g.,screenedbysummerfoliage,hutvisibleduringotherseasons)00ii.Yearround00d.ThesituationoractivityinwhichviewersareengagedwhileviewingtheproposedE3hactionis:E2q,i.Routinetravelbyresidents,includingtraveltoandfromworknnii.RecreationalortourismbasedactivitiesElce.TheproposedactionmaycauseadiminishmentofthepublicenjoymentandE3h00appreciationofthedesignatedaestheticresourcef.TherearesimilarprojectsvisiblewithinthefollowingdistanceoftheproposedDIa,Ela,00project:DIf,DIg0-1/2mile/2-3mile3-5mile5+milegOtherimpacts:0010.ImpactonHistoricandArcheologicalResourcesTheproposedactionmayoccurinoradjacenttoahistoricorarchaeologicalNOEYESresource.(Part1.E.3.e,f.andg.)If“Yes“,answerquestionsa-e.if‘No“.gotoSectionII.IRelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolarge.Question(s)impactimpactmay.--....ImayoccucrMra.Theproposedactionmayoccurwhollyorpartiallywithin,orsubstantiallycontiguousto,anybuildings,archaeologicalsiteordistrictwhichislistedontheNationalorE3en0StateRegisterofHistoricalPlaces,orthathasbeendetenninedbytheCommissioneroftheNYSOfficeofParks,RecreationandHistoricPreservationtobeeligibleforlisting_on_the_State_Register_ofHistoric_Places.b.Theproposedactionmayoccurwhollyorpartiallywithin,orsubstantiallycontiguousE3f00to,anareadesignatedassensitiveforarchaeologicalsitesontheNYStaleHistoricPreservationOffice_(SHPO)_archaeological_site_inventory.c.Theproposedactionmayoccurwhollyorpartiallywithin,orsubstantiallycontiguousE3g00to,anarchaeologicalsitenotincludedontheNYSHPOinventory.Source:Page6of10 d.Otherimpacts:-CCIfanyoftheabove(a-d)areanswered“Moderatetolargeimpactmaye.occur”,continuewiththefollowingquestionstohelpsupportconclusionsinPart3:i.TheproposedactionmayresultinthedestructionoralterationofallorpartE3e,E3g,00ofthesiteorproperty.E3fii.Theproposedactionmayresultinthealterationoftheproperty’ssettingorE3e,E3f,integrity.E3g,Ela,FIbiii.TheproposedactionmayresultintheintroductionofvisualelementswhichE3e,E3f,uuareoutofcharacterwiththesiteorproperty,ormayalteritssetting.F3g,E3h,C2,C311.ImpactonOpenSpaceandRecreationTheproposedactionmayresultinalossofrecreationalopportunitiesoraNOEYESreductionofanopenspaceresourceasdesignatedinanyadoptedmunicipalopenspaceplan.(SeePartI.C.2.c,E.l.c.,E.2.q.)If“Yes“,answerquestionsa-e.If“No“,gotoSection12.RelevantNo,orModcratcPartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.Theproposedactionmayresultinanimpairmentofnaturalfunctions,or“ecosystemD2e,Elb0Cservices”,providedbyanundevelopedarea,includingbutnotlimitedtostormwaterE2h,storage,nutrientcycling,wildlifehabitat.E2m,E2o,E2n,E2pb.Theproposedactionmayresultinthelossofacurrentorfuturerecreationalresource.C2a,Elc,00C2c,E2qc.TheproposedactionmayeliminateopenspaceorrecreationalresourceinanareaC2a,C2cC0withfewsuchresources.Elc,E2qd.TheproposedactionmayresultinlossofanareanowusedinformallybytheC2c,Elc00communityasanopenspaceresource.e.Otherimpacts:0012.ImpactonCriticalEnvironmentalAreasTheproposedactionmaybelocatedwithinoradjacenttoacriticalNOYESenvironmentalarea(CEA).(SeePart1.E.3.d)If“Yes“,answerquestionsa-c.If“No“,gotoSection13.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.TheproposedactionmayresultinareductioninthequantityoftheresourceorE3d00characteristicwhichwasthebasisfordesignationoftheCEA.b.TheproposedactionmayresultinareductioninthequalityoftheresourceorE3d00characteristicwhichwasthebasisfordesignationoftheCEA.c.Otherimpacts:00Page7of10 13.ImpactonTransportationTheproposedactionmayresultinachangetoexistingtransportationsystems.NODYES(SeePart1.D.2.j)If‘Yes_“,_answer_questions_a-f._If_“No“,_go_to_Section14.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.Proec1edtrafficincreasemayexceedcapacityofexistingroadnetwork.D2j00b.Theproposedactionmayresultintheconstructionofpavedparkingareafor500orD2j00morevehicLes.c.Theproposedactionwilldegradeexistingtransitaccess.D2j00d.Theproposedactionwilldegradeexistingpedestrianorbicycleaccommodations.D2j00e.Theproposedactionmayalterthepresentpatternofmovementofpeopleorgoods.D2j0I0f.Otherimpacts:C014.ImpactonEnergyTheproposedactionmaycauseanincreaseintheuseofanyformofenergy.NODYES(SeePart1.D.2.k)If”Y€_“,_answer_questions_a-e._If_“No_“,_go_toSection15.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.Theproposedactionwillrequireanew,oranupgradetoanexisting,substation.D2k0Cb.TheproposedactionwillrequirethecreationorextensionofanenergytransmissionDIf,90orsupplysystemtoservemorethan50singleortwo-familyresidencesortoserveaDlq,D2kcommercialorindustrialuse.c.Theproposedactionmayutilizemorethan2.500MWhrsperyearofelectricity.D2kCCd.Theproposedactionmayinvolveheatingand/orcoolingofmorethan100.000squareDlgCCfeetofbuildingareawhencompleted.e.OtherImpacts:15.ImpactonNoise,Odor,andLightTheproposedactionmayresultinanincreaseinnoise,odors,oroutdoorlighting.ENODYES(SeePart1.D.2.m.,n.,ando.)If‘Yes“,answerquestionsa-,fIf“No“,gotoSection16..RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.TheproposedactionmayproducesoundabovenoiselevelsestablishedbylocalD2m00regulation.b.Theproposedactionmayresultinblastingwithin1,500feetofanyresidence,D2m,EldChospital,school,licenseddaycarecenter,ornursinghome.c.Theproposedactionmayresultinroutineodorsformorethanonehourperday.D2oCPage8of10 d.Theproposedactionmayresultinlightshiningontoadjoiningproperties.D2nEle.Theproposedactionmayresultinlightingcreatingsky-glowbrighterthanexistingD2n,ElaElareaconditions.f.Otherimpacts:ConstructionimpactsEl16.ImpactonHumanHealthTheproposedactionmayhaveanimpactonhumanhealthfromexposureNOElYEStoneworexistingsourcesofcontaminants.(SeePart1.D.2.q.,El.d.f.g.andh.)If‘Yes“,answerquestionsa-in.If“NogotoSec/ion17..RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymaycccuroccura.Theproposedactionislocatedwithin1500feetofaschool,hospital,licenseddayEldUUcare_center,_group_home,_nursing_home_or_retirement_community.h.Thesiteoftheproposedactioniscurrentlyundergoingremediation.Elg,Elh00c.Thereisacompletedemergencyspillremediation,oracompletedenvironmentalsiteElg,Elh00remediationon,oradjacentto,thesiteoftheproposedaction.d.ThesiteoftheactionissubjecttoaninstitutionalcontrollimitingtheuseoftheElg,Elh00property_(e.g.,_easementordeed_restriction).e.TheproposedactionmayaffectinstitutionalcontrolmeasuresthatwereputinplaceElg,Elh00toensurethatthesiteremainsprotectiveoftheenvironmentandhumanhealth.f.TheproposedactionhasadequatecontrolmeasuresinplacetoensurethatfutureD2tUUgeneration,treatmentand/ordisposalofhazardouswasteswillbeprotectiveoftheenvironmentandhumanhealth.g.TheproposedactioninvolvesconstructionormodificationofasolidwasteD2q,ElfUUmanagement_facility.h.Theproposedactionmayresultintheunearthingofsolidorhazardouswaste.D2q,ElfU0i.Theproposedactionmayresultinanincreaseintherateofdisposal,orprocessing,ofD2r,D2sUUsolidwaste.j.Theproposedactionmayresultinexcavationorotherdisturbancewithin2000feetofElf,ElgU0asiteusedforthedisposalofsolidorhazardouswaste.Elhk.TheproposedactionmayresultinthemigrationofexplosivegasesfromalandfillElf,ElgUUsitetoadjacentoffsitestructures.1.TheproposedactionmayresultinthereleaseofcontaminatedleachatefromtheD2s,Elf,UUprojectsite.D2rm.Otherimpacts:Page9oflO 17.ConsistencywithCommunityPlansTheproposedactionisnotconsistentwithadoptedlanduseplans.NODYES(SeePart1.Cl,C.2.andC.3.)If“Yes“,answerquestionsa-h.IJ“No”,gotoSection18.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.Theproposedaction’slandusecomponentsmaybedifferentfrom,orinshamC2,C3,DIaUUcontrastto.currentsurroundinglandusepattern(s).Ela,Bibb.Theproposedactionwillcausethepermanentpopulationofthecity,townorvillageC2CUinwhichtheprojectislocatedtogrowbymorethan50/c.Theproposedactionisinconsistentwithlocallanduseplansorzoningregulations.C2,C2,C3Und.TheproposedactionisinconsistentwithanyCottntyplans,orotherregionallanduseC2,C2UUplans.e.TheproposedactionmaycauseachangeinthedensityofdevelopmentthatisnotC3,DIc,UUsupportedbyexistinginfrastructureorisdistantfromexistinginfrastructure.Did,Dlf,Did,Elbf.TheproposedactionislocatedinanareacharacterizedbylowdensitydevelopmentC4,D2c,D2dUUthatwillrequireneworexpandedpublicinfrastructure.D23g.Theproposedactionmayinducesecondarydevelopmentimpacts(e.g.,residentialorC2aUUcommercialdevelopmentnotincludedintheproposedaction)h.Other:0018.ConsistencywithCommunityCharacterTheproposedprojectisinconsistentwiththeexistingcommunitycharacter.NODYES(SeePart1.C.2,C.3,D.2,E.3)If“Yes”,answerquestionsa-g.If“No“,proceedtoPart3.RelevantNo,orModeratePartIsmalltolargeQuestion(s)impactimpactmaymayoccuroccura.Theproposedactionmayreplaceoreliminateexistingfacilities,structures,orareasE3e,E3f,E3gUUofhtscoricimportancetothecommunity.b.Theproposedactionmaycreateademandforadditionalcommunityservices(e.g.C4UUschools,_police_andfire)c.Theproposedactionmaydisplaceaffordableorlow-incomehousinginanareawhereC2.C3,DlfUCthereisashortageofsuchhousing.Dlg,Elad.TheproposedactionmayinterferewiththeuseorenjoymentofofficiallyrecognizedC2,E3UUordesignatedpublicresources.e.TheproposedactionisinconsistentwiththepredominantarchitecturalscaleandC2,C3UUcharacter.f.Proposedactionisinconsistentwiththecharacteroftheexistingnaturailandscape.C2,C3UUEla,BIbE2g,E2hg.Otherimpacts:00PRINTFULLFORMPage10of10 FullEnvironmentalAssessmentFormPart1-ProjectandSettingInstructionsforCompletingPart1Part1istobecompletedbytheapplicantorprojectsponsor.Responsesbecomepartoftheapplicationforapprovalorfunding,aresubjecttopublicreview,andmaybesubjecttofurtherverification.CompletePail1basedoninfonnationcurrentlyavailable.Ifadditionalresearchorinvestigationwouldbeneededtofullyrespondtoanyitem,pleaseanswerasthoroughlyaspossiblebasedoncurrentinfonnation;indicatewhethermissinginformationdoesnotexist,orisnotreasonablyavailabletothesponsor;and,whenpossible,generallydescribeworkorstudieswhichwouldbenecessarytoupdateorhillydevelopthatinformation.Applicants/sponsorsmustcompleteallitemsinSectionsA&B.InSectionsC,D&B,mostitemscontainaninitialquestionthatmustbeansweredeither“Yes”or“No”.Iftheanswertotheinitialquestionis“Yes”,completethesub-questionsthatfollow.Iftheanswertotheinitialquestionis“No”,proceedtothenextquestion.SectionFallowstheprojectsponsortoidenti’andattachanyadditionalinformation.SectionGrequiresthenameandsignatureoftheapplicantorprojectsponsortoverifythattheinformationcontainedinPartlisaccurateandcomplete.A.ProjectandApplicant/SponsorInformation.NameofActionorProject:CornellUniversityMeinigFieldhouseProjectLocation(describe,andattachagenerallocationmap):RobisonAlumniFields-239TowerRoad,Ithaca,NY14850;TompkinsCounty;CityParcel500700-31-1-1.2;TownParcel503089-67-1-13.2BriefDescriptionofProposedAction(includepurposeorneed):CornellUniversityisproposingtoconstructtheMeinigFieldhouse,anindoorsportsandrecreationcenterthatwillsupportstudentsandcampuswithmuch-neededindoorpracticeandcompetitionspaceforathletics,clubsports,andrecreationneeds.Theprojectsiteisonthecentralcampus,intheareacurrentlyoccupiedbyRobisonAlumniFields,withTowerRoadtothenorth,RobertJ.KaneSportsComplexFieldtotheeast,andWeillHalltothewest.Theproposedfacilitywillenableyear-roundpracticespaceandplayformanyfieldsports,andlimitedcompetitionforNCMlacrosseinearlyspringmonths.Thefacilitywillbea90,000squarefootbuildingthatis56’feettall.Cornell’sexistingMarshaDodsonFieldHockeypitchwillberelocatedtothewest,providingthefieldhockeyathleteswithanewsyntheticturffield.NameofApplicant/Sponsor:Telephone:607.221.1400KimberlyMichaelsE-Mail:kam@twmIaAddress:1001W.SenecaStreet,Suite201City/PO:IthacaState:NYZipCode:14850ProjectContact(ifnotsameassponsor;givenameandtitle/role):Telephone:607.255.2478ElisabeteGodden,ProjectManager.E-Mail:egoddentcornell.eduAddress:102HumphreysServiceBuildingCity/PC:State:ZipCode:IthacaNY14853PropertyOwner(ifnotsameassponsor):Telephone:CornellUniversityE-Mail:Address:City/PO:State:ZipCode:Page1of13FEAF2019 B.GovernmentApprovalsB.GovernmentApprovals,Funding,orSponsorship.(“Funding”includesgrants,loans,taxrelief,andanyotherformsoffinancialassistance.)GovernmentEntityIfYes:IdentifyAgencyandApproval(s)ApplicationDateRequired(Actualorprojected)a.CityCounsel,TownBoard.YcsNoorVillageBoardofTrusteesb.City,TownorVillageYesDNoCityofIthacaPlanningBoard(SQRandSPR),Winter2024PlanningBoardorCommissionTownofIthacaPB(SEQR,SpecialPermit.SPR)c.City,TownorYesQNoTownofthacaZoningBoard(HeightVarianceWinter2024VillageZoningBoardofAppealsandLotCoverage)d.OtherlocalagenciesYesQNoCityofIthacaMS4:SWPPPAcceptance,TownofWinterSSpring2024IthacaMS4:SWPPPAcceptancee.CountyagenciesYesQNoTompkinscountyPlanningtGML239Review).TompkinscountyWinter-Spring2024HealthDepartment(backtlowpreventiondeviceapproval)f.RegionalagenciesDYesØNog.StateagenciesIYesQNoNYSDECforSWPPPWinter-Spring2024It,FederalagenciesCYesJNoi.CoastalResources.I.IstheprojectsuewithinaCoastalArea,orthewaterfrontareaofaDesignatedInlandWaterway?OYesNoii.IstheprojectsitelocatedinacommunitywithanapprovedLocalWaterfrontRevitalizationProgram?CYesNoiii.IstheprojectsitewithinaCoastalErosionHazardArea?0YesNoC.PlanningandZoningC.1.Planningandzoningactions.Willadministrativeorlegislativeadoption,oramendmentofaplan,locallaw,ordinance,ruleorregulationbe(lie0YesNoonlyapproval(s)whichmustbegrantedtoenabletheproposedactiontoproceed?•IfYes,completesectionsC,FandG.•IfNo,proceedtoquestionC.2andcompleteallremainingsectionsandquestionsinPanIC.2.Adoptedlanduseplans.a.Doanymunicipally-adopted(city,town,villageorcounty)comprehensivelanduseplan(s)includethesiteYes0Nowheretheproposedactionwouldbelocated?IfYes,doesthecomprehensiveplanincludespecificrecommendationsforthesitewheretheproposedaction0YesNowouldhelocated?b.Isthesiteoftheproposedactionwithinanylocalorregionalspecialplarmingdistrict(forexample:Greenway;0YesNoBrownfieldOpportunilyArea(BOA);designatedStateorFederalheritagearea;watershedmanagementplan;orother?)IfYes,identifytheplan(s):c.Istheproposedactionlocatedwhollyorpartiallywithinanarealistedinanadoptedmunicipalopenspaceplan,OYesØNoorartadoptedmunicipalfarmlandprotectionplan?IfYes,identi’theplan(s):Page2of13 CJ.Zoninga.IsthesiteoftheproposedactionlocatedinamunicipalitywithanadoptedzoningLaworordinance.YesQNoIfYes,whatisthezoningclassification(s)includinganyapplicableoverlaydistrict?Town-LDR.LowDensityResidentialCity-Ui,Universityb.Istheusepermittedorallowedbyaspecialorconditionalusepermit?YesDNoc.isazoningchangerequestedaspartoftheproposedaction?DYesNoIfYes,I.Whatistheproposednewzoningforthesite?______________________________________________________________________________CA.Existingcommunityservices.a.inwhatschooldistrictistheprojectsitelocated?IthacaCitySchoolDistiictb.WhatpoLiceorotherpubLicprotectionforcesservetheprojectsite?CornellUniversityPolice,IthacaPolicec.Whichfireprotectionandemergencymedicalservicesservetheprojectsite?CornellUniversityFireandLifeSafety,IthacaFireDepartmentStation2,CornellUniversityEmergencyMedicalServiced.Whatparksservetheprojectsitc?Therearemultiplegreenspaceareasnearby,includingCornellBotanicGardens,MinnsGarden.RockwellAzaleaGarden,LibeSlope,andothergreenSpatesoilt.dPIlpUs.D.ProjectDetailsD.1.ProposedandPotentialDevelopmenta,Whatisthegeneralnatureoftheproposedaction(e.g.,residential,industrial,commercial,recreational;ifmixed,includeallcomponents)?Institutional,recreationalb.a.Totalacreageofthesiteoftheproposedaction?7.3acresb.Totalacreagetobephysicallydisturbed?7.3acresc.Totalacreage(projectsiteandanycontiguousproperties)ownedorcontrolledbytheapplicantorprojectsponsor?7.3acresc.Istheproposedactionanexpansionofanexistingprojectoruse?CYesNoi.IfYes,whatistheapproximatepercentageoftheproposedexpansionandidentifytheunits(e.g.,acres,miles,housingunits,squarefeet)’?%_________________________Units:__________________________d.Istheproposedactionasubdivision,ordoesitincludeasubdivision?CYesNoIfYes,i.Purposeortypeofsubdivision?(e.g.,residential,industrial,commercial;ifmixed,specifytypes)/t.Isacluster/conservationlayoutproposed?DYesQNoiii.Numberoflotsproposed?__________iv.Minimumandmaximumproposcdlotsizes?Minimum___________Maximum_______e.Willtheproposedactionbeconstructedinmultiplephases?CYesNoi.IfNo,anticipatedperiodofconstruction:16monthsii.IfYes:•Totalnumberofphasesanticipated______•AnticipatedcommencementdateofphaseI(includingdemolition)______month______year•Anticipatedcompletiondateoffinalphase_____month_____year•Generallydescribeconnectionsorrelationshipsamongphases,includinganycontingencieswhereprogressofonephasemaydeterminetimingordurationofffiturephases:____________________________________________________________________Page3of13 f.Doestheprojectincludenewresidentialuses’?DYesZNoIfYes,shownumbersofunitsproposed.OneErnjlTwoFamilyThreeFamilyMultipleFamily(gormore)InitialPhase_________________________________________________________________Atcompletionofallphases____________________________________________________________g.Doestheproposedactionincludenewnon-residentialconstruction(includingexpansions)?YesDNoIfYes.i.Totalnumberofstructures1ii.Dimensions(infeet)oflargestproposedstructure:56ftheight;382ftwidth;and224Itlengthiii.Approximatecxtentofbuildingspacetobeheatedorcooled:Fr+1-90,289;C:+1-446squarefeeth.DoestheproposedactionincludeconstructionorotheractivitiesthaiwillresultintheimpoundmentofanyDYesNoliquids,suchascreationofawatersupply,reservoir,pond,lake,wastelagoonorotherstorage?IfYes,IPurposeoftheimpoundment:______________________________________________________________________________________ii.Ifawaterimpoundment,theprincipalsourceofthewater:QGroundwaterSurfacewaterstreamsQOtherspecify:iii.Ifotherthanwater,identtt’thetypeofimpounded/containedliquidsandtheirsource.iv.Approximatesizeoftheproposedimpoundment.Volume:_____________milliongallons;stirfacearea:________acresv.Dimensionsoftheproposeddamorimpoundingstructure:_________height;_______lengthvi.Constructionmethod/materialsfortheproposeddamorimpoundingstructure(e.g.,earthfill,rock,wood,concrete):D.2.ProjectOperationsa.Doestheproposedactionincludeanyexcavation,mining,ordredging,duringconstruction,operations,orboth?ØYesDNo(Notincludinggeneralsitepreparation,gradingorinstallationofutilitiesorfoundationswhereallexcavatedmaterialswillremainonsite)IfYes:iWhatisthepurposeoftheexcavationordredging?Buildingfoundationsii.I-lowmuchmaterial(includingrock,earth,sediments,etc.)isproposedtoberemovedfromthesite?•Volume(speci’tonsorcubicyards):0•Overwhatdurationoftime?_________________________________________________________iii.Describenatureandcharacteristicsofmaterialstobeexcavatedordredged,andplanstouse,manageordisposeofthem.Excavatedmaterialswillremainonsite.Iv.Willtherebeonsitedewateringorprocessingofexcavatedmaterials?QYesNoIfyes,describe.i.Whatisthetotalareatobedredgedorexcavated?_________________________________________acresvi.Whatisthemaximumareatobeworkedatanyonetime?___________________________________acresiiiWhatwouldbethemaximumdepthofexcavationordredging?___________________________fcetviii.Willtheexcavationrequireblasting?UYesNoix.Summarizesitereclamationgoalsandplan:-b.Wouldtheproposedacttoncauseorresultinalterationof,increaseordecreaseinsizeof,orencroachmentIJYesNointoanyexistingwetland,waterbody,shoreline,beachoradjacentarea?IfYes:i.Identifythewetlandorwaterbodywhichwouldbeaffected(byname,waterindexnumber,wetlandmapnumberorgeographicdescription):Page4of13 II,Describehowtheproposedactionwouldaffectthatwaterbodyorwetland,eg.excavation,fill,placementofstructures,oraherationofchannels,banksandshorelines.Indicateextentofactivities,alterationsandadditionsinsquarefeetoracres:iii.Willtheproposedactioncauseorresultindisturbancetobottomsediments?CYesØNoIfYes,describe:iv.Willtheproposedactioncauseorresultinthedestructionorremovalofaquaticvegetation?CYesNoIfYes;•acresofaquaticvegetationproposedtoberemoved:_______________________________________________________________•expectedacreageofaquaticvegetationremainingafterprojectcompletion:___________________________________________•purposeofproposedremoval(e.g.beachclearing,invasivespeciescontrol,boataccess):_________________________________•proposedmethodofplantremoval:________________________________________________________________________•ifchemical/herbicidetreatmentwillbeused,speci&product(s):_____________________________________________________v.Describeanyproposedreclamation/mitigationfollowingdisturbance:_________________________________________________________c.Willtheproposedactionuse,orcreateanewdemandforwater?IYesQNoIfYes:i.Totalanticipatedwaterusage/demandperday:3,600gallons/dayii.Willtheproposedactionobtainwaterfromanexistingpublicwatersupply?lYesQNoIfYes:•Nameofdistrictorservicearea:CornellUniversityWaterSystem(NYSDECPermit#:7-5030-00008l00007)•Doestheexistingpublicwatersupplyhavecapacitytoservetheproposal?YesQNo•Istheprojectsiteintheexistingdistrict?YesNo•Isexpansionofthedistrictneeded?CYesNo•Doexistinglinesservetheprojectsite?‘YesCNoiii.Willlineextensionwithinanexistingdistrictbenecessarytosupplytheproject?YcsQNoIfYes:•Describeextensionsorcapacityexpansionsproposedtoservethisproject:_______________________________________________Anew10”HDPEwatermainwillbeconnectedtotheexistinghighpressuresystemlocatedalongTowerRd.andextendedtothebuilding.•Source(s)ofsupplyforthedistrict:FallCreekviatheCornellUniversityWaterFiltrationPlantiv.Isanewwatersupplydistrictorserviceareaproposedtobeformedtoservetheprojectsite?CYesNoIf,Yes:•Applicant/sponsorfornewdistrict:______________________________________________________________________•Dateapplicationsubmittedoranticipated:_____________________________________________________________________________•Proposedsource(s)ofsupplyfornewdistrict:____________________________________________________________________v.Ifapublicwatersupplywillnotbeused,describeplanstoprovidewatersupplyfortheproject:_____________________________Apublicwatersupplywillusedfortheproposedproject.vi.Ifwatersupplywillbefromwells(publicorprivate),whatisthemaximumpumpingcapacity:________gallons/minute.d.Willtheproposedactiongenerateliquidwastes?YescINoIfYes:i.Totalanticipatedliquidwastegenerationperday:3,600gallons/dayii.Natureofliquidwastestobegenerated(e.g.,sanitarywastewater,industrial;ifcombination,describeallcomponentsandapproximatevolumesorproportionsofeach):__________________________________________________________________Domesticwastewateronly.iii.Willtheproposedactionuseanyexistingpublicwastewatertreatmentfacilities?ØYesQNoIfYes:•Nameofwastewatertreatmentplanttobeused:IthacaAreaWasteWaterTreatmentFacility(IATF)•Nameofdistrict:IthacaAreaWasteWaterServiceArea•Doestheexistingwastewatertreatmentplanthavecapacitytoservetheproject?YesDNo•Istheprojectsiteintheexistingdistrict?YescJNo•Isexpansionofthedistrictneeded?QYesNoPage5of13 •Doexistingsewerlinesservetheprojectsite?YesNo•Willalineextensionwithinanexistingdistrictbenecessarytoservetheproject?YesQNdIfYes:•Describeextensionsorcapacityexpansionsproposedtoservethisproject:__________________________________________SanitarysewagefromtheproposedbuildingwillbeliftedtotheUniversitygravitysanitarysewersystemalongCampusRdbymeansofaduplexgrinderpumpstationthroughanewpolyethyleneforcemain.iv.Willanewwastewaler(sewage)treatmentdistrictbeformedtoservetheprojectsite?DYesJNoIfYes:•Applicant/sponsorfornewdistrict:_____________________________________________________________________________•Dateapplicationsubmittedoranticipated:________________________________________________________________________________•Whatisthereceivingwaterforthewastewaterdischarge?__________________________________________________________v.ifpublicfacilitieswillnotbeused,describeplanstoprovidewastewatertreatmentfortheproject,includingspeci’ingproposedreceivingwater(nameandclassificationifsurfacedischargeordescribesubsurfacedisposalplans):vi.Describeanyplansordesignstocapture,recycleorreuseliquidwaste:__________________________________________________________e.Willtheproposedactiondisturbmorethanoneacreandcreatestormwaterrunoff,eitherfromnewpointIYesflNosources(i.e.ditches,pipes,swales,curbs,guttersorotherconcentratedflowsofstormwater)ornon-pointsource(i.e.sheetflow)duringconstructionorpostconstruction?IfYes:1.flowmuchimpervioussurfacewilltheprojectcreateinrelationtototalsizeofprojectparcel?______Squarefeetor3.3acres(impervioussurface)______Squarefeetor7.3acres(parcelsize)ii.Describetypesofnewpointsources.Buildingroofdrainagesystem,swales,athleticfieldunderdrainsiii.V/herewillthestormwaterrunoffbedirected(i.e.on-sitestormwatermanagementfacility/structures,adjacentproperties,groundwater,on-sitesurfacewateroroff-sitesurfacewaters)?Runoffwillbecollectedviaasystemofon-sitedrainageinlets,swains,andunderdrains;thendirectedtoaseriesofbelowgradedetentionfacilitiesandgreeninfrastructurepracticeswithdischargeconnechonstoexistingsewersystems.Existingdrainagepatternsandrateswillbemaintained.•Iftosurfacewaters,identifyreceivingwaterbodiesorwetlands:_________________________________________N/A•Willstormwaterrunoffflowtoadjacentproperties?QYesNoiv.Doestheproposedplanminimizeimpervioussurfaces,useperviousmaterialsorcollectandre-usestormwater?DYesNof.Doestheproposedactionthclude,orwillituseon-site,oneormoresourcesofairemissions,includingfuelØYesflNocombustion,wasteincineration,orotherprocessesoroperations?IfYes,identil5’:i.Mobilesourcesduringprojectoperations(e.g.,heavyequipment,fleetordeliveryvehicles)Noneduringoperations.Duringconstruction:earth-movingequipment,trucks,materialhandlers,cranes,andboomlifts.ii.Stationarysourcesduringconstruction(e.g.,powergeneration,structuralheating,batchplant,crushers)Noneanticipated.iii.Stationarysourcesduringoperations(e.g.,processemissions,largeboilers,electricgeneration)None.g.WillanyairemissionsourcesnamedinD.2.f(above),reqtiireaNYStateAirRegistration.AirFacilityPermit,QYesNoorFederalCleanAirActTitleIVorTitleVPemiit?IfYes:LIstheprojectsitelocatedinanAirqualitynon-attainmentarea?(ArearoutinelyorperiodicallyfailstomeetDYesDNoambientairqualitystandardsforallorsomepartsoftheyear)ii.Inadditiontoemissionsascalculatedintheapplication,theprojectwillgenerate:•___________Tons/year(shorttons)ofCarbonDioxide(C02)•_____________Tons/year(shorttons)ofNitrousOxide(N20)•____________Tons/year(shorttons)ofPerfluorocarbons(PFCs)•____________Tons/year(shorttons)ofSulfurHexafluoride(SF6)•____________Tons/year(shorttons)ofCarbonDioxideequivalentofHydroflourocarbons(HFCs)•____________Tons/year(shorttons)ofHazardousAirPollutants(HAPs)Page6of13 h.Willtheproposedactiongenerateoremitmethane(including,butnotlimitedto,sewagetreatmentplants,EYesØNolSndfills,compostingfacilities)?IfYes:i.Estimatemethanegenerationintons/year(metric):___________________________________________________________________________ii.Describeanymethanecapture,controloreliminationmeasuresincludedinprojectdesign(e.g.,combustiontogenerateheatorelectricity,flaring):i.Willtheproposedactionresultinthcreleaseofairpollutantsfromopen-airoperationsorprocesses,suchasQYesjNoquarryorlandfilloperations?IfYes:Describeoperationsandnatureofemissions(e.g.,dieselexhaust,rockparticulates/dust):j.WilltheproposedactionresultinasubstantialincreaseintrafficabovepresentlevelsorgeneratesubstantialQYesNonewdemandfortransportationfacilitiesorservices?IfYes:i.Whenisthepeaktrafficexpected(Checkallthatapply):CMorningUEveningQWeekendoRandomlybetweenhoursof___________to_________ii.Forcommercialactivitiesonly,projectednumberoftrucktrips/dayandtype(e.g.,semitrailersanddumptrucks):Parkingspaces:ExistingProposedNetincrease/decreaseDoestheproposedactionincludeanyshareduseparking?YesIftheproposedactionincludesanymodificationofexistingroads,creationofnewroadsorchangeinexistingaccess,describe:vLArepublic/privatetransportationservice(s)orfacilitiesavailablewithin‘/2mileoftheproposedsite?YesQNoviiWilltheproposedactionincludeaccesstopublictransportationoraccommodationsforuseofhybrid,electricYesQNoorotheralternativefueledvehicles?viii.WilltheproposedactionincludeplansforpedestrianorbicycleaccommodationsforconnectionstoexistingØYesQNopedestrianorbicycleroutes?k.Willtheproposedaction(forcommercialorindustrialprojectsonly)generateneworadditionaldemandQYesQNoforenergy?NotapplicableIfYes:LEstimateannualelectricitydemandduringoperationoftheproposedaction:________________________________________________ii.Anticipatedsources/suppliersofelectricityfortheproject(e.g.,on-sitecombustion,on-siterenewable,viagrid/localutility,orother):iii.Willtheproposedactionrequireanew,oranupgrade,toanexistingsubstation?DYesUNoI.Hoursofoperation.Answerallitemswhichapply.i.DuringConstruction:ii.DuringOperations:•Monday-Friday:7AM-7PM•Monday-Friday:24/7(hoursvarybyprogramming)•Saturday:7AM-7PM•Saturday:24/7(hoursvarybyprogramming).Sunday:7AM-7PM•Sunday:24/7(hoursvarybyprogramming)Holidays:7AM-7PM•Holidays:24/7(hoursvarybyprogramming)Page7of13 m.Willtheproposedactionproducenoisethatwillexceedexistingambientnoiselevelsduringconstruction,YesQNooperation,orboth?Ifyes:i.Providedetailsincludingsouices,timeofdayandduration:Duringconstructiononly.Rockremovalusinghydraulichammersmountedonexcavatorswilloccurifneeded.II.Willtheproposedactionremoveexistingnaturalbarriersthatcouldactasanoisebarrierorscreen?DYesØNoDescribe:11.Willtheproposedactionhaveoutdoorlighting?YesQNoIfyes:i.Describesource(s),location(s),heightoffixture(s),direction/aim,andproximitytonearestoccupiedstructures:SeeattachedNarrativeii.Willproposedactionremoveexistingnaturalbarriersthatcouldactasalightbarrierorscreen?DYesØNoDescribe:o.Doestheproposedactionhavethepotentialtoproduceodorsformorethanonehourperday?DYesNoIfYes,describepossiblesources,potentialfrequencyanddurationofodoremissions,andproximitytonearestoccupiedstructures:p.Willtheproposedactionincludeanybulkstorageofpetroleum(combinedcapacityofover1,100gallons)QYesNoorchemicalproducts185gallonsinabovegroundstorageoranyamountinundergroundstorage?IfYes:i.Product(s)tobestoredII.Volume(s)________perunittime______________(e.g..month,year)III.Generally,describetheproposedstoragefacilities:__________________________________________________________________________q.Willtheproposedaction(commercial,industrialandrecreationalprojectsonly)usepesticides(ic..herbicides,DYesNoinsecticides)duringconstructionoroperation?IfYes:i.Describeproposedtreatment(s):ii.WilltheproposedactionuseIntegratedPestManagementPractices?QYesQNor.Willtheproposedaction(commercialorindustrialprojectsonly)involveorrequirethemanagementordisposalQYesQNoofsolidwaste(excludinghazardousmaterials)?NotapplicableIfYes:i.Describeanysolidwaste(s)tobegeneratedduringconstructionoroperationofthefacility:•Construction:_________________tonsper_______________(unitoftime)•Operation:_____________________tonsper______________(unitoftime)II.Describeanyproposalsforon-siteminimization,recyclingorreuseofmaterialstoavoiddisposalassolidwaste:•Construction:•Operation:Iii.Proposeddisposalmethods/facilitiesforsolidwastegeneratedon-site:•Construction:•Operation:Page8of13 s.Doestheproposedactionincludeconstructionormodificationofasolidwastemanagementfacility?QYesNoIfYes:i.Typeofmanagementorhandlingofwasteproposedforthesite(e.g.,recyclingortransferstation,composting,landfill,orotherdisposalactivities):ii.Anticipatedrateofdisposal/processing:•Tons/month,iftransferorothernon-combustion/thermaltreatment,or•_________Tons/hour,ifcombustionorthermaltreatmentlitIflandfill,anticipatedsitelife:__________________________________yearst.Willtheproposedactionatthesiteinvolvethecommercialgeneration,treatment,storage,ordisposalofhazardousQYesNowaste?IfYes:i.Name(s)ofallhazardouswastesorconstituentstobegenerated,handledormanagedatfacility:__________________________ii.Generallydescribeprocessesoractivitiesinvolvinghazardouswastesorconstituents:______________________________________iii.Specifyamounttobehandledorgenerated______tons/monthiv.Describeanyproposalsforon-siteminimization,recyclingorreuseofhazardousconstituents:___________________________v.Willanyhazardouswastesbedisposedatanexistingoffsitehazardouswastefacility?.OYesflNoIfYes:providenameandlocationoffacility:_________________________________________________________________________IfNo:describeproposedmanagementofanyhazardouswasteswhichwillnotbesenttoahazardouswastefacility:E.SiteandSettingofProposedActionE.1.Landusesonandsurroundingtheprojectsitea.Existinglanduses.i.Checkallusesthatoccuron,adjoiningandneartheprojectsite.UUrbanflIndustrialflCommercialQResidential(suburban)LIRural(non-farm)ForestLiAgricultureUAquaticOther(specif):UniversityCampusii.Ifmixofuses,generallydescribe:b.Landusesandcovertypesontheprojectsite.LanduseorCurrentAcreageAfterChangeCovertypeAcreageProjectCompletion(Acres+/-)•Roads,buildings,andotherpavedorimpervioussurfaces2.35.6+3.3•Forestedooo•Meadows,grasslandsorbrushlands(nonagricultural,includingabandonedagricultural)000•Agricultural(includesactiveorchards,_field,_greenhouse_etc.)•Surfacewaterfeatures(lakes,ponds,streams,rivers,etc.)00•Wetlands(freshwaterortidal)000•Non-vegetated(barerock,earthorfill)ooo•OtherDescribe:LawnandNaturalTurfSportsFields51.7-3.3Page9of13 c.Istheprojectsitepresentlyusedbymembersofthecommunityforpublicrecreation?flYesNoi.IfYes:explain:d.Arethereanyfacilitiesservingchildren,theelderly,peoplewithdisabilities(e.g.,schools,hospitals,licensedEYesNodaycarecenters,orgrouphomes)within1500feetoftheprojectsite?IfYes,IIdenti1’Facilities:e.Doestheprojectsitecontainanexistingdarn?UYesNoIfYes:i.Dimensionsofthedamandimpoundment:•Darnheight:___________________________________feet•Darnlength:______________________________________feet•Surfacearea:__________________________________________acres•Volumeimpounded:____________________________________gallonsORacre-feetii.Darn’sexistinghazardclassification:______________________________________________________________________________hi.Providedateandsummarizeresultsoflastinspection:f.Hastheprojectsiteeverbeenusedasamunicipal,commercialorindustrialsolidwastemanagementfacility,QYesØNoordoestheprojectsiteadjoinpropertywhichisnow,orwasatonetime,usedasasolidwastemanagementfacility?IfYes:I.Hasthefacilitybeenformallyclosed?QyesDNo•Ifyes,citesources/documentation:____________________________________________________________________________ii.Describethelocationoftheprojectsiterelativetotheboundariesofthesolidwastemanagementfacility:iii.Describeanydevelopmentconstraintsduetothepriorsolidwasteactivities:_____________________________________________________g.Havehazardouswastesbeengenerated,treatedand/ordisposedofatthesite,ordoestheprojectsiteadjoinQYesNopropertywhichisnoworwasatonetimeusedtocommerciallytreat,storeand/ordisposeofhazardouswaste?IfYes:i.Describewaste(s)handledandwastemanagementactivities,includingapproximatetimewhenactivitiesoccurred:h.Potentialcontaminationhistory.Hastherebeenareportedspillattheproposedprojectsite,orhaveanyDYesNoremedialactionsbeenconductedatoradjacenttotheproposedsite’?IfYes:IIsanyportionofthesitelistedontheNYSDECSpillsIncidentsdatabaseorEnvironmentalSiteUYesDNoRemediationdatabase?Checkallthatapply:oYes—SpillsIncidentsdatabaseProvideDECIDnumber(s):_____________________________________0Yes—EnvironmentalSiteRemediationdatabaseProvideDECIDnumber(s):_____________________________________oNeitherdatabaseii.IfsitehasbeensubjectofRCRAcorrectiveactivities,describecontrolmeasures:__________________________________________hi.Istheprojectwithin2000feetofanysiteintheNYSDECEnvironmentalSiteRemediationdatabase?OYesNoIfyes,provideDECIDnumber(s):______________________________________________________________________________iv.lfyesto(i)(ii)or(iii)above,describecurrentstatusofsite(s):TheEAFMappermayidentifyseveralsitesbuttheyarealllocatedmorethan2000feetfromtheprojectsiteandarehydraulicallydownciradient.PagelOofl3 i.IstheprojectsitesubjecttoanInstitutionalcontrollimitingpropertyuses?CYesNo•Ifyes,DECsiteIDnumber:__________________________________________________________________________________•Describethetypeofinstitutionalcontrol(e.g.,deedrestrictionoreasement):_____________________________________•Describeanyuselimitations:_______________________________________________________________________________________•Describeanyengineeringcontrols:___________________________________________________________________________________•Willtheprojectaffecttheinstitutionalorengineeringcontrolsinplace?DYesQNo•Explain:E.2.NaturalResourcesOnorNearProjectSitea.Whatistheaveragedepthtobedrockontheprojectsite?>24feetb.Aretherebedrockoutcroppingsontheprojectsite?DYesINoIiYes,whatproportionofthesiteiscomprisedofbedrockoutcroppings?___________________c.Predominantsoiltype(s)presentonprojectsite:Brownsiftandclay(0-20ftdepth)100%_________________________%_________________________________________________%d.Whatistheaveragedepthtothewatertableontheprojectsite’?Average:>24feete.DrainagestatusofprojectsitesoiIs:XVeIIDrained:100%ofsiteUModeratelyWellDrained:_____%ofsitePoorlyDrained_____%ofsite1.Approximateproportionofproposedactionsirewithslopes:0-10%:100%ofsiteE10-15%:_____%ofsiteQ15%orgreater:______%ofsiteg.Arethereanyuniquegeologicfeaturesontheprojectsite?DYesNoIfYes,describe:h.Surfacewaterfeatures.IDoesanyportionoftheprojectsitecontainwetlandsorotherwaterbodies(includingstreams,rivers,UYes1Nopondsorlakes)?ii.Doanywetlandsorotherwaterbodiesadjointheprojectsite?UYesNoIfYestoeitheriorii,continue.IfNo.skiptoE.2.i.iii.Areanyofthewetlandsorwaterbodieswithinoradjoiningtheprojectsiteregulatedbyanyfederal,DYesONostateorlocalagency?ivForeachidentifiedregulatedwetlandandwaterbodyontheprojectsite,providethefollowinginformation:•Streams:NameClassification_____________________________•LakesorPonds:Name___________________________________________________Classification___________________________•Wetlands:Name___________________________________________________ApproximateSize______________________•WetlandNo.(ifregulatedbyDEC)_______________________________i’.Areanyoftheabovewaterbodieslistedinthemostrecentcompi]ationofNYSwaterquality-impairedDYesQNowaterbodies?Ifyes,nameofimpairedwaterbody/bodiesandbasisforlistingasimpaired:_____________________________________________________i.IstheprojectsiteinadesignatedFloodway?QYesØNoj.Istheprojectsiteinthe100-yearFloodplain?QYesØNok.Istheprojectsiteinthe500-yearFloodplain?QYesINoI.Istheprojectsitelocatedover,orimmediatelyadjoining,aprimary,principalorsolesourceaquifer?QYesNoIfYes:INameofaquifer:Page11of13 m.Identifythepredominantwildlifespeciesthatoccupyorusetheprojectsite:___________________________________WildlifecommontodevelopedurbanandMatingpairofred-tailedhawksnestonasuburbanareas,lightpoleonsite.n.Doestheprojectsitecontainadesignatedsignificantnaturalcommunity?QYesØNoIfYes:i.Describethehabitat/community(composition,ftnction,andbasisfordesignation):___________________________________________ii.Source(s)ofdescriptionorevaluation:____________________________________________________________________________________iii.ExtentofcommunityJhabttat:•Currently:____________________________acres•Followingcompletionofprojectasproposed:_______________________acres•Gainorloss(indicate+or-):__________________________acreso.DoesprojectsitecontainanyspeciesofplantoranimalthatislistedbythefederalgovernmentorNYSasYcsNoendangeredorthreatened,ordoesitcontainanyareasidentifiedashabitatforanendangeredorthreatenedspecies?IfYcs:I.Speciesandlisting(endangcrcdorthreatened):____________________________________________________________________________________________LakesturgeonandRusty-patchedBumblebeearelistedinEAFMapperreport,however,theexistingsiteisasportsfieldandthereforeinhospitabletoeitherofthesespecies.p.DoestheprojectsitecontainanyspeciesofplanioranimalthatislistedbyNYSasrare,orasaspeciesofDYesØNospecialconcern?IfYes:I.Speciesandlisting:q.Istheprojectsiteoradjoiningareacurrentlyusedforhunting,trapping,fishingorshellfishing?QYesNoIfyes,giveabriefdescriptionofhowtheproposedactionmayaffectthatuse:______________________________________________11.3.DesignatedPublicResourcesOnorNearProjectSitea.Istheprojectsite,oranyportionofit,locatedinadesignatedagriculturaldistrictcertifiedpursuanttoYesNoAgricultureandMarketsLaw,Article25-AA,Section303and304?IfYes,providecountyplusdistrictname/number:___________________________________________________________________________b.Areagriculturallandsconsistingofhighlyproductivesoilspresent?DYesNo1.IfYes:acreage(s)onprojectsite?_______________________________________________________________________________________________ii.Source(s)ofsoilrating(s):c.Doestheprojectsitecontainallorpartof,orisitsubstantiallycontiguousto.aregisteredNationalDYesØNoNaturalLandmark?IfYes:i.Natureofthenaturallandmark:flBiologicalCommunityQGeologicalFeatureii.Providebriefdescriptionoflandmark,includingvaluesbehinddesignationandapproximatesize/extent:____________________d.IstheprojectsitelocatedinordoesitadjoinastatelistedCriticalEnvironmentalArea?CYesNoIfYes:i.CEAname:ii.Basisfordesignation:iii.Designatingagencyanddate:___________________________________________________________________________________________Page12of13 e.Doestheprojectsitecontain,orisitsubstantiallycontiguousto,abuilding,archaeologicalsite,ordistrictLIYesØNo*hichislistedontheNationalorStateRegisterofHistoricPlaces,orthathasbeendeterminedbytheCommissioneroftheNYSOfficeofParks,RecreationandHistoricPreservationtobeeligibleforlistingontheStateRegisterofHistoricPlaces?IfYes:i.Natureofhistoric/archaeologicalresource:CArchaeologicalSiteDI-listoricBuildingorDistrictii.Name:III.Briefdescriptionofattributesonwhichlistingisbased:IIstheprojectsite,oranyportionofit,locatedinoradjacenttoanareadesignatedassensitiveforflYesNoarchaeologicalsitesontheNYStateHistoricPreservationOffice(SHPO)archaeologicalsiteinventory?g.Haveadditionalarchaeologicalorhistoricsite(s)orresourcesbeenidentifiedontheprojectsite?QYesNoIfYes:i.Describepossibleresource(s):ii.Basisforidentification:Ii.Istheprojectsitewithinfivesmilesofanyofficiallydesignatedandpubliclyaccessiblefederal,state,orLocalYesØNoscenicoraestheticresource?IfYes:i,Identifyresource:ii.Natureof.orbasisfor,designation(e.g.establishedhighwayoverlook,stateorlocalpark,statehistorictrailorscenicbyway,etc.):iii.Distancebetweenprojectandresource:__________________________miles.i.IstheprojectsitelocatedwithinadesignatedrivercorridorundertheWild,ScenicandRecreationalRiversQYesNoProgram6NYCRR666?IfYes:i.Identifythenameoftheriveranditsdesignation:_____________________________________________________________________ii.Istheactivityconsistentwithdevelopmentrestrictionscontainedin6NYCRRPart666?flYesQNoF.AdditionalInformationAttachanyadditionalinformationwhichmaybeneededtoclarifyyourproject.Ifyouhaveidentifiedanyadverseimpactswhichcouldbeassociatedwithyourproposal,pleasedescribethoseimpactsplusanymeasureswhichyouproposetoavoidorminimizethem.C.VerificationIcertifythattheinformationprovidedistruetothebestofmyknowledge.Applicant/SponsorNameKimberlyMichaelsDateDecember15.2023Signature.TitleDirectorofLandscapeArchitecturcIPRINTFORMPagel3ofl3 APPROVEDRESOLUTIONCityofIthacaPlanning&DevelopmentBoardS/CEQRNegativeDeclarationMeinigFieldhouse-IndoorSports&RecCenter239TowerRdSeptember3,2024WHEREAS:theCityofIthacaPlanningandDevelopmentBoardhasonependingapplicationforsiteplanapprovalforanindoorsportsandrecreationcenterlocatedat239TowerRdbyKimberlyMichacis,TrowbridgeWolfMichaels,aFisherAssociatesLandscapeArchitectureStudio,andWHEREAS:theapplicantproposestoconstructtheMeinigFieldhouse.anindoorsportsandrecreatioTicenterofapproximately90,000SFontheexistingRohisonAlumniFieldswhichiscomposedofnaturalgrassandartificialturffields,sidewalks,spectatorviewingareas,andparkinglots.TheMeinigFieldhousewillaccommodateafieldthatwillbeprogrammedtosupportNCAArequirementsforwomenandmenlacrossecompetitions;avarsitysoccerpitchand/orvarsityfootballfieldforpractices;andthefacilitywillhostcampusrecreation,club,andintramuralsportteams.Theproposedbuildingwillalsoincludeamechanicalroom,restrooms,atrainingroom,andstorageonthegroundfloor;twoteamrooms,restrooms.anareaforelevatedfilmingandmechanicalspacesonthesecondlevelmezzanineaccessiblebybothstairsandelevator;andoneachlevelanareaforalimitednumberofspectators.Theprojectislocatedincentralcampusandthelimitofdisturbanceisproposedlobeapproximatcly7acresintotal,with5.8acresintheCityand1.2acresintheTownofIthaca.TheprojectsiteislocatedintheU-IZoningDistnctintheCityofIthacaandwillrequirenovariancesandislocatedintheLow-DensityResidentialZoningDistrictuttheTownofIthacaandwillrequirevariancesinthetown,andWHEREAS:thisisaTypeIActiontindertheCityofIthacaEnvironmentalQualityReviewOrdinance§176-4B.l(h).(n),and8(a),andtheStateEnvironmentalQualityReviewAct(“SEQRA’)§617.4b.(11)andissubjecttoenvironmentalreview,andWHEREAS:NYSDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,TompkinsCountyDepartmentofHealth,CityofIthaca,TompkinsCountyDepartmentofPlanningandSustainability,andTownofIthaca,allpotentiallyinvolvedagenctesinthisaction,haveconsentedtothePlanningBoardactingasLeadAgencyforthisproject,andWHEREAS:theCityofIthacaPlanningandDevelopmentBoard,beingthelocalagencywhichhasprimaiyresponsibilityforapprovingandfindingorcanyingouttheaction,didonJanuary23.2024declareitselfLeadAgencyinEnvironmentalReviewfortheproject.andWHEREAS:thePlanningBoard,actingasLeadAgencyinEnvironmentalReview,didonSeptember3.2022,reviewandacceptasadequate:aFullEnvironmentalAssessmentForm(FEAF).PartI,submittedbytheapplicant,andParts2and3preparedbyPlanningstaff:IndoorSportsandRecreationCenter&Multi-PurposeFieldPacket(26ppCl00-L8-11)dated04/19/24andpreparedbyProjectConsultantsincludingSasakiArchitect+LandscapeArchitect,T.G.Miller,P.C.,Lemessurier.RFSEngineering,1-loweEngineers:VehicleTrackingSn.Ldy(2pp)preparedbyaboveconsultantsanddated03/20/23;Sevendiagramsdated04/I9/24andpreparedbyTWLAAFisherAssociatesLandscapeArchitectureStudio;andotherapplicationmaterials,andWHEREAS:intercstedpartieshavebeengiventheopportunitytocommentontheproposedproject,andanyreceivedcommentshavebeenconsidered,now,therefore,beltRESOLVED:That,pertherequirementsoutlinedin6NYCRRPart617.3(g)oftheNewYorkStateEnvironmentalQualityReviewAct,thesegtnentationoftheabove-referencedactionfromfuturephasesofdevelopmentiswarranted,giventhat: 1.CityofIthacaPlanningBoardapprovaloftheproposedMeinigFieldhousedoesnotconmittheTownofIthacatoapproveanyofthedevelopmentofafieldhockeyfieldassociatedwiththepropertyonGameFarmRoadintheTownofIthaca;2.Astheproposeddevelopmentofthefieldhockeyfieldislocatedentirelyinthetown,theTownofIthacawillestablishitselfasLeadAgencyforthisaction;and3.SegmentationoftheenvironmentalreviewforthenewMeinigfieldhouseintheCityofIthacaandTownofIthacafromtheenvironmentalreviewforanyfuturedevelopmentofthefieldhockeyfieldintheTownofIthacawillnotbelessprotectiveoftheenvironment,becausetheconstructionanduseofafieldhouseintheCityofIthacaincentralcampusdoesnotsharecommonenvironmentalimpactswiththeconstructionanduseofanewfieldhockeyfieldoveroneandhalfmilesawayoffofcentralcampusintheTownofIthacaintermsoftraffic,noise,lighting,visual,stomwater,utilitiesandotherimpacts.ANDBEITFURTHERRESOLVED:thattheCityPlanningBoarddetermined,aselaboratedintheFEAFPart3,thattheproposedprojectwillresultinnosignificantadverseimpactsontheenvironmentandaNegativeDeclarationforpurposesofArticle8oftheEnvironmentalConservationLawbeissuedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofPart617ofSEQRA.Movedby:KhourySecondedby:RolimanInfavor:Roliman,Khoury,Sutchffc,PetrinaAgainst:NoneAbstain:GoddenAbsent:CorreaVacancies:One APPROVEDRESOLUTIONCityofIthacaPlanning&DevelopmentBoardDeclarationofLeadAgencyMeinigFieldhouse-IndoorSports&RecCenter239TowerRdJanuary23.2024WHEREAS:6NYCRRPan617oftheStateEnvironmentalQualityReviewLawandChapter176.6oftheCityCode,EnvironmentalQualityReview,requirethataleadagencybeestablishedforconductingenvironmentalreviewofprojectsinaccordancewithlocalandstateenvironmentallaw,andWHEREAS:StaleLawspecificsthatforactionsgovernedbylocalenvironmentalreview,theleadagencyshallbethatlocalagencywhichhasprimaryresponsibilityforapprovingaridfundingorcarryingouttheaction,andWHEREAS:theCityofIthacaPlanningandDevelopmentBoardhasonependingapplicationforsiteplanapprovalforanindoorsportsandrecreationcenterlocatedat239TowerRdbyKimberlyMichaels,TrowbridgeWolfMichaels,aFisherAssociatesLandscapeArchitectureStudio,andWHEREAS:theapplicantproposestoconstructtheMeinigFieldhouse,anindoorsportsandrecreationcenterofapproximately90.000SFontheexistingRobisonAlumniFieldswhichiscomposedofnaturalgrassandartificialturffields,sidewalks,spectatorviewingareas,andparkinglots.TheMeinigFieldhousewillaccommodateafieldthatwillbeprogrammedtosupportNCAArequirementsforwomenandmenlacrossecompetitions;avarsitysoccerpitchand/orvarsityfootballfieldforpractices;andthefacilitywillhostcampusrecreation,club,andintramuralsportteams.Theproposedbuildingwillalsoincludeamechanicalroom,restrooms.atrainingroom,andstorageonthegroundfloor;twoteamrooms,restrooms,anareaforelevatedfilmingandmechanicalspacesonthesecondlevelmezzanineaccessiblebybothstairsandelevator;andoneachlevelanareaforalimitednumberofspectators.Theprojectislocatedincentralcampusandthelimitofdisturbanceisproposedtobeapproximately7acresintotal,with5.8acresintheCityand1.2acresintheTownofIthaca.TheprojectsiteislocatedintheU-IZoningDistrictintheCityofIthacaandwillrequirenovariancesandislocatedintheLow-DensityResidentialZoningDistrictintheTownofIthacaandwillrequirevariancesinthetown,andWHEREAS:thisisaTypeIActionunderIheCityofIthacaEnvironmentalQualityReviewOrdinance§176-4B.1(b),(n),and8(a),andtheStateEnvironmentalQualityReviewAct(“SEQRA”)§617.4b.(II)andissubjecttoenvironmentalreview,andWHEREAS:NYSDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation,TompkinsCountyDepartmentofHealth,CityofIthaca,TompkinsCountyDepartmentofPlanningandSustainability.andTownofIthaca,allpotentiallyinvolvedagenciesinthisaction,haveconsentedtothePlanningBoardactingasLeadAgencyforthisproject,now,thereforebeitRESOLVED:thattheCityofIthacaPlanningandDevelopmentBoarddoes,bywayofthisresolution,declareitselfLeadAgencyinEnvironmentalRevicwfortheproposedproject.Movedby:PetrinaSecondedby:CoiTeaInFavor:Petrina,Correa,Khoury,GlassAgainst:NoneAbstain:GoddenAbsent:NoneVacancies:Two Cornell University Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan Volume I. Narrative City of Ithaca, Town of Ithaca Tompkins County, New York Prepared for: Cornell University 102 Humphreys Service Building Ithaca, New York 14853 Prepared by: T.G. Miller P.C. 605 West State Street, Suite A Ithaca, New York 14850 (607) 272-6477 September 9, 2024 TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECT INFORMATION 1 PROJECT NAME AND DESCRIPTION 1 OPERATOR’S NAME AND ADDRESS 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 PURPOSE AND EXTENT OF PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 1 PROJECT DISTURBANCE AREA 1 DESCRIPTION AND LIMITATIONS OF ON-SITE SOILS 2 HISTORIC PLACES 2 WETLANDS 2 NAME OF RECEIVING WATERS 2 FLOODPLAINS 2 SEQUENCE OF MAJOR ACTIVITIES 2 POST-CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER MANAGEMENT 3 EXISTING CONDITIONS 3 FUTURE CONDITIONS 4 WATER QUALITY CONTROLS 4 RUNOFF REDUCTION VOLUME 5 CHANNEL PROTECTION 6 WATER QUANTITY CONTROLS 6 PRACTICE SIZING 7 BIORETENTION FILTER 7 UNDERGROUND STORMWATER CHAMBERS 8 UNDERGROUND SAND FILTER 8 HYDRODYNAMIC SEPARATOR UNIT 9 PRACTICE SUMMARY 10 STORMWATER SIGNAGE 10 BETTER SITE DESIGN 10 BIORETENTION/RAIN GARDENS 10 ROOFTOP RUNOFF REDUCTION MITIGATION 10 SOIL RESTORATION 11 CONTROLS 12 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS 12 STABILIZATION PRACTICES 12 WINTER STABILIZATION 12 STRUCTURAL PRACTICES 13 OTHER CONTROLS 13 WASTE DISPOSAL 13 SANITARY WASTE 14 OFF-SITE VEHICLE TRACKING 14 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND HAZARDOUS WASTE 14 CONTAMINATED SOILS 15 MAINTENANCE/INSPECTION PROCEDURES 15 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE PRACTICES 15 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE REPORT FORMS 16 OTHER RECORD-KEEPING REQUIREMENTS 16 POST-CONSTRUCTION MAINTENANCE 16 SPILL PREVENTION CONTROL AND COUNTERMEASURES (SPCC) PLAN 17 MATERIALS COVERED 17 GOOD HOUSEKEEPING 18 HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS 18 PRODUCT SPECIFIC PRACTICES 18 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS 18 FERTILIZERS 18 PAINTS, PAINT SOLVENTS, AND CLEANING SOLVENTS 18 SPILL PREVENTION PRACTICES 19 CONTROL OF ALLOWABLE NON-STORMWATER DISCHARGES 19 COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL REGULATIONS 20 CERTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION 20 OPERATOR’S CERTIFICATION 20 ENGINEER’S CERTIFICATION ON COMPLIANCES WITH FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL REGULATIONS:21 SWPPP FORMS MS4 ACCEPTANCE FORM OWNER/OPERATOR CERTIFICATION FORM SWPPP PREPARER CERTIFICATION FORM NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMETAL CONSERVATION NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI) CONTRACTOR AND INSPECTION FORMS CONTRACTOR CERTIFICATION LOG FORM 1 CONTRACTOR/SUBCONTRACTOR CERTIFICATION FORM 2 STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN INSPECTION REPORT FORM 3 MODIFICATION REPORT FORM 4 PROJECT RAINFALL LOG FORM 5 RECORD OF STABILIZATION AND CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES FORM 6 FIGURES EXISTING WATERSHED BOUNDARIES SHEET 1 OF 3 PROPOSED WATERSHED BOUNDARIES SHEET 2 OF 3 POINT OF ANALYSIS LOCATION MAP SHEET 3 OF 3 CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS LEGEND AND NOTES C100 EXISTING CONDITIONS PLAN C101 ESC PLAN-CONSTRUCTION PHASE C102A ESC PLAN-STABILIZATION PHASE C102B DEMOLITION PLAN C103 UTILITY PLAN C104 DRAINAGE PLAN C105 DETAILS C201 DETAILS C202 DETAILS C203 PROFILE C301 GRADING PLAN L4-01 PLANTING PLAN L5-01 PLANTING SCHEDULE L5-02 CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.1.September 9, 2024 PROJECT INFORMATION Project Name and Description Cornell University Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field 313 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14850 City of Ithaca, Town of Ithaca Tompkins County, New York Operator’s Name and Address Cornell University c/o Elisabete Godden 102 Humphreys Service Building Ithaca, NY 14853 (607) 255-2478 egodden@cornell.edu PROJECT DESCRIPTION Purpose and Extent of Proposed Development The Cornell University Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field (ISRC) project is located in both the City and Town of Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York (Tax Map Parcel 31.-1-1.2). The project includes the construction of a 90,000 square foot field house that will provide an indoor space for use by Cornell’s athletic teams and students. Also, a new multi-purpose sports field will be constructed for use by the University’s athletics department. Additionally, amenities such as fire access roads, walkways, and landscape areas will also be constructed as part of the development. The stormwater management objectives focus on controlling erosion and sedimentation during construction and treatment of runoff from the post-developed site. As a non-residential property disturbing greater than one acre of land, a “Full” Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is required, including both erosion controls and permanent stormwater management practices under the regulations of the City of Ithaca, Town of Ithaca, and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC). Stormwater management objectives for the site include: •Providing water quality treatment by means of bioretention filters, below grade detention systems with sand filters, and hydrodynamic separator. •Providing stormwater detention to meet DEC standards for the 1-, 2-, 10-, 25- and 100-year storm events. •Controlling sediment and erosion during construction utilizing temporary practices. Project Disturbance Area Total Disturbed Area: 7.11 acres Existing Impervious Area: 3.89 acres Proposed Impervious Area: 5.57 acres Increase in Impervious Area: 1.68 acres Disturbance greater than five (5) acres of soil at any one time shall not be allowed without prior written authorization from the NYSDEC and the MS4 having jurisdiction. CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.2.September 9, 2024 Description and Limitations of On-Site Soils On-site soils information is not available from the USDA Soil Surveys of Tompkins County. (See Volume II) A geotechnical investigation to determine the soil types and properties for the on-site soils was conducted by the geotechnical consultant, Haley Aldrich. A total of ten (HA1-HA10) test borings were drilled on the site in December 2023. The results of the investigation are presented in the attached report by Haley Aldrich dated February 7, 2024. The boring locations are as shown on Figure 2, Site and Subsurface Exploration Location Plan, in the geotechnical report. The investigation has determined the surficial soils on this site include topsoil with thicknesses ranging from 0.5 to 2 feet. The topsoil overlays fill/reworked natural material with a thickness ranging from 0 and 5.5 feet. Below the fill/reworked natural material, the soil is characterized as glaciolacustrine silt and sand. The thickness of this silt and sand layer was observed to range from 6.2 to 6.6. Below the glaciolacustrine silt and sand, glacial till was encountered. Auger refusal was not encountered, and glacial till was observed at termination depths of approximately 20 feet. Groundwater was encountered in borings HA-2 and HA-6, at approximate elevations of 860 to 864.6 feet. Five infiltration tests (B1-B5) were completed by Haley Aldrich, on January 22-23, 2024 in accordance with Appendix “D” of the NYSDEC Stormwater Design Manual. The infiltration tests were completed within the footprint of the future underground stormwater chamber system located beneath the proposed sports field. These test locations encountered soft to stiff silt with clay and produced infiltration rates less than 0.5 inches/hour. As a result, the bottom of this practice will underdrains and will not rely on infiltration. Historic Places Based on GIS mapping available from the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation website the proposed project will not impact property that lies within an archeologically sensitive area or is on a property listed or eligible for listing on the State or National Register of Historic Places. (See Volume II) Wetlands There are neither federal nor state wetlands located on, or adjacent to, the ISRC property. Refer to the State and Federal Wetland Maps. (See Volume II) Name of Receiving Waters Stormwater runoff is currently discharged from the site through one of two piped connections located along the southern boundary. Each discharge location will be maintained, and discharge rates will be controlled to match existing rates. Each point of discharge enters a common piped storm sewer system which eventually discharges into Cascadilla Creek. Floodplains Based on a review of the FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Map for the City of Ithaca, NY (dated September 30, 1981) and the Town of Ithaca, NY (dated June 19, 1985), the ISRC property is located in flood zone “C”. The FEMA definition of flood zone “C” is areas that are of minimal flood hazard, and higher than the elevation of the 0.2-percent-annual-chance flood. (See Volume II) SEQUENCE OF MAJOR ACTIVITIES Major activities for each phase of this site include but are not limited to: CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.3.September 9, 2024 •Installing temporary control measures as shown on plans. •Completing site demolition and clearing. •Performing building, pavement and site grading earthwork operations. •Installing utilities and stormwater collection/detention system. •Installing inlet protection on new inlets. •Installing asphalt pavements and artificial turf field. •Restoring existing soils in proposed lawn area, seed and mulch. •Installing bioretention filter and additional silt fence or silt log. o Install filter forebay and establish permanent vegetation. o Rough grade bioretention filter basin. o Install stone, underdrain, outlet control structure, drainage fabric, bioretention soil mixture, and mulch. o Protect filter surface with a layer of nonwoven drainage fabric and install silt log around the perimeter. o Stabilize all adjacent lawn areas with seed and mulch. o Once adjacent lawn areas have a minimum of 80% dense growth, remove the drainage fabric and establish permanent plantings in the filter footprint. •Removing temporary practices. The Contractor is required to schedule a preconstruction meeting with the City of Ithaca and Town of Ithaca prior to commencement of any earth disturbing activities. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to make any changes to the SWPPP necessary when the Contractor or any of the subcontractors elect to use borrow or fill or material storage sites, either contiguous to or remote from the construction site, when such sites are used solely for this construction site. Such sites are considered to be part of the construction site covered by the permit and this SWPPP. Off-site borrow, fill, or material storage sites which are used for multiple construction projects are not subject to this requirement, unless specifically required by state or local jurisdictional entity regulations. The Contractor should consider this requirement in negotiating with earthwork subcontractors, since the choice of an off-site borrow, fill, or material storage site may impact their duty to implement, make changes to, and perform inspections required by the SWPPP for the site. POST-CONSTRUCTION STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Existing Conditions The project site is best characterized as a combination of grass and artificial turf athletic fields and will disturb approximately 7.11 acres. The existing site cover is predominantly impervious with 4.07 acres (55%) of the site being artificial turf, asphalt, and concrete. The remainder of the site consists of pervious surfaces such as lawns and planting beds. There are three watersheds in the vicinity of the ISRC site that will be impacted by the proposed project. Watershed #1A drains in a southeasterly direction and is collected by a storm sewer system that runs underneath Bartels Hall. This storm sewer is used as the point of analysis for Watershed #1A. Watershed #1B is primarily comprised of an artificial turf athletic field and drains to a storm sewer system on the south side of the ISRC site. The storm system was used as the point of analysis for Watershed #1B. The field is drained by a system of gravel and underdrains. As part of the field’s original construction in 2008, a SWPPP was prepared by T.G. Miller, P.C. According to the SWPPP, the inherit volume in the field’s drainage system provides water quantity by means of an outlet control structure. Runoff rates for Watershed #1B are based on the “post-development” rates published in the CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.4.September 9, 2024 2008 SWPPP. Watershed #1C drains south into the Friedman Wrestling Center’s parking lot where it is collected by a storm sewer system. (See Sheet 1 of 2 – Existing Watershed Boundaries). TABLE 1. HYDROLOGIC DATA FOR EXISTING CONDITIONS Watershed Drainage Area (Acres) Curve Number Time of Concentration (min) 1A 4.74 88 25 1B 2.55 93 6 1C 0.09 92 6 Future Conditions Development of the site will include the construction of a 90,000 square foot field house, a new artificial turf sports field, as well as other amenities such as fire access roads, walkways, and landscape areas. The project will disturb approximately 7.11 acres and the footprint of new impervious surfaces will increase by approximately 1.68 acres. The project will largely maintain existing drainage patterns. Table 2 lists the hydrologic characteristics of the proposed watershed. TABLE 2. HYDROLOGIC DATA FOR FUTURE CONDITIONS Watershed Drainage Area (Acres) Curve Number Time of Concentration (min) 1A 5.98 95 14.3 1B 0.82 93 6 1C 0.51 89 6 1D 0.07 97 6 The stormwater mitigations will utilize an underground chamber detention system with sand filter, one vegetated bioretention filter, and one hydrodynamic separator to treat the water quality volume. Tree plantings will also be counted for area reduction credit. Water Quality Controls The water quality strategy is designed to improve water quality by capturing and treating 90% of the average annual stormwater runoff volume. The required water quality volume is calculated from the following equation: WQv = P*(0.05+0.009*I)*A / 12 Where: P = 90% rainfall event (inches) = 1.00 inches (Ithaca, NY) Rv = (0.05+0.009*I) (minimum allowed value = 0.20) I = Imperviousness (%) A = Drainage Area (s.f.) However, in the case of redevelopment activities that show an increase in impervious cover, water quality treatment is required for a minimum of 25% of the disturbed existing impervious area and 100% of the additional impervious cover. CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.5.September 9, 2024 Tree Planting: Only trees adjacent to impervious cover and which meet the conditions of the stormwater design manual were counted for this credit. If the tree canopies did not cover adequate impervious cover, they were not counted. In total, 26 trees were counted, with 100 square feet of impervious cover being credited per tree (for a total of 0.06 acres). Therefore: 25% Existing Impervious I = (4.07 acres*0.25) / 7.38 acres = 13.8% Rv = (0.05+0.009*13.8%) = 0.174 Required WQv = 1.00”* 0.174 * 7.38 / 12 = 0.107 acre feet = 4,665 cubic feet Additional Impervious I = 1.62 acres / 7.38 acres (1.68 acres – 0.06 acres from tree plantings) = 22.8% Rv = (0.05+0.009*22.8%) = 0.255 Required WQv = 1.00”* 0.255 * 7.38 / 12 = 0.157 acre feet = 6,625 cubic feet Total Required WQv = 4,665 cubic feet + 6,625 cubic feet = 11,290 cubic feet Provided WQV: = 0.461 acre feet = 19,879 cubic feet > Required WQv, OK Runoff Reduction Volume Runoff reduction can be achieved by infiltration, groundwater recharge, recycling, or evaporation/evapotranspiration of 100 percent of the post-development water quality volumes to replicate pre-development hydrology. This can be achieved by maintaining pre-construction infiltration, peak runoff flows, discharge volumes, and minimizing concentrated flows through the use of runoff control techniques that will provide treatment in a distributed manner before runoff reaches the collection system. This requirement can be accomplished by application of on-site green infrastructure techniques, standard stormwater management practices with runoff reduction capacity, and good operation and maintenance. Although encouraged, meeting the Runoff Reduction Volume (RRv) sizing criteria is not required for the redevelopment activity portion of a project. In the case of this project high ground water, low hydrologic soil ratings and flat topography preclude the installation of most green infrastructure practices. As a result of these physical limitations, 100% runoff reduction of the water quality volume cannot be achieved. Projects that cannot achieve runoff reductions to pre-construction conditions must, at a minimum, reduce a percentage of the runoff from impervious areas to be constructed on the site. The percent reduction is based on the Hydrologic Soil CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.6.September 9, 2024 Groups (HSG) of the site. The minimum runoff reduction volume required is calculated using the following equation: Min RRv = [(P) (Rv*) (Ai)] / 12 Where: P = 90% rainfall event (inches) = 1.00 inches (Ithaca, NY) Rv* = 0.05+0.009(I) Where I is 100% impervious Ai = (S)(Aic) (Aic) = Total area of impervious cover (acres) S = HSG Specific Reduction Factor = 0.55 for HSG “A” Soils = 0.30 for HSG “C” Soils = 0.20 for HSG “D” Soils Min RRv = (1.00” * [0.05+0.009(100)] * (0.20 * 1.62) / 12 = 0.026 ac-ft (1,120 cubic feet) Provided RRv = 1,478 cubic feet > Required Min RRv, OK Channel Protection Per section 9.2.1 of the New York State Stormwater Management, channel protection is only required if changes in site hydrology increase the discharge rate from the project site. While typically not a pre versus post-development comparison, Chapter 9 of the Design Manual states that this requirement is relaxed for redevelopment projects. If the hydrology and hydraulic analysis for the project site show that the post-construction 1-year, 24 hour discharge rate and velocity are less than or equal to the pre- construction discharge rate, providing 24 hour detention of the 1-year storm to meet the channel protection criteria is not required. As can be seen in the following section, Table 3 shows a reduction in the 1-year discharge rate from 4.23 cfs to 2.56 cfs. To calculate the velocity of the site discharge through the pipe immediately downstream at the Point of Analysis, the following formula is used: V = Q / A Where: V = Velocity (ft/s) Q = Site Discharge (cfs) A = Area of pipe =π * d2 / 4 =π * (1.5 ft) 2 / 4 = 1.77 sq. ft. Existing Velocity = 4.23 cfs / 1.77 sq. ft. = 2.39 ft/s Proposed Velocity = 2.56 cfs / 1.77 sq. ft. = 1.45 ft/s < Existing Velocity, OK CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.7.September 9, 2024 Water Quantity Controls The water quantity practice is designed to reduce peak discharges for the 1-, 2-, 10-, 25- and 100-year storms to below pre-developed rates at the point of analysis. In Watershed #1B, storage will be provided in a bioretention practice to attenuate post-developed peak flows. Watershed #1A will be mitigated by means of a below-grade chamber detention system. Table 3 summarizes resulting peak discharge rates from within each of these watersheds. Practice Sizing Bioretention Filter The filter will capture and treat runoff from Watershed #1B. The filter is sized using Darcy’s Law as presented in the New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual, using the following equation: Af = WQv (df)/[(k)(T)(df+hf)] Where: Af = Filter Area (sf) df = Filter Depth (feet) = 2.5 feet hf = Average Head Above Filter (feet) = 0.25 feet Tf = Filtering Time (days) = 2 days k = Soil Permeability (ft/day) = 1ft/day WQv = Water Quality Volume (cf) = P*(0.05+0.009*I)*A / 12 Where: P = 90% rainfall event (inches) = 1.0 inches (Ithaca, NY) Rv = (0.05+0.009*I) (minimum allowed value = 0.20) = 0.69 I = Imperviousness (%) = 71.3% A = Drainage Area (acres) = 0.82 acres Therefore: WQv = (1.0”*(0.05+(0.009*71.3))*0.82 / 12) * 43,560 = 2066 cubic feet required 1-y r 2-yr 10-y r 25-y r 100-yr 1-yr 2-y r 10-y r 25-y r 100-y r W S #1 0.67 0.91 1.68 2.18 2.96 4.23 5.85 11.11 14.40 14.99 0.88 1.14 2.00 2.47 3.27 2.55 3.06 5.56 7.19 8.94 (+0.210)(+0.230)(+0.320)(+0.290)(+0.310)(-1.68)(-2.79)(-5.55)(-7.21)(-6.05) Pre-Dev elop ed Pos t-Develo ped: Co ntro lled (in creas e ov er pre-d ev elop ed ) W S #1 TABLE 4 . HYDROLOGIC M ODELING RES ULTS Ru no ff Volu me (acre-feet )Peak Rate o f Ru no ff (cfs ) CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.8.September 9, 2024 Af = 2066*2.5 / [(1)(2)(2.5+0.25)] Af = 939 square feet required 1680 square feet provided WQv =2066 cubic feet provided Below Grade Detention System In order to attenuate post-development site discharges from the 1-, 10-, and 100-year storm events, Storm-Tech Chambers with a surrounding stone gallery will provide detention volume. Volume 2 of this SWPPP includes HydroCAD calculations which illustrate the volume of this system. Based on these calculations, the following conclusions were reached: •A total of 189 chambers are provided; these will be provided as 7 parallel lengths of 27 chambers. Since the chambers are 4.03’ long, with 1’ of stone on each end the total system length is 115’. •Pretreatment Volume equaling or greater than 25% of the required WQv (4,227 c.f.) is provided in the system’s twin isolator rows (5,750 c.f.). Underground Sand Filter The underground sand filter will be located directly underneath the below grade detention system and will be sized to treat runoff from the new sports field, a portion of the new field house, as well as other hardscape with Watershed 1A. The required water quality volume to be treated is calculated as follows: WQv = P*(0.05+0.009*I)*A / 12 Where: P = 1.0 inches I = 81% A = 260,488 s.f. (5.98 acres) Therefore: WQv = 1.0*(0.05+0.009*81)* 260,488 / 12 = 16,907 c.f. (required) Total Storage above the Filter: The entire treatment system (including pretreatment) shall be sized to temporarily hold at least 75% of the Water Quality Volume, or 12,680 c.f., prior to filtration. This volume is provided in Storm- Tech Chambers and a surrounding stone gallery (see Sheet C201). Volume 2 of this SWPPP includes supporting calculations for the volume of this system. Pretreatment Volume: The design must ensure that at least 25% of the total design volume, or 4,227 c.f., is pretreated prior to entering the filter media. This volume is provided in a set of “isolator rows” each consisting of a series of Storm-Tech Chambers wrapped in geotextile fabric (see Sheet C201). Each row, excluding the surrounding stone gallery, provides a storage volume of 2,875 c.f. and a combined total of 5,750 c.f. Filter Area: The filter is sized using two measures. First, the filter area is determined based on Darcy’s Law, utilizing the following design values: CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.9.September 9, 2024 Af = (WQv)*(df) / [(k)*(hf + df)*(tf)] Where: Af = Surface area of the filter bed (s.f.) WQv = 16,907 c.f. df = Filter bed depth (ft) = 1.5 feet k = Coefficient of permeability of filter media = 3.5 ft/day (sand) *hf = Average height of water above filter bed (ft) = 0.25 ft (see calculations below) tf = Design filter bed drain time (days) = 1.67 days (per NYSDEC Design Manual) Therefore: Af = (16,907)*(1.5) / [(3.5)*(0.25+1.5)*(1.67) = 2,479 s.f. (required minimum) =2,500 s.f. provided Hydrodynamic Separator Unit The use of an alternative stormwater practice (i.e. proprietary practice) was used due to site constraints. Alternative practices do not provide the same level of treatment as a standard practice and are thus required to treat three times more impervious area than standard practices. Hydrodynamic separator units (HDS) effectively remove finer sediment, oil, and floating and sinking debris. The swirl concentration operation and flow controls work together to minimize turbulence and provide stable storage of captured pollutants. One HDS unit was incorporated into the site design to capture and treat the runoff from Watershed #1C. The HDS unit was sized to treat WQv on a flow-rate based sizing approach. The small storm hydrology calculations for this watershed show a WQv flowrate of 0.39 cfs. Based on this information and the 100-year flow rates, Contech has specified the CDS-3. The total water quality volume provided by the HDS unit is equivalent to approximately 906 cubic feet (Refer to Calculations, Volume II). Practice Summary The total water quality volume provided by the practices needs to meet or exceed the required volume of 11,485 cubic feet. TABLE 4. PRACTICE SUMMARY Practice WQv Provided Impervious Area Treated Bioretention Filter 2,066 c.f.0.59 acres Below Grade Detention System 16,907 c.f.4.84 acres Hydrodynamic Separator Unit 906 c.f.0.25 acres Total Provided 19,879 c.f.5.68 acres CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.10.September 9, 2024 Stormwater Signage The owner of post-construction stormwater management practices shall erect or post, in the immediate vicinity of the bioretention filter, hydrodynamic separator, and below grade detention system, a conspicuous and legible sign of not less than 18 inches by 24 inches bearing the following information: Stormwater Management Practice – (name of the practice) Project Identification – (SPDES Construction Permit #) Must be maintained in accordance with O&M Plan DO NOT REMOVE OR ALTER Better Site Design In accordance with the stormwater regulations set forth by the City of Ithaca, projects disturbing more than one acre must apply at least four better site design techniques. These practices incorporate non- structural and natural approaches to new and redevelopment projects to reduce effects on watersheds by conserving natural areas, reducing impervious cover and better integrating stormwater treatment. The two techniques described below have been incorporated into the project in order to satisfy runoff reduction requirements and are concurrent with the City of Ithaca requirements: Bioretention/Rain Gardens A bioretention filter is proposed and will provide stormwater treatment for runoff from a portion of the roof. Rooftop Runoff Reduction Mitigation Runoff from portions of the rooftop will be directed to a below grade detention system and bioretention filter. Tree Planting The planting of many new trees are being incorporated into the landscaping. Open Vegetated Swale Stormwater will be conveyed by an open vegetated channels in lieu of underground storm sewers. Soil Restoration Soil restoration is a required practice applied across areas of a development site where soils have been disturbed and will be vegetated in order to recover the original properties and porosity of the soil. Soil restoration is applied in the cleanup, restoration, and landscaping phase of construction followed by the permanent establishment of an appropriate, deep-rooted groundcover to help maintain the restored soil structure. The required measures of soil restoration are outlined in Table 5. TABLE 5. SOIL RESTORATION REQUIREMENTS Type of Soil Disturbance Soil Restoration Requirement Comments/Examples No soil disturbance Restoration not required Preservation of Natural Features Minimal soil disturbance Restoration not required Clearing and grubbing HSG C & DAreas where topsoil is stripped only – no change in grade Aerate1 and apply 6 inches of topsoil Protect area from any ongoing construction activities CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.11.September 9, 2024 HSG C & DAreas of cut or fill Apply full Soil Restoration2 Heavy traffic areas on site (especially in a zone 5-25 feet around buildings but not within a 5 foot perimeter around foundations walls) Apply full Soil Restoration2 (de- compaction and compost enhancement) Areas where Runoff Reduction and/or infiltration practices are applied Restoration not required, but may be applied to enhance the reduction specified for appropriate practices. Upon final installation of the runoff reduction practice, keep construction equipment from crossing the footprint of the practice and the stabilized contributing drainage area. Redevelopment Projects Full Soil Restoration is required on redevelopment projects in areas where existing impervious area will be converted to pervious area 1: Aeration includes the use of machines such as tractor-drawn implements with coulters making a narrow slit in the soil, a roller with many spikes making indentations in the soil, or prongs which function like a mini-subsoiler. 2: Per “Deep Ripping and De-Compaction, DEC 2008.” The underlying soils on the project site classify as Hydrologic Soil Group “D,” requiring full soil restoration. The required measures of full soil restoration, per the NYSDEC’s 2008 publication of “Deep Ripping and De-Compaction” are as follows: During periods of relatively low to moderate subsoil moisture, the disturbed subsoils are returned to rough grade and the following Soil Restoration steps applied: 1. Apply 3 inches of compost over subsoil. 2. Till compost into subsoil to a depth of at least 12 inches using a cat-mounted ripper, tractor- mounted disc, or tiller, mixing, and circulating air and compost into subsoils. 3. Rock-pick until uplifted stone/rock materials of four inches and larger size are cleaned off the site. 4. Apply topsoil to the depth specified on the landscaping plan. 5. Vegetate per the approved landscaping plan. CONTROLS Erosion and Sediment Controls A layout of applicable erosion and sediment controls measures, together with typical installation details, are depicted on sheets C102A-C102B – Erosion and Sediment Control Plan Construction/Stabilizing Phase. Stabilization Practices The applicable erosion and sediment control measures shall be constructed prior to clearing or grading of any portion of the project, where applicable. Where land disturbance is necessary, temporary vegetative controls must be used on areas within 7 days of the last construction activity in that area, unless construction activities will be resumed within 14 days. In frozen ground conditions, temporary CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.12.September 9, 2024 vegetative measures should be implemented as soon as practical in order to control runoff during snowmelt. Permanent vegetation should be installed within 7 days of the completion of grading activities. If the Qualified Professional determines that permanent seed cannot be applied due to climate conditions, topsoil shall not be spread and temporary mulching shall be applied to the exposed surface to stabilize soils until the next recommended seeding period. Winter Stabilization If ongoing land disturbance is performed between November 15th and the following April 1st, the project will require temporary site specific, enhanced erosion and sediment controls to manage runoff and sediment at the site to protect off-site water resources. The enhanced erosion and sediment controls are as follows: 1. Prepare a snow management plan with adequate storage for snow and control of melt water, requiring cleared snow to be stored in a manner not affecting ongoing construction activities. 2. Enlarge and stabilize access points to provide for snow management and stockpiling. Snow management activities must not destroy or degrade installed erosion and sediment control practices. 3. A minimum 25-foot buffer shall be maintained from all perimeter controls such as silt fence. Mark silt fence with tall stakes that are visible above the snow pack. 4. Edges of disturbed areas that drain to a waterbody within 100 feet will have 2 rows of silt fence, 5 feet apart, installed on the contour. 5. Drainage structures must be kept open and free of snow and ice dams. All debris, ice dams, or debris from plowing operations, that restrict the flow of runoff and meltwater, shall be removed. 6. Sediment barriers must be installed at all appropriate perimeter and sensitive locations. Silt fence and other practices requiring earth disturbance must be installed before the ground freezes. 7. Soil stockpiles must be protected by the use of established vegetation, anchored straw mulch, rolled stabilization matting, or other durable covering. a barrier must be installed at least 15 feet from the toe of the stockpile to prevent soil migration and to capture loose soil. 8. In areas where soil disturbance activity has temporarily or permanently ceased, the application of soil stabilization measures should be initiated by the end of the next business day and completed within three (3) days. Rolled erosion control blankets must be used on all slopes 3 horizontal to 1 vertical or steeper. 9. If straw mulch alone is used for temporary stabilization, it shall be applied at double the standard rate of 2 tons per acre, making the application rate 4 tons per acre. Other manufactured mulches should be applied at double the manufacturer's recommended rate. 10. To ensure adequate stabilization of disturbed soil in advance of a melt event, areas of disturbed soil should be stabilized at the end of each work day unless: a. Work will resume within 24 hours in the same area and no precipitation is forecast or; b. The work is in disturbed areas that collect and retain runoff, such as open utility trenches, foundation excavations, or water management areas. 11. Use stone paths to stabilize access perimeters of buildings under construction and areas where construction vehicle traffic is anticipated. Stone paths should be a minimum 10 feet in width but wider as necessary to accommodate equipment. 12. The site shall be inspected frequently to ensure that the erosion and sediment control plan is performing its winter stabilization function. If the site will not have earth disturbing activities ongoing during the “winter season”, all bare exposed soil must be stabilized by established vegetation, straw or other acceptable mulch, matting, rock, or other approved material such as rolled erosion control products. Seeding of areas with mulch cover is preferred but seeding CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.13.September 9, 2024 alone is not acceptable for proper stabilization. 13. Compliance inspections must be performed and reports filed properly in accordance with the SWPPP for all sites under a winter shutdown. 14. Prior to the ground freezing, silt fences must be installed to control sediment transport. These fences play a crucial role in preventing soil erosion and must be diligently maintained throughout the winter. In the event of snow or wind knocking down the silt fences, immediate repairs or replacements should be made to ensure continuous sediment control.15. For a site to be considered “winter shutdown” it must have achieved 80% vegetative establishment and/or exposed disturbed soils temporarily mulched with straw. Winter shutdown allows contractor daily inspections to be reduced from daily to monthly and EHS inspections to be reduced from weekly to monthly. Notify EHS as soon as possible if a site is considered a winter shutdown. Structural Practices Structural erosion and sediment control practices have been classified as either temporary or permanent, according to how they are used. Temporary structural practices are used during construction to prevent offsite erosion and sedimentation. Permanent structural practices are used to convey surface water runoff to a safe outlet. Permanent structural practices will remain in place and continue to function after the completion of construction. Regardless of whether the practices are temporary or permanent, runoff control measures should be the first items constructed when grading begins, and be completely functional before land disturbance takes place. Temporary structural practices used in this project include the following: •Silt Fence/Silt Log •Stabilized Construction Entrance •Inlet Protection •Concrete Washout •Sediment Traps Other Controls Waste Disposal All waste materials will be collected and stored in securely lidded metal dumpsters rented from a local waste management company which must be a solid waste management company licensed to do business in Tompkins County. The dumpsters will comply with all local and state solid waste management regulations. All trash and construction debris from the site will be deposited in the dumpsters. The dumpsters will be emptied a minimum of twice per week or more often if necessary, and the trash will be hauled to a landfill approved by New York State. No construction waste materials will be buried on site. All personnel will be instructed regarding the correct procedures for waste disposal. Notices stating these practices will be posted in the job site construction office trailer, and the job site superintendent will be responsible for seeing that these procedures are followed. Sanitary Waste All sanitary waste will be collected from portable units a minimum of two times per week by a licensed portable facility provider in complete compliance with local and state regulations. Off-Site Vehicle Tracking Stabilized construction entrances will be provided to help reduce vehicle tracking of sediments. The paved streets adjacent to the site entrances will be inspected daily and cleaned with vacuum equipment CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.14.September 9, 2024 or swept as necessary to remove any excess mud, dirt, or rock tracked from the sites. Dump trucks hauling material from the construction sites will be covered with a tarpaulin. The job site superintendent will be responsible for seeing that these procedures are followed. Hazardous Substances and Hazardous Waste All hazardous waste materials will be disposed of by the Contractor in the manner specified by local, state, and/or federal regulations and by the manufacturer of such products. Site personnel will be instructed in these practices by the job site superintendent, who will also be responsible for seeing that these practices are followed. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS's) for each substance with hazardous properties that is used on the job site will be obtained and used for the proper management of potential wastes that may result from these products. An MSDS will be posted in the immediate area where such product is stored and/or used and another copy of each MSDS will be maintained in the SWPPP file at the job site construction trailer office. Each employee who must handle a substance with hazardous properties will be instructed on the use of MSDS sheets and the specific information in the applicable MSDS for the product he/she is using, particularly regarding spill control techniques. Any spills of hazardous materials which are in quantities in excess of Reportable Quantities as defined by EPA regulations shall be immediately reported to the EPA National Response Center 1-800-424- 8802. In order to minimize the potential for a spill of hazardous materials to come into contact with stormwater, the following steps will be implemented: •All materials with hazardous properties (such as pesticides, petroleum products, fertilizers, detergents, construction chemicals, acids, paints, paint solvents, cleaning solvents, additives for soil stabilization, concrete curing compounds and additives, etc.) will be stored in a secure location, under cover, when not in use. •The minimum practical quantity of all such materials will be kept on the job site. •A spill control and containment kit (containing, for example, absorbent such as kitty litter or sawdust, acid neutralizing powder, brooms, dust pans, mops, rags, gloves, goggles, plastic and metal trash containers, etc.) will be provided at the storage site. •All of the products in a container will be used before the container is disposed of. All such containers will be triple-rinsed with water prior to disposal. The rinse water used in these containers will be disposed of in a manner in compliance with state and federal regulations and will not be allowed to mix with stormwater discharges. •All products will be stored in and used from the original container with the original product label. •All products will be used in strict compliance with instructions on the product label. •The disposal of excess or used products will be in strict compliance with instructions on the product label. Contaminated Soils Any contaminated soils (resulting from spills of materials with hazardous properties) which may result from construction activities will be contained and cleaned up immediately in accordance with the procedures given in the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan and in accordance with applicable state and federal regulations. The job site superintendent will be responsible for seeing that these procedures are followed. MAINTENANCE/INSPECTION PROCEDURES Erosion and Sediment Control Inspection and Maintenance Practices CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.15.September 9, 2024 The following inspection and maintenance practices will be used to maintain erosion and sediment controls and stabilization measures. •For construction sites where soil disturbance activities are on-going, the Operator’s trained contractor shall inspect the erosion and sediment control practices and pollution prevention measures daily to ensure they are being maintained in effective operating condition at all times. The trained contractor shall begin implementing corrective actions within one business day. •For construction sites where soil disturbance activities are on-going, the Operator’s Qualified Professional shall conduct a site inspection at least once every 7 calendar days. •For projects authorized to disturb greater than 5 acres of soil at any one time, The owner or operator shall have a qualified inspector conduct at least two (2) site inspections every seven (7) calendar days, for as long as greater than five (5) acres of soil remain disturbed. The two (2) inspections shall be separated by a minimum of two (2) full calendar days. Further, the owner or operator shall prepare a phasing plan that defines maximum disturbed area per phase and shows required cuts and fills, and shall install any additional site-specific practices needed to protect water quality. •All measures will be maintained in good working order; if repairs are found to be necessary, they will be initiated within 24 hours of report. •Silt fence will be inspected for proper toe-in depth, depth of sediment, tears, etc., to see if the fabric is securely attached to the fence posts, and to see that the fence posts are securely in the ground. Built up sediment will be removed from silt fence when it has reached one-third the height of the fence. •Inlet protection measures will be inspected for accumulation of sediments and debris. Sediment and debris shall be removed without damaging the inlet protection fabric. •Stabilized construction entrances shall be maintained in a condition that will prevent tracking of sediment onto public rights-of-way or streets. This will require periodic top dressing with additional aggregate in most cases, and complete replacement of aggregate in extreme cases. •Temporary sediment traps will be inspected for depth of sediment, and built-up sediment will be removed before it reaches 50 percent of the height of the riser. A measuring stick with markings to indicate depth will be placed in the trap to accurately gauge the sediment depth in relation to the riser. •Temporary and permanent seeding and all other stabilization measures will be inspected for bare spots, washouts, and healthy growth. •The job site superintendent will be responsible for selecting and training the individuals who will be responsible for these maintenance and repair activities. •Personnel selected for the maintenance responsibilities will receive training from the job site superintendent. They will be trained in all the maintenance practices necessary for keeping the erosion and sediment controls that are used onsite in good working order. They will also be trained in the completion of, initiation of actions required by, and the filing of the inspection forms. Documentation of this personnel training will be kept on site with the SWPPP. •Disturbed areas and materials storage areas will be inspected for evidence of or potential for pollutants entering stormwater systems. •Report to NYSDEC within 24 hours any noncompliance with the SWPPP that will endanger public health or the environment. Follow up with a written report within 5 days of the noncompliance event Inspection and Maintenance Report Forms Once installation of any required or optional erosion control device or measure has been implemented, weekly, inspections of each measure shall be performed by the Operator’s Qualified Professional. The Inspection and Maintenance Reports found in this SWPPP shall be used by the inspector to inventory and report the condition of each measure to assist in maintaining the erosion and sediment control measures in good working order. CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.16.September 9, 2024 These report forms shall become an integral part of the SWPPP and shall be made readily accessible to governmental inspection officials, the Operator’s Engineer, and the Operator for review upon request during visits to the project site. In addition, copies of the reports shall be provided to any of these persons, upon request, via mail or facsimile transmission. Inspection and maintenance report forms are to be maintained by the Operator for five years following the final stabilization of the site. Other Record-Keeping Requirements The Contractor shall keep the following records related to construction activities at the site: •Dates when major grading activities occur and the areas which were graded •Dates and details concerning the installation of structural controls •Dates when construction activities cease in an area •Dates when an area is stabilized, either temporarily or permanently •Dates of rainfall and the amount of rainfall •Dates and descriptions of the character and amount of any spills of hazardous materials •Records of reports filed with regulatory agencies if reportable quantities of hazardous materials spilled Post-Construction Maintenance Permanent stormwater management practices will be located in the City of Ithaca while owned and maintained by Cornell University. Maintenance requirements are indicated in Table 6. Additionally, corresponding inspections and maintenance will be incorporated into the City of Ithaca's Stormwater Operation, Maintenance, and Reporting Agreement (SOMRA). TABLE 6. ONGOING MAINTENANCE Maintenance Item Schedule Inspections Inspection Annually Bioretention Filter Remove sediment from forebay Forebay ½ full of sediment Unclog outlet Filter does not drain/outlet is clogged Replace mulch/ add mulch Mulch layer is degraded Remove accumulated sediment Sediment visible on surface or filter clogging Remove sediment from inlet channel Sediment depth >3 inches Till filter surface to restore permeability Filter drains slowly and surface is compacted Replace entire filter Filter does not drain, and other measures to restore are unsuccessful Replace vegetation Dead or decaying vegetation in filter Repairs to embankment Based on inspection Below Grade Detention System (Underground Chambers) Check observation wells following 3 days of dry weather. Failure to percolate within this time period indicates clogging Semi-annually CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.17.September 9, 2024 TABLE 6. ONGOING MAINTENANCE Maintenance Item Schedule Jet underdrains Filter does not drain based on observation well inspection Inspect pretreatment devices and diversion structures for sediment build-up.Semi-annually Remove sediment and oil/grease from pretreatment devices and overflow structures.As needed Remove sediment from isolator row Sediment build-up greater than 2” Dig up filters and replace.Filter does not drain. Jetting does not improve performance. Hydrodynamic Separator Unit Debris/Trash Removal Monthly Sediment Removal (Vacuum Truck)Twice a year, or if sediment accumulates to within 12-18” of dry-weather water surface Tree Plantings Water Trees As needed Remove mulch/ add mulch Mulch layer is degraded Fertilization As needed Pest and disease management Based on inspection Replace Tree As needed 1: Maintenance Frequencies derived from the “New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual created by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 2: Frequency may vary, and the need for maintenance will be determined by annual inspections. SPILL PREVENTION CONTROL AND COUNTERMEASURES (SPCC) PLAN Materials Covered The following materials or substances with known hazardous properties are expected to be present onsite during construction: Concrete Cleaning solvents Detergents Petroleum based products Paints Pesticides Paint solvents Acids Fertilizers Concrete additives Soil stabilization additives The following are the material management practices that will be used to reduce the risk of spills or other accidental exposure of materials and substances to stormwater runoff. Good Housekeeping The following good housekeeping practices will be followed onsite during the construction project: •An effort will be made to store only enough product required to do the job. CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.18.September 9, 2024 •All materials stored onsite will be stored in a neat, orderly manner and, if possible, under a roof or other enclosure. •Products will be kept in their original containers with the original manufacturer's label in legible condition. •Substances will not be mixed with one another unless recommended by the manufacturer. •Whenever possible, all of a product will be used up before disposing of the container. •Manufacturer's recommendations for proper use and disposal will be followed. •The job site superintendent will be responsible for daily inspections to ensure proper use and disposal of materials. Hazardous Products These practices will be used to reduce the risks associated with hazardous materials. •Products will be kept in original containers with the original labels in legible condition. •Original labels and material safety data sheets (MSDS's) will be procured and used for each material. •If surplus product must be disposed of, manufacturers or local/state/federal recommended methods for proper disposal will be followed. •A spill control and containment kit (containing, for example, absorbent such as kitty litter or sawdust, acid neutralizing powder, brooms, dust pans, mops, rags, gloves, goggles, plastic and metal trash containers, etc.) will be provided at the storage site. •All of the product in a container will be used before the container is disposed of. All such containers will be triple-rinsed with water prior to disposal. The rinse water used in these containers will be disposed of in a manner in compliance with state and federal regulations and will not be allowed to mix with stormwater discharges. Product Specific Practices The following product specific practices will be followed on the job site: Petroleum Products All onsite vehicles will be monitored for leaks and receive regular preventative maintenance to reduce the chance of leakage. Petroleum products will be stored in tightly sealed containers which are clearly labeled. Any petroleum storage tanks used onsite will have a dike or berm containment structure constructed around it to contain any spills which may occur. Any asphalt substances used onsite will be applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Fertilizers Fertilizers will be applied only in the minimum amounts recommended by the manufacturer. Once applied, fertilizer will be worked in the soil to limit exposure to stormwater. Storage will be in a covered shed. The contents of any partially used bags of fertilizer will be transferred to a sealable plastic bin to avoid spills. Paints, Paint Solvents, and Cleaning Solvents All containers will be tightly sealed and stored when not in use. Excess paint and solvents will not be discharged to the storm sewer system but will be properly disposed of according to manufacturer's instructions or state and federal regulations. CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.19.September 9, 2024 Spill Prevention Practices In addition to the good housekeeping and material management practices discussed in the previous sections of this plan, the following practices will be followed for spill prevention and cleanup. •Manufacturer's recommended methods for spill cleanup will be clearly posted and site personnel will be trained regarding these procedures and the location of the information and cleanup supplies. •Materials and equipment necessary for spill cleanup will be kept in the material storage area onsite in spill control and containment kit (containing, for example, absorbent such as kitty litter or sawdust, acid neutralizing powder, brooms, dust pans, mops, rags, gloves, goggles, plastic and metal trash containers, etc.). •All spills will be cleaned up immediately after discovery. •The spill area will be kept well ventilated and personnel will wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent injury from contact with the hazardous substances. •Spills of toxic or hazardous materials will be reported to the appropriate federal, state, and/or local government agency, regardless of the size of the spill. Spills of amounts that exceed Reportable Quantities of certain substances specifically mentioned in federal regulations (40 CFR 302 list and oil) will be immediately reported to the EPA National Response Center, telephone 1-800-424-8802. Reportable Quantities of some substances which may be used at the job site are as follows: Oil - appearance of a film or sheen on water Pesticides - usually 1 lb. Acids - 5000 lb. Solvents, flammable - 100 lb. •The SPCC plan will be adjusted to include measures to prevent this type of spill from recurring and how to clean up the spill if there is another one. A description of the spill, what caused it, and the cleanup measures will also be included. If the spill exceeds a Reportable Quantity, all federal regulations regarding reports of the incident will be complied with. •The job site superintendent will be the spill prevention and cleanup coordinator. He will designate the individuals who will receive spill prevention and cleanup training. These individuals will each become responsible for a particular phase of prevention and cleanup. The names of these personnel will be posted in the material storage area and in the office trailer onsite. CONTROL OF ALLOWABLE NON-STORMWATER DISCHARGES Certain types of discharges are allowable under the NYSDEC General Permit for Construction Activity, and it is the intent of this SWPPP to allow such discharges. These types of discharges will be allowed under the conditions that no pollutants will be allowed to come in contact with the water prior to or after its discharge. The control measures which have been outlined previously in this SWPPP will be strictly followed to ensure that no contamination of these non-stormwater discharges takes place. The following allowable non-stormwater discharges which may occur from the job site include: •Discharges from firefighting activities. •Fire hydrant flushing. •Waters used to wash vehicles or control dust in order to minimize offsite sediment tracking. •Routine external building wash down which does not use detergents. •Pavement wash waters where spills or leaks of hazardous materials have not occurred or detergents have not been used. •Air conditioning condensate. CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.20.September 9, 2024 •Springs and other uncontaminated groundwater, including dewatering ground water infiltration. •Foundation or footing drains where no contamination with process materials such as solvents is present. COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL REGULATIONS The Contractor will obtain copies of any and all local and state regulations which are applicable to stormwater management, erosion control, and pollution minimization at this job site and will comply fully with such regulations. The Contractor will submit written evidence of such compliance if requested by the Operator or any agent of a regulatory body. The Contractor will comply with all conditions of the NYSDEC General Permit for Construction Activities, including the conditions related to maintaining the SWPPP and evidence of compliance with the SWPPP at the job site and allowing regulatory personnel access to the job site and to records in order to determine compliance. CU Indoor Sports & Recreation Center and Sports Field DRAFT Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan T.G. Miller, P.C.21.September 9, 2024 CERTIFICATION AND NOTIFICATION The NYSDEC requires that certifications of knowledge of the contents of this SWPPP and agreement to follow the SWPPP be made by the Operator, Engineer, and the Contractor. The terms of the General Permit also require that each Contractor sign the SWPPP plan, thereby making them co-permittees and acknowledging their responsibility for certain operational aspects of the plan. These certifications should be signed before the contractor begins activities and should be filed with the site's SWPPP at the job site. The Contractor certification is attached to this document. Operator’s Certification “I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate and complete. I am aware that false statements made herein are punishable as a class A misdemeanor pursuant to Section 210.45 of the Penal Law.” Name: Elisabete Godden, Cornell University Title: Project Manager Signature: _______________________________ Date: ___________________________________ Engineer’s Certification on Compliances with Federal, State and Local Regulations: This Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan reflects the NYSDEC requirements for stormwater management and erosion and sediment control. Name: David A. Herrick, P.E. Title: President Acting as Professional Engineer for: T.G. Miller, P.C. Signature: _______________________________ Date: _________________________________9/9/24 9/9/2024 September 23,2024 Subject:Request for Recall of Negative Declaration for Cornell’s Synthetic Turf Installation Due to Environmental,Health,and Justice Concerns To the Members of the City and Town Planning Board, We are writing to urgently request a recall of the Negative Declaration for the environmental impact assessment issued for Cornell University’s synthetic turf installation plan.We request this recall based on significant new peer-reviewed scientific evidence that directly challenges the arguments Cornell presented during the 9/3/24 City Planning Board meeting regarding the environmental and health impacts of synthetic turf.The current assessment is flawed and incomplete,as it fails to adequately address the serious risks posed by airborne microplastics, VOCs,phthalates,PFAS,and the disproportionate impacts on environmental justice communities.It is crucial that these new findings be thoroughly considered to ensure the protection of public health and the environment. 1.Inadequate Filtration and Waterborne Microplastic Pollution The 212-micron pore size of Cornell’s filtration system,proposed during the 9/3/24 City Planning Board meeting,is simply inadequate for capturing the microplastics and nanoplastics released by synthetic turf.The fibers of synthetic turf degrade over time due to UV exposure and mechanical wear,shedding particles much smaller than 212 microns.These particles,including nanoplastics,can easily bypass such a filtration system and enter local water bodies,leading to long-term contamination.These smaller particles are especially harmful because they can persist in the environment,accumulate in living organisms,and are difficult to remove through conventional filtration systems. The Swedish study (Chand et al.,2024)demonstrates that high-efficiency filtration systems require pore sizes far smaller than 212 microns—rapid sand filters with pore sizes ranging from 15 to 30 microns,used as part of a tertiary treatment process that combines mechanical, biological,and chemical treatments.Cornell’s mechanical filtration system with its 212-micron pore size lacks these essential components. In comparison,the Korean TENG study (Park et al.,2022)highlights the importance of targeting sub-micron plastics,demonstrating that even particles as small as 1 micron must be captured to prevent environmental contamination.Despite the use of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)and advanced materials like the porous-pyramid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)layer,the system achieved only a 21.4%removal rate.While this method represents progress in microplastic remediation,it underscores significant limitations in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness for large-scale applications.These studies further emphasize the irresponsibility of Cornell’s proposed approach,which would allow both microplastics and nanoplastics to pass through unfiltered. Moreover,Silva et al.(2021)found that microplastics and nanoplastics can facilitate the release of water-soluble toxins,including cadmium,mercury,and lead,as they degrade.These heavy metals are highly persistent in the environment and bioaccumulate in aquatic ecosystems,posing a direct threat to wildlife and potentially entering the human food chain. Synthetic turf will accelerate the release of these harmful substances,especially under conditions of wear and weathering. 2.Airborne Microplastics and VOC Emissions The risks posed by airborne microplastics are perhaps even more concerning.Recent research,such as the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL)report (2023), underscores the growing crisis of airborne microplastics,which are generated through the production,use,and degradation of plastic materials like synthetic turf.As these materials break down,they release microplastics and nanoplastics into the air,where they can be inhaled, leading to potential respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to airborne microplastics,synthetic turf emits volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which further compound health risks.Studies,such as Mohammed et al.(2023),show that synthetic turf releases VOCs,especially in warmer seasons,leading to elevated cancer risks, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children.Phthalates,used as plasticizers in synthetic turf backing and infills,are also released into the air and environment.These compounds are known endocrine disruptors and have been linked to reproductive issues and developmental problems in children (Negev et al.,2022). Huang et al.(2023)further raise concerns about the health risks of EPFRs released from crumb rubber infill in synthetic turf.These highly reactive molecules pose serious risks,such as oxidative stress and respiratory issues,which are not mitigated through ventilation. Moreover,ventilation systems are not designed to capture or neutralize these nanoparticles, allowing them to escape and potentially be released outdoors,polluting the surrounding environment. Cornell University’s proposal has no plans to prevent microplastic emissions outdoors. 3.Synthetic Turf and Indoor Air Quality Cornell’s decision to install synthetic turf inside an indoor fieldhouse raises additional concerns about the concentration of airborne microplastics and VOCs in enclosed spaces.Abad López et al.(2023)emphasize that airborne microplastics,due to their low density and small size,can easily accumulate in indoor environments,where they pose significant inhalation risks.In enclosed spaces,where air circulation is often limited,the concentration of these harmful particles will be much higher than in outdoor environments. Athletes using these indoor synthetic turf fields,particularly children,will be exposed to elevated levels of airborne microplastics and VOCs,leading to an increased risk of respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular issues,and long-term health complications.Studies such as Aini et al.(2022) indicate that the physical characteristics of microplastics allow them to travel deep into the lungs,potentially leading to chronic inflammation and other respiratory issues.These risks are exacerbated for student athletes,who will be exercising intensely in these environments, leading to greater inhalation of microplastics. 4.Toxicity of PFAS and False Claims of "PFAS-Free"Turf Cornell’s claims that its synthetic turf will use "PFAS-free"plant-based materials are misleading and dangerous.The synthetic turf industry has repeatedly been found to market its products as PFAS-free while continuing to use fluorinated chemicals.For example,Mello (2022) and Bennett (2023)reveal that even so-called "organic"infills and synthetic turf fibers contain fluorine-based chemicals,suggesting the presence of PFAS.Kristen Mello’s testing of synthetic turf materials in Portsmouth,NH,confirmed the presence of multiple toxic PFAS compounds,despite industry claims to the contrary.Massey et al.(2020)also conduct a comparative assessment of the chemical contents in various types of artificial turf infill, including tire crumb,synthetic alternatives,and plant-and mineral-based infills.Their analysis reveals that none of the materials are completely free of toxic chemicals.Even plant-based infills,often marketed as "safer,"still contain chemicals of concern,albeit in smaller amounts. The presence of PFAS in synthetic turf is particularly concerning due to their persistence in the environment and bioaccumulation in wildlife and humans.PFAS,known as "forever chemicals,"do not break down easily and are linked to a range of health problems,including cancer,reproductive issues,and endocrine disruption.As Siegel et al.(2024)demonstrate, even organic infills marketed as safer alternatives can pose similar health risks,contradicting the industry’s claims. 5.Environmental Justice and Disproportionate Impact on Vulnerable Communities The production,use,and disposal of synthetic turf disproportionately impacts environmental justice communities.From the extraction of raw materials to the eventual disposal of synthetic turf,communities near production and disposal facilities bear the burden of toxic emissions, polluted water,and degraded air quality.The CIEL report (2023)highlights the lifecycle pollution caused by plastic production,including the release of toxic chemicals during the manufacturing process.These burdens fall disproportionately on marginalized communities, who often lack the resources to advocate for their health and environmental protections. Additionally,many of the facilities that manufacture or dispose of synthetic turf are located near low-income communities and communities of color,who suffer from the cumulative effects of exposure to PFAS,VOCs,and other harmful substances.As the Collaborative for Health & Environment (2022)points out,the entire lifecycle of synthetic turf is built on environmental injustice,from the pollution of frontline communities to the health risks faced by athletes using these fields. 6.Synthetic Turf as a Leading Source of Microplastic Pollution The recent study by Zhu et al.(2024)in Toronto identified synthetic turf as the largest source of microplastic pollution in the city,emitting over 237 tonnes of microplastics in 2020 alone. Synthetic turf surpasses even clothing as a contributor to microplastic emissions,demonstrating its significant role in the global plastic pollution crisis.Cornell’s decision to proceed with synthetic turf,despite this evidence,is irresponsible and out of step with efforts to reduce plastic pollution at the source. Meegoda and Hettiarachchi (2023)emphasize that the most effective strategy for addressing plastic pollution is source reduction—preventing the production and use of plastic materials in the first place.By choosing not to install synthetic turf,Cornell can take a meaningful step toward reducing its environmental impact and protecting the health of its students and the surrounding community. Conclusion:A Call for Source Reduction and Environmental Responsibility Given the overwhelming evidence from these studies,we urge the Planning Board to immediately recall the negative declaration on Cornell’s synthetic turf proposal and require that the university adopt more sustainable,natural alternatives.It is clear that Cornell’s synthetic turf installation plan will contribute to significant environmental harm and pose serious health risks. The proposed filtration system is inadequate to prevent the release of microplastics, nanoplastics,and toxic chemicals into the water and air.Additionally,the installation of synthetic turf will disproportionately affect environmental justice communities and contribute to the ongoing crisis of plastic pollution. I urge the Planning Board to recall the negative declaration on Cornell’s synthetic turf proposal and demand that the university prioritize source reduction—choosing more sustainable, natural alternatives that align with global efforts to combat plastic pollution.This is not only a matter of environmental responsibility but also a critical step toward protecting public health and addressing the disproportionate impact of pollution on vulnerable communities. Please see the attached 70+page partially annotated and sectioned bibliography for references cited in this letter. Sincerely, Yayoi Koizumi Founder,Zero Waste Ithaca zerowasteithaca.org Zero Waste Ithaca Artificial Turf Bibliography Updated:September 22,2024 Table of Contents 1 Cornell University’s Multiple Artificial Turf Projects,the Ithaca Community and Beyond 2 Fossil Fuel Industry ’s Influence on Cornell and Higher Education 8 Local Media Report 9 Selected Peer-Reviewed Studies on Artificial Turf,Microplastics and Toxic Chemicals -PFAS and Beyond 10 Testimony Letters from Independent Experts and Organizations 16 The Debunked WA Department of Health Quoted Conspicuously in Cornell-commissioned Haley & Aldrich Report 18 PFAS and Beyond:Toxicity Concerns in Synthetic Turf 18 Issues with Plant-Based /Organic Infills 24 Issues with Filtration of Runoffs 26 Issues of Air Emission 29 Independent Test Results for PFAS 30 Microplastics and Public Health,and More Toxic Substances in Plastics 33 Environmental Justice and Plastic Lifecycle 36 Failure of Plastic Recycling,“Advanced”Chemical Recycling,and Plastic Turfs 39 Bans,Moratoriums,Municipal Recommendations 42 Lawsuits 43 Philadelphia Inquirer ’s Coverage on Injuries,Cancer,Toxicity,Artificial Turf Dumping 44 Further Investigative Journalism 45 Reports by Environmental Organizations 47 Injuries and Health Threats for Athletes 49 Webinars,Documentary and Other Films 51 Natural Grass vs.Artificial Turf 54 Natural Grass Management 55 Cost Comparisons 57 Miscellaneous 58 FUHSD (Fremont Union High School District,CA)Report Citations from:Community for Natural Play Surfaces.“Re:Choose Natural Turf for FUHSD Schools or Comply with CEQA.”February 27,2024. https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQC57CdX3Kv5-1sUkqNx57dTjkLAfFbzsmHoOEt-rAl -kj8N5rGnuNUlKrCF9PQBQ /pub 58 UCSB Report Citations from:Woelke,Dianne,Diana Carpinone,Suzanne Hume,Ronald Askeland,and Nancy Okada.“University of California Santa Barbara Notice of Impending Development No. UCS-NOID-0002-23 (Baseball Stadium Turf).”September 8,2023. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mavB4-DNVOEgYE-XaCthWJ8wT9oyb3Um/view.67 Cornell University’s Multiple Artificial Turf Projects,the Ithaca Community and Beyond Balesta,Christine,Senior Planner of Town of Ithaca.“Re:Cornell University Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Center Project -Discussion of Additional Materials,SEQR Segmentation.”May 14,2024. https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/fg4n5fanrv3o2xwf6dli5/PB-packet-5-21-24-Meinig-SEQ R-Segmentation-Long-Range-Vision.pdf?rlkey=1lq70pmm1q3ie7s4yn5z073my&st=87q gj6qr&dl=0 In this packet of additional materials,Cornell University requests SEQR segmentation for additional artificial turf projects on the eastern fringe of campus at Game Farm and Ellis Hollow Roads.The package outlines the university’s long-range vision to develop the existing meadows,potentially covering the area with several synthetic turf fields,in addition to the two synthetic turf fields proposed in the Meinig "fieldhouse"project on Tower Road in central campus. Note:We noticed that the package was removed from the original link on the town website,so we are sharing a link to a downloaded copy for reference. Brewer,Lori,Eva Hoffmann,Michael Roberts,Lindsay Dombroskie.“RE:Cornell University Meinig Fieldhouse Project.”Town of Ithaca Conservation Board.January 31,2024. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hVL8vgLquqDSJPhq1cZ9qxli-B9GIlN2/view?usp=drive _link. Carman,Neil.Letter to The City of Ithaca,NY,Planning Board Members.June 25,2024. https://drive.google.com/file/d/17Hjoae7HMpXo3ueK92Auq71sJXXhsDUT/view?usp=s haring In this letter,Dr.Neil Carman,an expert in chemistry and the lead staff member for the Sierra Club Texas in their court battles,discusses the hazardous air pollution affecting environmental justice communities in the Houston,Texas area.For decades,he has fought companies like ExxonMobil.These communities live under the shadow of the ExxonMobil complex,which includes multiple plastic production and recycling plants. Notably,a controversial "advanced"chemical recycling plant in Baytown,Texas,accepts artificial turf from the synthetic turf recycling company TenCate. City of Watertown,MA -Government.“Victory Field Turf is Closed Due to Excessive Heat.” June 20,2024. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=812146911015602&set=a.198027349094231 Watertown,MA in the home of Mr.Trey Sasser,a Cornell representative from Sasaki architectural firm who spoke in favor of artificial turf.Contrary to the industry’s claims of all-year play,Victory Field in Watertown also previously had to close down for the whole summer in 2023 for artificial turf replacement.See:Beitrose,Charlie.“Victory Field Closing for Most of Summer to Replace Artificial Turf.”Watertown News.June 9, 2023. https://www.watertownmanews.com/2023/06/09/victory-field-closing-for-most-of-summ er-to-replace-artificial-turf/ Cornell University.“Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Facility:Site Plan Review Application Report.”December 15,2023. https://www.cityofithaca.org/DocumentCenter/View/16359/Cornell-Meinig-Fieldhouse-S PR-Application-121523rsz. Cornell University.“Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Facility:Additional Materials.”April 19,2024. https://www.cityofithaca.org/DocumentCenter/View/16866/Meinig-Fieldhouse-Additiona l-Materials-041924-rsz In this report,Cornell University commissions the consulting firm Haley &Aldrich, which has ties to corporations like BP and Boeing with questionable environmental and corporate ethic records (See here,here,here,here and here for BP and here,here,here, here,here and here for Boeing’s,and here,here,here for BP -and note these just scratch the surface.Look at the list on Violation Tracker for BP and Boeing),to produce a document that justifies artificial turfs.The firm's ties to large corporations like Boeing and BP suggest potential conflicts of interest when it comes to producing reports on environmentally sensitive projects like synthetic turf installation. The original page on the H&A website containing this information was curiously removed once after our public comment on 5/28/24,then it was restored again by 6/29/24.We are sharing a link to WayBack Machine as well as a screenshot below for safekeeping. Haley &Aldrich’s report cites reports from other industry consulting firms,perpetuating an industry echo chamber of disinformation regarding artificial turf.One of the firms referenced in Haley &Aldrich’s report,Tetra Tech,in particular,was previously part of Honeywell,a company with a notorious environmental record (see this and this).Tetra Tech is also involved in ongoing lawsuits (see this,this,and this). Most notably,Tetra Tech was embroiled in a lawsuit by the US Government for falsifying information for radiation cleanup at Hunter Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco in 2018.The lawsuit is still ongoing.The U.S.Department of Justice has intervened in multiple whistleblower lawsuits against the company,alleging that it falsified radiological data and substituted "clean"soil samples to misrepresent contamination levels at the site.Two of the company's supervisors even pleaded guilty to falsifying records and were sentenced to prison.These actions delayed cleanup efforts and raised concerns about ongoing contamination in the area,which remains under scrutiny . Additionally,Tetra Tech faces accusations of negligence,including a class-action lawsuit from former site workers claiming that improper handling of toxic materials contributed to health issues such as cancer. Tetra Tech was also cited for conducting a study for the East Palestine train derailment disaster in Ohio on February 3,2023,where a Norfolk Southern freight train carrying hazardous chemicals such as vinyl chloride derailed,leading to significant environmental and health concerns,despite a clear conflict of interest,raising questions about their corporate ethics.(see this). In the Cornell-commissioned report by Haley &Aldrich,it is crucial to note that despite Tetra Tech's report supporting artificial turf for the Martha's Vineyard Commission,the Town of Oak Bluffs ultimately banned synthetic turf in April 2024, rejecting the project at Oak Bluffs High School.This significant detail is conspicuously omitted in both the Haley &Aldrich report and their subsequent communications submitted to the City and Town of Ithaca Planning Boards.Put plainly,Haley & Aldrich references Tetra Tech's report,which was rejected due to concerns about PFAS contamination of the only aquifer serving Martha's Vineyard residents.Despite having ample time to update their communications,they failed to disclose this critical development. This omission raises serious questions about the integrity of the report. It is also worth noting that Tetra Tech has an office right here in Ithaca,New York,and hired by the Ithaca City School District.The School District already has a synthetic turf in their high school. Cornell University presses forward and reveals a plan to install potentially several more artificial turf fields in the Game Farm and Ellis Hollow Roads area as part of their proposed sports complex plan,despite significant community opposition.This decision follows protests in spring 2023 against a similar,albeit smaller,project at Ithaca College, highlighting the Cornell University administration's disregard for community concerns. Consider this continual expansion of campus amenities while examining the increase over decades in new student acceptance and enrollment significantly surpassing the national population increase and the general downward trend for college enrollment. See Cornell University Institutional Research &Planning.“Enrollment at Cornell University Ithaca,1868 to Present.”https://irp.dpb.cornell.edu/ Cornell University.“Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Facility:Supplemental Information.”June 10,2024. https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/m58uvx97z4mxt1gdgou96/City-PB-agenda-2024-06-25- w-Attachments.pdf?rlkey=58fond2najzob8hflh353889u&st=5f3flo4t&dl=0 This attachment to the City Planning Board Agenda for June 25,2024,begins on page 147.The report includes a letter from the senior director of Cornell’s Ornithology Lab (starting on page 156),thanking the project team at Cornell and Sasaki for considering the construction's impact on hawks,yet notably omitting any discussion of the detrimental effects of artificial turf on bird populations.Additionally,it addresses the planned removal of 18 existing oak and maple trees (page 160),proposing new plantings but failing to acknowledge the crucial role of mature trees in the ecosystem and climate—raising the question of why the existing trees can't be preserved alongside new plantings. McBride,Murry Brian.Letter to the City and Town of Ithaca Planning Board regarding Cornell’s Artificial Turf Projects,.Jul 3, 2024 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pfkS3QqwBsBC-FyI4bUG87dhhIfQt3pAmOXoV Vw203M/edit?pli=1 In this letter,Cornell University Emeritus Professor Murry Brian McBride critiques Cornell's artificial turf projects,highlighting concerns about contamination and environmental impact.His expert perspective in soil science and chemistry adds significant weight to the opposition of the project. Woelke,Dianne,MSN.Letter to The City of Ithaca,NY,Planning Board Members.June 25, 2024. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BJfJKA9nV65Igl6MZO3HzA_oLOWgHUtK/view?usp= sharing Dianne Woelke,a founding board member of Safe Healthy Playing Fields and a retired Advanced Practice Nurse and Public Health Nurse,expresses her scientifically supported opposition to artificial turf in this 17-page letter regarding Cornell University’s multiple artificial turf projects in Ithaca,NY. Zero Waste Ithaca.“The True Costs of Artificial Turf:Experts Discuss Cornell University’s New “PFAS-Free”Project”Webinar held on April 30,2024. https://youtu.be/iqk8Ss-8Bjk?si=fm4uSfUqo1L4V56G A panel of six experts—including scientists,environmentalists,and a former university soccer coach,three whistleblowers —testify and analyze the life cycle,environmental justice,and public health impacts of artificial turf and suggest the alternative of organic natural grass management.This webinar helped defeat a plan for an artificial turf field in a school district in Middleton,WI. Zero Waste Ithaca,co-sponsored by Beyond Plastics and Plastic Pollution Coalition.Petition: Halt Cornell University’s Plan to Install Artificial Turfs. https://actionnetwork.org/petitions/ceb22b8b44b8892804799dbec9048d51a165cc81/?has h=49848ca89bf36f9d4cc636a15d0413c1 The petition gained over 1,200 signatures and was submitted to Cornell University President Kotlikoff,Provost Siliciano,Administration and Sustainability Office on August 31,2024.Zero Waste Ithaca has not received any response from Cornell University. Fossil Fuel Industry’s Influence on Cornell and Higher Education Cornell University."Cornell Engineering Systems Engineering:Corporate Partners."Cornell University.Accessed September 22,2024. https://www.systemseng.cornell.edu/se/programs/meng-degree-distance-learning/corporat e-partners. Cornell University."ExxonMobil Foundation Gives $403K to Cornell."Cornell University,April 30,2019. https://www.engineering.cornell.edu/news/exxonmobil-foundation-gives-403k-cornell. Fossil Free Cornell.Dissociate Cornell:A Review of Cornell's Fossil Fuel Ties.Developed and researched by Fossil Free Cornell,September 18,2024. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iPBmvy6v3_5tmiPy1iXJhTNdyBXA0zLF/view. Hiltner,Sofia,Emily Eaton,Noel Healy,Andrew Scerri,Jennie C.Stephens,and Geoffrey Supran."Fossil Fuel Industry Influence in Higher Education:A Review and a Research Agenda."Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews:Climate Change,first published September 5, 2024.https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.904 Noor,Dharna."Elite US Universities Rake in Millions from Big Oil Donations,Research Finds: Student-Led Analyses Raise Concerns of Conflict of Interest at Six Universities, Including Princeton,Columbia,and Cornell."The Guardian,September 19,2024. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/sep/19/oil-donations-universities. Taft,Molly."Research or Lobbying?New Documents Reveal What Fossil Fuel Companies Are Really Paying for at Top Universities."Drilled,April 30,2024. https://drilled.media/news/hearingdocs-universities. Wu,Venus,“University Denies Conflict of Interest.”Cornell Daily Sun.February 15,2010. https://cornellsun.com/2010/02/15/university-denies-conflict-of-interest/ Peter Meinig '61,a former natural gas executive,lends his name to Cornell's proposed field house,which will feature synthetic turf made from fossil fuels. Local Media Report Dougherty,Matt.“Cornell Faces Public Backlash Over Plans to Install Artificial Turf.”Ithaca Times.June 27,2024. https://www.ithaca.com/news/ithaca/cornell-faces-public-backlash-over-plans-to-install-a rtificial-turf/article_26d884c2-34ad-11ef-9416-eb947ec65524.html Figueroa,Fernando.“Debate Over Environmental Hazards of Cornell’s New Turf Field Continues at City,Town Levels.”August 9,2024. https://ithacavoice.org/2024/08/debate-over-environmental-hazards-cornells-new-turf-fiel d-continues-at-city-town-levels/ Ithaca Times.“Question of the Week:Do You Think Ithaca College Should Replace the Grass Field at Butterfield Stadium with Artificial Turf?”June 7,2023. https://www.ithaca.com/opinion/question_of_the_week/do-you-think-ithaca-college-shou ld-replace-the-grass-field-at-butterfield-stadium-with-artificial/poll_7aff9034-054e-11ee- 9b25-579d4c7a178d.html. Ithaca Times’poll shows an overwhelming 85%of Ithacans oppose the artificial turf project at Ithaca College. Kipperman,Vee.“Environmental Activists Rally Against Artificial Turf.”Ithaca Times.June 3, 2023. https://www.ithaca.com/news/ithaca/environmental-activists-rally-against-artificial-turf/a rticle_f8144ee0-054c-11ee-b33b-bb9b10c7b4c7.html#comments. Lukas,Judy.“Community Group Urges Ithaca College Halt Artificial Turf Construction.”Ithaca Voice.June 6,2023. https://ithacavoice.org/2023/06/community-group-urges-ithaca-college-halt-artificial-turf -construction/. Miller,Silochanie.“Environmental Advocates,Cornell Athletics Dispute Over Artificial Turf Project.”Cornell Daily Sun.September 6,2024. https://cornellsun.com/2024/09/06/environmental-advocates-cornell-athletics-dispute-ove r-artificial-turf-project/ Cornell Daily Sun undercounts the rally participants to half (20)of the number reported by Ithaca Voice (40)by Figueroa Fernando in this article. Redelmeier,Rebecca.“Cornell’s Plan to Install Artificial Turf Fields Spurs Plastic Pollution Concerns.”WSKG-NPR.June 16,2024. https://wskg.org/regional-news/2024-06-16/cornells-plan-to-install-artificial-turf-fields-s purs-plastic-pollution-concerns Rose,Vivian.“Talks about Synthetic Turf Fields Resurface as Local Environmental Groups Express Concerns.”August 28,2024.The Ithacan. https://theithacan.org/55664/news/talks-about-synthetic-turf-fields-resurface-as-local-env ironmental-groups-express-concerns/ Rovenolt,Mikayla “Mack.”“Zero Waste Ithaca Opposes Artificial Turf.”Tompkins Weekly. June 7,2023. https://www.tompkinsweekly.com/articles/news-brief-zero-waste-ithaca-protests-artificial -turf/. Selected Peer-Reviewed Studies on Artificial Turf,Microplastics and Toxic Chemicals -PFAS and Beyond See many more included in UCSB Report integrated into this bibliography compilation. Benoit,Gaboury.“Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Compounds Extractable by Multiple Methods from Commercially Available Crumb Rubber Mulch.”Water,Air &Soil Pollution.February 12,2018.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3711-7 Bø,S.M.,Bohne,R.A.&Lohne,J.“Environmental Impacts of Artificial Turf:A Scoping Review.”International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.(2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-024-05689-3 Carmona,Eric,Elisa Rojo-Nieto,Christoph D.Rummel,Martin Krauss,Kristian Syberg,Tiffany M.Ramos,Sara Brosche,Thomas Backhaus,and Bethanie Carney Almroth.“A Dataset of Organic Pollutants Identified and Quantified in Recycled Polyethylene Pellets.”Data in Brief 51 (2023):109740.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109740. Cousins,I,Johansson,J,Salter,M et al.“Outside the Safe Operating Space of a New Planetary Boundary for Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS).Environmental Science Technology 56 (2022):11172−9. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.2c02765?download=true. De Haan,William P.,Rocío Quintana,César Vilas,Andrés Cózar,Miquel Canals,Oriol Uviedo, and Anna Sanchez-Vidal.“The Dark Side of Artificial Greening:Plastic Turfs as Widespread Pollutants of Aquatic Environments.”Environmental Pollution 334 (2023): 122094.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122094. This Barcelona study found that up to 15%of the larger microplastic pieces in the environment come from artificial turf.This significant fiber loss contributed to the University of California,Santa Barbara's decision to choose natural grass over artificial turf,supported by the California Coastal Commission,on December 13,2023. Ginsberg,Gary,Brian Toal,and Tara Kurland.“Benzothiazole Toxicity Assessment in Support of Synthetic Turf Field Human Health Risk Assessment.”Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,Part A 74,no.17 (2011):1175–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2011.586943. Golijanin,Petar,Ryan James Whalen,Mark Cote,Tyler Joseph Zajac,and Matthew T. Provencher.“The Comparison of Injuries in National Football League Players (2016–2021)Based on the Playing Surface:Natural Grass versus Artificial Turf.” American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.2024. https://aaos.scientificposters.com/epsAbstractAAOS.cfm?id=1 Gould HP,Lostetter SJ,Samuelson ER,Guyton GP.“Lower Extremity Injury Rates on Artificial Turf Versus Natural Grass Playing Surfaces:A Systematic Review.”The American Journal of Sports Medicine.May 20,2022.https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465211069562 Hua,Jing Martin Lundqvist,Shanti Naidu,Mikael T.Ekvall,Tommy Cedervall.“Environmental Risks of Breakdown Nanoplastics from Synthetic Football Fields.”Environmental Pollution.April,2024.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123652. This study investigates the health risks associated with synthetic turf,focusing on the detection and toxicity of nanoplastics in drainage water from a synthetic football field. The research found trace amounts of nanoplastics from EPDM granules,which exhibited high toxicity to aquatic organisms.These findings underscore the urgent need for further research into the harmful effects of nanoplastics from synthetic turf surfaces. Huang,Qian’en,Jianqun Wang,Jianping Wang,Dongmei Yu,Yuanbo Zhan,and Ze Liu. “Emerging Health Risks of Crumb Rubber:Inhalation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals via Saliva During Artificial Turf Activities.”Environmental Science & Technology 57,no.50 (2023):21005–21015.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c03278. Kanaan,Ahmed,Elena Sevostianova,Bernd Leinauer,and Igor Sevostianov.“Water Requirements for Cooling Artificial Turf.”Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 146,no.10 (2020):05020004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001506. Kim JI,Kim BN,Lee YA,Shin CH,Hong YC,Dossing LD,Hilderbrandt G,Lim YH. “Association Between Early-Childhood Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and ADHD Symptoms:A Prospective Cohort Study.”Science of the Total Environment.April 4,2023.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163081 Kim S,Yang JY,Kim HH,Yeo IY,Shin DC,Lim YW.“Health Risk Assessment of Lead Ingestion Exposure by Particle Sizes in Crumb Rubber on Artificial Turf Considering Bioavailability.”Environmental Health and Toxicology.February 2,2012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/resources/citations/3278598/export/ Kole,Pieter Jan,Frank GAJ Van Belleghem,Jetse J.Stoorvogel,Ad MJ Ragas,and Ansje J. Löhr.“Tyre Granulate on the Loose;How Much Escapes the Turf?A Systematic Literature Review.”Science of the Total Environment (2023):166221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166221. Lauria,Mélanie Z.,Ayman Naim,Merle Plassmann,Jenny Fäldt,Roxana Sühring,and Jonathan P.Benskin.“Widespread Occurrence of Non-Extractable Fluorine in Artificial Turfs from Stockholm,Sweden.”Environmental Science &Technology Letters.July 6,2022.DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00260 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00260 Magnusson,Simon,and Josef Mácsik.“Analysis of Energy Use and Emissions of Greenhouse Gases,Metals and Organic Substances from Construction Materials Used for Artificial Turf.”Resources,Conservation and Recycling 122 (2017):362–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.03.007. Murphy,Maire,Genoa R.Warner.“Health Impacts of Artificial Turf:Toxicity Studies, Challenges,and Future Directions.”Environmental Pollution.October 1,2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119841 Negev,Maya,Zohar Barnett-Itzhaki,Tamar Berman,Shay Reicher,Naor Cohen,Ruti Ardi, Yaniv Shammai,Tamar Zohar,and Miriam L.Diamond.“Hazardous Chemicals in Outdoor and Indoor Surfaces:Artificial Turf and Laminate Flooring.”Journal of Exposure Science &Environmental Epidemiology 32,no.3 (2022):392–399. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-021-00396-4. Park,Byung-Geon,Cheoljae Lee,Young-Jun Kim,Jinhyoung Park,Hyeok Kim,Young Jung, Jong Soo Ko,Sang-Woo Kim,Ju-Hyuck Lee,Hanchul Cho.“Toxic Micro/Nano Particles Removal in Water via Triboelectric Nanogenerator.”Nano Energy,2022;100:107433 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107433 This study demonstrates a new approach using a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)for removing micro-and nanoparticles from water,leveraging an electrophoretic process driven by the electric field generated by the TENG.Even with the use of advanced materials like the porous-pyramid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)layer,the system achieved only a 21.4%removal rate.While this method represents progress in the field of microplastic remediation,it underscores significant limitations in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness for large-scale applications. Cornell's filtration proposal,discussed at the Ithaca City Planning Board meeting on 9/3/24,suggests using filters with pore sizes of 0.212 mm,which are considerably larger than those used in the TENG system.Given that this advanced system with smaller pores and electrical enhancement was only able to capture a fraction of microplastic pollutants,serious concerns arise about the efficacy of the filtration methods Cornell is advocating for.It is questionable whether such a method will adequately address microplastic contamination from synthetic turf runoff. Rather than relying on filtration alone,it would be far more responsible to critically evaluate and reduce the sources of plastic pollution—such as synthetic turf—which contributes significantly to the problem.Cornell’s current plan may fall short of effectively mitigating environmental risks,given the evidence of limited success even with more sophisticated technologies. Peaslee,Graham and Heather D.Whitehead.“Occurrences of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Plastic Products from Fluorinated Polymer Processing Aids.”2024. https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1oiwPKNrHCJd6-VzcFPKTNyCrjjmiwJeh/edit?u sp=sharing&ouid=106106732686023309618&rtpof=true&sd=true This is a pre-publication presentation in Government of the District of Columbia ANC (Advisory Neighborhood Commission)3/4G Single Member District 02.“Is Artificial Turf Safe for Our Kids and Our Environment?,"March 26,2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8xlCA9M8hI Dr.Peaslee from University of Notre Dame is the leading expert on PFAS in consumer products.In this first Zoom meeting in the series by ANC 3/4G looking at artificial turf, he shared his pre-publication study showing artificial turf is estimated to potentially contaminate 800,000 gallons of water with chemicals per field per year on average. Ragnarsdóttir,Oddný ,Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah,and Stuart Harrad.“Dermal Bioavailability of Perfluoroalkyl Substances Using in Vitro 3D Human Skin Equivalent Models,”Environment International.June,2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108772 A study of 17 commonly-used synthetic 'forever chemicals'has shown that these toxic substances can readily be absorbed through human skin. Sánchez-Sotomayor D,Martín-Higuera A,Gil-Delgado JA,Gálvez Á,Bernat-Ponce E. “Artificial Grass in Parks as a Potential New Threat for Urban Bird Communities.”Bird Conservation International.Cambridge University Press,July 26,2022. doi:10.1017/S0959270922000119 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bird-conservation-international/article/artificial- grass-in-parks-as-a-potential-new-threat-for-urban-bird-communities/55B131F50206D3 DD485A57DE975C120C This study demonstrates that replacing natural grass with artificial turf in urban parks in eastern Spain negatively impacted bird diversity.Parks with artificial grass show reduced species richness,abundance,and gamma diversity compared to parks with natural grass. These findings highlight the harmful effects of artificial turf on urban bird communities and its threat to bird conservation. Siegel,Kyle R.,Brooklynn R.Murray,Jeff Gearhart,and Christopher D.Kassotis."In Vitro Endocrine and Cardiometabolic Toxicity Associated with Artificial Turf Materials." Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,Wayne State University,Ecology Center.September 6,2024. This study examines the potential health risks of artificial turf materials,analyzing both new and weathered samples.The findings indicate that weathered turf samples had stronger effects on various hormone receptors,including androgen,estrogen,and thyroid receptors.Additionally,all turf extracts activated a receptor linked to toxin processing (AhR),with some causing heart cell toxicity in rats.These results raise concerns about the endocrine and cardiometabolic effects of artificial turf materials,warranting further investigation into their impact on human health. Stoett,Peter,Vitória M.Scrich,Carla I.Elliff,Mariana M.Andrade,Natalia de M.Grilli, Alexander Turra,“Global Plastic Pollution,Sustainable Development,and Plastic Justice, World Development.”World Development.December 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106756. This article discusses the detrimental impact of plastic pollution on sustainable development and the UN Sustainable Development Goals,highlighting the lack of sufficient indicators to monitor progress.It introduces "plastic justice"as a critical framework to address plastic pollution as both a human rights and environmental justice issue,advocating for equitable solutions to this global crisis. Silva,Ana L.P.,Joana C.Prata,Armando C.Duarte,Amadeu M.V.M.Soares,Damià Barceló, Teresa Rocha-Santos.“Microplastics in Landfill Leachates:The Need for Reconnaissance Studies and Remediation Technologies.”Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering.June 2021.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100072 This study highlights how microplastics and nanoplastics in landfill leachates contribute to the increased leaching of plastic additives,such as plasticizers,and facilitate the adsorption/desorption of hazardous chemicals and pathogens in water.The presence of these plastics raises significant concerns about environmental and human health impacts. Chemicals from plastics,including PFAS,BPA,cadmium,mercury,and lead,are often water-soluble and persistent,making them difficult to remove from water systems even with filtration.As plastics degrade,their surface area increases, accelerating the release of harmful substances.The authors stress the importance of developing remediation technologies to address these threats. Simpson,Thomas J.,and Robert A.Francis.“Artificial Lawns Exhibit Increased Runoff and Decreased Water Retention Compared to Living Lawns Following Controlled Rainfall Experiments.”Urban Forestry &Urban Greening 63 (2021):127232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127232. Tarafdar,Abhrajyoti,Min-Ju Oh,Quynh Nguyen-Phuong,and Jung-Hwan Kwon.“Profiling and Potential Cancer Risk Assessment on Children Exposed to PAHs in Playground Dust/Soil:A Comparative Study on Poured Rubber Surfaced and Classical Soil Playgrounds in Seoul.”Environmental Geochemistry and Health.May 27,2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00334-2 This Korean study found that children who play on used tire crumb playgrounds, commonly referred to as PIP (poured in place),are 10 times more likely to develop cancer than those who played on soil surfaces. Vyrlas,Panagiotis,Miltiadis Koutras,Vasileios Liakos.“Surface Temperature Experiences and Irrigation Effects on Artificial Turf.”WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development.May 22,2024.DOI:10.37394/232015.2024.20.20 https://wseas.com/journals/ead/2024/a405115-007(2024).pdf Watterson,Watterson.“Crumb Rubber in Sports Pitches in Scotland and the Science/Policy Interface:Can Continued Use be Justified?”2024. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35010.18882. Winz,Robyn,Lee L.Yu,Li-Piin Sung,YuYe J.Tong,and Dejun Chen.“Assessing Children’s Potential Exposures to Harmful Metals in Tire Crumb Rubber by Accelerated Photodegradation Weathering.”Scientific Reports 13,no.1 (2023):13877. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38574-z. Zhu,Xia,Matthew J.Hoffman,and Chelsea M.Rochman.“A City-Wide Emissions Inventory of Plastic Pollution.”Environmental Science &Technology.February 1,2024. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c04348 This study provides a comprehensive framework for quantifying plastic emissions in urban environments,with a case study focusing on Toronto,Canada.Notably,it identifies artificial turf as the largest contributor to microplastic pollution in the city,emitting 237 tonnes in 2020—surpassing other sources,including clothing.The research highlights the importance of targeting synthetic turf in microplastic reduction strategies and recommends scaling this measurement framework globally to track progress toward reducing plastic pollution. Zuccaro,Philip,James Licato,Emily A.Davidson,David C.Thompson,and Vasilis Vasiliou. “Assessing Extraction-Analysis Methodology to Detect Fluorotelomer Alcohols (FTOH), a Class of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS),in Artificial Turf Fibers and Crumb Rubber Infill."Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 7 (2023):100280.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2022.100280. Zuccaro,Philip,David C.Thompson,Jacob de Boer,Andrew Watterson,Qiong Wang,Song Tang,Xiaoming Shi,Maria Llompart,Nuno Ratola,and Vasilis Vasiliou.“Artificial Turf and Crumb Rubber Infill:An International Policy Review Concerning the Current State of Regulations.”Environmental Challenges 9 (2022):100620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2022.100620. Testimony Letters from Independent Experts and Organizations Carman,Neil.Letter to The City of Ithaca,NY,Planning Board Members.June 25,2024. https://drive.google.com/file/d/17Hjoae7HMpXo3ueK92Auq71sJXXhsDUT/view?usp=s haring In this letter,Dr.Neil Carman,an expert in chemistry and the lead staff member for the Sierra Club Texas in their court battles,discusses the hazardous air pollution affecting environmental justice communities in the Houston,Texas area.For decades,he has fought companies like ExxonMobil.These communities live under the shadow of the ExxonMobil complex,which includes multiple plastic production and recycling plants. Notably,a controversial "advanced"chemical recycling plant in Baytown,Texas,accepts artificial turf from the synthetic turf recycling company TenCate. Clapp,Richard W.,DSc,MPH,and David R.Brown,Sc.D.“Re:Investigation of Reported Cancer among Soccer Players in Washington State.”March 9,2017. https://drive.google.com/file/d/194BxQ8gaL0_noQWJYpyYBj5ww2-FhNFU/view. DeWitt,Jamie,Ph.D.Letter to the City Planner of Los Angeles,California.Jul.6,2023. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DT-UQ5bEeD4kfFhtxLcSNDYTmhLn8D9L/view?usp= drivesdk Landrigan,Philip,M.D.et al.“Re:Proposed Artificial Turf Field in Roosevelt Park.”March 1, 2024. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NP8Xr9pSRbGtaZidli3mkks21voc2oqK/view?usp=shari ng. Four medical doctors from Boston College and Harvard Medical School are in opposition to the proposal for installing artificial turf in their local park,citing significant human health risks associated with its lifecycle. McBride,Murry Brian.Letter to the City and Town of Ithaca Planning Board regarding Cornell’s Artificial Turf Projects,.Jul 3, 2024 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pfkS3QqwBsBC-FyI4bUG87dhhIfQt3pAmOXoV Vw203M/edit?pli=1 In this letter,Cornell University Emeritus Professor Murry Brian McBride critiques Cornell's artificial turf projects,highlighting concerns about contamination and environmental impact.His expert perspective in soil science and chemistry adds significant weight to the opposition of the project. Royer,Sara-Jean,Ph.D.Letter to the Mayor and the City Council Members,Oceanside,CA. April 29,2020. https://drive.google.com/file/d/18jECQi_39Oxt7KnIUR6xpiMF248TKoFo/view?usp=sh aring. In this letter,Dr.Royer discusses her research team's discovery of methane emissions from plastic polyethylene,which is the most commonly produced plastic.They observe a significant rise in methane and ethylene off-gassing with an increase in the surface area of plastic,particularly raising concerns for plastics exposed to air in terrestrial environments,such as those used in artificial turf.Please see her team’s 2018 study listed in the section of FUHSD (Fremont Union High School District,CA)Report below. Santa Clara Valley Audubon Society.Letter to Los Gatos Union School District,California. November 16,2021. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wJ0TitvT2IgCxukD4N9izQMflyNxconA/view?usp=shar ing Los Gatos Union School District rejected the artificial turf proposal and opted for natural grass -see Page 4 for the final decision. Tolaymat,T.,N.Robey,M.Krause,J.Larson,K.Weitz,S.Parvathikar,L.Phelps,W.Linak,S. Burden,T.Speth,AND Jonathan D.Krug.A Critical Review of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)Landfill Disposal in the United States.Science of the Total Environment.December 20,2023.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167185 Woelke,Dianne,MSN.Letter to the Secretary Wade Crowfoot of California Natural Resources Agency.March 20,2022. https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSyLdjJmwVG8bMzDrAlw7SpBabUsm waefka9MDAZ-HKTSN7aLEUw-sxyYnU5xUWCqAXGBiXvJuw-WHI/pub Dianne Woelke,a board member of Safe Healthy Playing Fields and a retired Advanced Practice Nurse and Public Health Nurse,expresses her opposition to artificial turfs in this letter,which includes numerous links to studies and reports supporting her position. Woelke,Dianne,MSN.Letter to The City of Ithaca,NY,Planning Board Members.June 25, 2024. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BJfJKA9nV65Igl6MZO3HzA_oLOWgHUtK/view?usp= sharing Dianne Woelke,a board member of Safe Healthy Playing Fields and a retired Advanced Practice Nurse and Public Health Nurse,expresses her scientifically supported opposition to artificial turf in this 17-page letter regarding Cornell University’s multiple artificial turf projects in Ithaca,NY. Wolff,Megan J.,Ph.D.MPH.et al.“Subject:Exclusion of Synthetic Turf Fields from Central School District Capital Improvement Plan.”December 14,2023. https://drive.google.com/file/d/18hwzkScZ5zmmDmVQmnvJFgjs6Nx-cV4p/view?usp=s haring This letter was addressed to the New Paltz Central School District Board of Education in New York,expressing opposition to the district's proposal to incorporate artificial turf into new athletic facilities.Notably,it highlights Cornell University's own cost analysis, available on their website,illustrating that artificial turf is significantly more expensive to maintain compared to natural grass. The Debunked WA Department of Health Quoted Conspicuously in Cornell-commissioned Haley &Aldrich Report Clapp,Richard W.DSc,MPH,and David R.Brown,Sc.D.“Re:Investigation of Reported Cancer among Soccer Players in Washington State.”March 9,2017. https://drive.google.com/file/d/194BxQ8gaL0_noQWJYpyYBj5ww2-FhNFU/view. Howie,Stephen.“Does Playing Soccer on Artificial Turf Increase Cancer Risk,Especially in Kids?”KUOW,NPR Network.February 8,2024. https://www.kuow.org/stories/does-playing-soccer-on-artificial-turf-increase-cancer-risk- especially-in-kids Kim,Hana.“State Dept.of Health Says Crumb Rubber Poses No Significant Risk to Public; Critics Call Findings Irresponsible.”FOX 13 Seattle.January 19,2017. https://www.fox13seattle.com/news/state-dept-of-health-says-crumb-rubber-poses-no-sig nificant-risk-to-public-critics-call-findings-irresponsible. Perkins,Tom.“Athletes Likely to Have Higher Levels of PFAS After Play on Artificial Turf - Study.”The Guardian.March 15,2024. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/mar/15/athletes-higher-pfas-levels-artifi cial-turf PFAS and Beyond:Toxicity Concerns in Synthetic Turf This section examines the toxic chemicals found in synthetic turf,including PFAS and the misleading 'PFAS-free'claims made by the industry.It also addresses other hazards like microplastics,heavy metals,and harmful compounds in crumb rubber,all of which pose environmental and health risks. Bennett,Kyla."Response to Questions -Portsmouth,New Hampshire Synthetic Turf Field Installation."Letter to Kimberly Henry,City Planner,City of Los Angeles.July 11,2023. https://drive.google.com/file/d/10ZQayc15_pUBkKXkhyh2ZxfNTtH7p7CY/view?usp=d rivesdk Bennett,representing Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER), critiques the Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR)for the Harvard-Westlake River Park Project in Los Angeles,highlighting concerns about the inadequate assessment of PFAS in artificial turf.The letter disputes the FEIR's dismissal of PFAS exposure risks, including the claim that drinking water is the primary route of exposure.Bennett provides evidence that PFAS are present in synthetic turf and that microplastics and crumb rubber, used as infill,pose environmental and health hazards,including cancer risks.The letter emphasizes the failure of the FEIR to consider the full scope of these issues and argues for the environmentally preferable alternative of natural grass. Collaborative for Health &Environment.“Environmental Health Impacts of Synthetic Turf and Safer Alternatives.”January 27,2022. https://www.healthandenvironment.org/che-webinars/96595. Ecology Center.“Toxic ‘Forever Chemicals’Infest Artificial Turf.”October 10,2019. https://www.ecocenter.org/toxic-forever-chemicals-infest-artificial-turf EHN Curators.“PFAS Found on Children’s Skin After Playing on Turf Fields.”Environmental Health News.August 26,2024. https://www.ehn.org/pfas-found-on-childrens-skin-after-playing-on-turf-fields-26690571 49.html Fořt,Jan,Klára Kobetičová,Martin Böhm,Jan Podlesný,Veronika Jelínková,Martina Vachtlová,Filip Bureš,and Robert Černý.“Environmental Consequences of Rubber Crumb Application:Soil and Water Pollution.”Polymers 14,no.7 (2022):1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14071416. Gaber,Nadia,Lisa Bero,and Tracey J.Woodruff.“The Devil They Knew:Chemical Documents Analysis of Industry Influence on PFAS Science.”Annals of Global Health 89,no.1 (2023).https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.4013. Gambacorta,David and Laker,Barbara.“City Officials Believed a New South Philly Turf Field was PFAS-Free.Not True,Experts Say.”The Philadelphia Inquirer.February 23,2024. https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/philadelphia-pfas-artificial-turf-field-murph y-recreation-20240223.html Gearhardt,Jefferey,Director of Research,The Ecology Center,Ann Arbor,MI.Letter to Portsmouth,NH City Council and Director of Finance and Administration.1 Jun 2020. https://nontoxicdovernh.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/june1_portsmouthpfas.pdf This letter,addressed to the Portsmouth City Council,discusses the challenges of accurately testing for PFAS in synthetic turf fibers.The author reports that,despite claims of PFAS-free turf,their research detected fluorine,a potential indicator of PFAS, in all nine synthetic turf fibers tested.One sample from the Tom Daubney Field in Portsmouth showed 79 parts per million (ppm)of fluorine,indicating the likely presence of PFAS,despite PFAS-free claims.The letter highlights concerns about the inadequacy of EPA Method 537.1,which is designed for water testing and does not detect all possible PFAS chemicals.The author advocates for more comprehensive testing methods to ensure accurate PFAS detection in synthetic turf. Li,Nan,Yun Liu,George D.Papandonatos,Antonia M.Calafat,Charles B.Eaton,Karl T. Kelsey,Kim M.Cecil et al.“Gestational and Childhood Exposure to Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Cardiometabolic Risk at Age 12 Years.”Environment International 147 (2021):106344.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106344. Huang,Qian’en,Jianqun Wang,Jianping Wang,Dongmei Yu,Yuanbo Zhan,and Ze Liu. “Emerging Health Risks of Crumb Rubber:Inhalation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals via Saliva During Artificial Turf Activities.”Environmental Science & Technology 57,no.50 (2023):21005–21015.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c03278. This study investigates the health risks associated with crumb rubber (CR)infill used in artificial turf,focusing on the presence of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs).The researchers found widespread CR particles and EPFRs in the air surrounding artificial turf fields,with levels increasing over time.Analysis of saliva samples from participants revealed the presence of EPFRs after exercising on the turf, indicating a potential inhalation pathway.The study suggests that exposure to CR with EPFRs could increase health risks by altering saliva composition and its oxidative potential,raising concerns about the safety of artificial turf infill. Kristen Mello.Email to Mayor Eachern,City of Portsmouth,NH Regarding Additional PFAS Testing of FieldTurf Vertex,Schmidt Shock Pad and SafeShell infill installed June 2021. July 5,2022. https://nontoxicdovernh.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/wraft-pfas-portsmo uthletter-5july2022.pdf The letter by Kristen Mello,M.Sc.in Analytical Chemistry,addresses concerns about PFAS contamination in synthetic turf materials,specifically referencing testing results from Portsmouth,New Hampshire.It details the findings of both known and unidentified PFAS compounds in various components of artificial turf,such as the Field Turf carpet, Schmitz Foam ProPlay pad,and Greentech Safeshell infill,with results showing the presence of multiple toxic chemicals including GenX,HFPO-DA,and other proprietary PFAS.These findings contradict industry claims that certain turf products are "PFAS free."The letter highlights the potential risks to public health and the environment, emphasizing the need for strict oversight and accountability from city officials,especially in holding contractors responsible for their promises of PFAS-free materials.In light of new EPA advisories that drastically reduce acceptable PFAS exposure levels,the letter urges city officials to take every measure to limit contamination and protect taxpayers from future costs related to turf field replacement,remediation,and disposal. Kristen Mello.Follow-up to 11/17/21 PFAS-Field Work Session.Email communication to Mayor Becksted,Council Member,City Manager,City Attorney.November 21,2021. https://docs.google.com/document/d/13kTZrbFrLulPcMF38pjR25tB3-2mbs_qcnirJmYy T5U/edit Messmer,Mindi F.,Jeffrey Salloway,Nawar Shara,Ben Locwin,Megan W.Harvey,and Nora Traviss.“Risk of Cancer in a Community Exposed to Per-and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances.”Environmental Health Insights 16 (2022):11786302221076707. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786302221076707. Mohammed,Atef MF,Inas A.Saleh,and Nasser M.Abdel-Latif.“Hazard Assessment Study on Organic Compounds and Heavy Metals from Using Artificial Turf.”Heliyon 9,no.4 (2023).https://www.cell.com/heliyon/pdf/S2405-8440(23)02135-7.pdf. The Egyptian study investigates the release of hazardous substances,including VOCs, PAHs,and heavy metals,from artificial turf as affected by sunlight exposure.It monitors VOC levels across different seasons and settings,including indoor and outdoor environments.The findings indicate elevated VOC levels during warmer seasons and highlight higher exposure risks for younger age groups (7–15 years)compared to others. While the hazard index (HI)values suggest no immediate non-carcinogenic risk,the study reports a high probability of cancer risk (R)for various age groups,particularly children,when exposed to artificial turf on football fields. Negev,Maya,Zohar Barnett-Itzhaki,Tamar Berman,Shay Reicher,Naor Cohen,Ruti Ardi, Yaniv Shammai,Tamar Zohar,and Miriam L.Diamond.“Hazardous Chemicals in Outdoor and Indoor Surfaces:Artificial Turf and Laminate Flooring.”Journal of Exposure Science &Environmental Epidemiology 32,no.3 (2022):392–99. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-021-00396-4. Negev et al.examine the presence of hazardous chemicals in synthetic surfaces,including artificial turf and laminate flooring,with a focus on trace metals,phthalates,and formaldehyde.The study,conducted in Israel,tested 46 samples of synthetic playground surfaces,artificial grass,and laminate flooring.Findings indicate that 72%of synthetic playground surfaces and synthetic grass samples exceeded international standards for trace metals,including lead,cadmium,and chromium.Although laminate flooring met formaldehyde standards,it contained DEHT,a chemical substitute for phthalates.The authors stress the need for stricter regulations in Israel to protect children from potential toxic exposure from these surfaces. Oh,Jiwon,Deborah H.Bennett,Antonia M.Calafat,Daniel Tancredi,Dorcas L.Roa,Rebecca J. Schmidt,Irva Hertz-Picciotto,and Hyeong-Moo Shin.“Prenatal Exposure to Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Association with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the MARBLES Study.”Environment International 147 (2021):106328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106328. Peaslee,Graham,Ph.D.“Dr.Graham Peaslee Addresses Portsmouth,NH Council.”June 16, 2020.https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=2785073858389781 Graham Peaslee,a professor of experimental nuclear physics at Notre Dame,originally focused his career on fundamental physics research and teaching.However,in 2005, when a lake near his home was discovered to be contaminated with chemicals from flame retardants,he shifted his focus to researching the prevalence of toxic chemicals.This led him into the intersection of science and policy,exploring the relationship between chemicals and human health.In a video presentation,he shares his expertise in total fluorine testing and emphasizes that PFAS (per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances)have been found in all synthetic turf fields examined to date,providing insights into the reasons behind this occurrence. Peaslee,Graham and Heather D.Whitehead.“Occurrences of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Plastic Products from Fluorinated Polymer Processing Aids.”2024. https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1oiwPKNrHCJd6-VzcFPKTNyCrjjmiwJeh/edit?u sp=sharing&ouid=106106732686023309618&rtpof=true&sd=true This is a pre-publication presentation in Government of the District of Columbia ANC (Advisory Neighborhood Commission)3/4G Single Member District 02.“Is Artificial Turf Safe for Our Kids and Our Environment?,"March 26,2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8xlCA9M8hI Dr.Peaslee from University of Notre Dame is the leading expert on PFAS in consumer products.In this first Zoom meeting in the series by ANC 3/4G looking at artificial turf, he shared his pre-publication study showing artificial turf is estimated to potentially contaminate 800,000 gallons of water with chemicals per field per year on average. Ragnarsdóttir,Oddný ,Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah,and Stuart Harrad.“Dermal Bioavailability of Perfluoroalkyl Substances Using in Vitro 3D Human Skin Equivalent Models,”Environment International.June,2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108772 A study of 17 commonly-used synthetic 'forever chemicals'has shown that these toxic substances can readily be absorbed through human skin. Rudiman,M,LaRossa,S.Response to Questions,Synthetic Turf Installation,Portsmouth,NH. Weston and Sampson Email Communication to S Woodward and P Rice,City of Portsmouth,NH with Response from Manufacturer FieldTurf (a Tarkett Company) Regarding Claims of PFAS Free Synthetic Turf.November 5,2021. https://drive.google.com/file/d/10gh1yicHXMAjyGYhc1fi5P1OjCQQCxP9/view?usp=dr ivesdk Weston &Sampson Engineers,Inc.respond to questions from Diana Carpinone regarding the synthetic turf field installation in Portsmouth,New Hampshire.The letter confirms that FieldTurf,the manufacturer of the synthetic turf,incorrectly claimed its product was "Fluorine Free."While the product met the project’s specifications for being PFAS-free based on existing standards,the letter acknowledges the possibility of fluorine presence in the natural environment and emphasizes the limitations of current testing technologies.The company conducted PFAS testing using EPA Method 537.1,but did not verify whether specific PFAS polymers,such as PTFE or PVDF,were used.This correspondence highlights the complexities and gaps in testing for fluorine-based compounds in synthetic turf materials. Rice,Peter (Director of Public Works,City of Portsmouth,NH).Updated Information Regarding Manufacturing Process and New Athletic Field.December 6,2021. https://nontoxicdovernh.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/portsmouth-pvdf-po lymer-memo-12-6-2021-.pdf Rickard,Brittany P.,Imran Rizvi,and Suzanne E.Fenton."Per-and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)and Female Reproductive Outcomes:PFAS Elimination,Endocrine-Mediated Effects,and Disease.”Toxicology 465 (2022):153031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2021.153031. Siegel,Kyle R.,Brooklynn R.Murray,Jeff Gearhart,and Christopher D.Kassotis."In Vitro Endocrine and Cardiometabolic Toxicity Associated with Artificial Turf Materials." Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,Wayne State University,Ecology Center.September 6,2024. This study examines the potential health risks of artificial turf materials,analyzing both new and weathered samples.The findings indicate that weathered turf samples had stronger effects on various hormone receptors,including androgen,estrogen,and thyroid receptors.Additionally,all turf extracts activated a receptor linked to toxin processing (AhR),with some causing heart cell toxicity in rats.These results raise concerns about the endocrine and cardiometabolic effects of artificial turf materials,warranting further investigation into their impact on human health. Tabuchi,Hiroko.“Lawyers to Plastics Makers:Prepare for ‘Astronomical’PFAS Lawsuits.” New York Times.May 28,2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/28/climate/pfas-forever-chemicals-industry-lawsuits.h tml Thomas,Liji.“ADHD Symptoms Linked to Early Childhood Exposure to Polyfluoroalkyl Substances.”News Medical Life Sciences.March 28,2023. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230328/ADHD-symptoms-linked-to-early-childho od-exposure-to-polyfluoroalkyl-substances.aspx. Toxic Use Reduction Institute.“Per-and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)in Artificial Turf Carpet.”February 2020. https://www.turi.org/publications/per-and-poly-fluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-in-artificial-tu rf-carpet-2/ This nonprofit report addresses the challenges in testing for PFAS (Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances)in artificial turf and other solid materials.It highlights the difficulty of detecting the full range of PFAS due to the vast number of chemicals in the class and the limitations of current testing methods,which are primarily developed for water rather than solid materials.The report suggests that the industry's claims of "PFAS-free"products can be misleading,as the absence of specific PFAS in tests does not confirm the absence of all PFAS.The use of Total Fluorine Analysis and TOP assays is recommended for a broader understanding of PFAS presence.Additionally,the report cites research that detected PFAS in artificial turf fibers and backing,including both short-chain and long-chain PFAS,raising concerns about their environmental impact and health risks. Also watch Dr.Kyla Bennett’s presentation in our webinar held on 4/30/24 for more on the industry’s claims on “PFAS-free.”As the Science Director of the non-profit PEER, Dr.Bennett and her team have been testing artificial turfs claimed by the industry as “PFAS-free.”None to date has lived up to the claim. Toxic Use Reduction Institute.“Playground Surfacing:Choosing Safer Materials for Children’s Health and the Environment.”December 2018. https://www.uml.edu/docs/Playground_surfacing_report_Dec2023_tcm18-377890.pdf. University of Birmingham.“New Study Confirms Forever Chemicals are Absorbed Through Human Skin.”Phys.Org.June 24,2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-06-chemicals-absorbed-human-skin.amp Issues with Plant-Based /Organic Infills Green,Laura C.Ph.D.,D.A.B.T.“Risks to Public Health from Chemicals Found in Brock Infill and in Soil at Playing Field.”January 12,2021. https://www.mvcommission.org/sites/default/files/docs/Laura%20Green%20Health%20R isk%20Assessment_Brockfill%20and%20MV%20Soils_Jan%2012_2021.pdf This presentation to Martha’s Vineyard Commission in MA by a synturf industry supporter Laura Green demonstrates the presence of PFAS in organic wood chip infills sold as BrockFill. Kristen Mello.Email to Mayor Eachern,City of Portsmouth,NH Regarding Additional PFAS Testing of FieldTurf Vertex,Schmidt Shock Pad and SafeShell infill installed June 2021. July 5,2022. https://nontoxicdovernh.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/wraft-pfas-portsmo uthletter-5july2022.pdf The letter by Kristen Mello,M.Sc.in Analytical Chemistry,addresses concerns about PFAS contamination in synthetic turf materials,specifically referencing testing results from Portsmouth,New Hampshire.It details the findings of both known and unidentified PFAS compounds in various components of artificial turf,such as the Field Turf carpet, Schmitz Foam ProPlay pad,and Greentech Safeshell infill,with results showing the presence of multiple toxic chemicals including GenX,HFPO-DA,and other proprietary PFAS.These findings contradict industry claims that certain turf products are "PFAS free."The letter highlights the potential risks to public health and the environment, emphasizing the need for strict oversight and accountability from city officials,especially in holding contractors responsible for their promises of PFAS-free materials.In light of new EPA advisories that drastically reduce acceptable PFAS exposure levels,the letter urges city officials to take every measure to limit contamination and protect taxpayers from future costs related to turf field replacement,remediation,and disposal. Massey,Rachel,Lindsey Pollard,and Homero Harari."Artificial Turf Infill:A Comparative Assessment of Chemical Contents."Journal of Hazardous Materials 30,no.1 (February 23,2020).https://doi.org/10.1177/1048291120906206. This study conducts a hazard-based comparison of tire crumb infill with other synthetic, plant-,and mineral-based alternatives used in artificial turf.The analysis reveals that no infill material is free of toxic chemicals,but some alternatives may pose a lower risk than tire crumb.However,certain alternative infills still contain chemicals of concern,albeit in smaller amounts.The authors encourage communities to consider all infill options, including organically managed natural grass,when selecting playing surfaces. Siegel,Kyle R.,Brooklynn R.Murray,Jeff Gearhart,and Christopher D.Kassotis."In Vitro Endocrine and Cardiometabolic Toxicity Associated with Artificial Turf Materials." Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,Wayne State University,Ecology Center.September 6,2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2024.104562 In this study,Siegel et al.(2024)investigate the endocrine and cardiometabolic toxicity of various artificial turf materials,including organic infills like Safe Shell and EnviroFill. The findings reveal that most non-weathered and weathered extracts significantly activated androgen receptors (AR),raising concerns about potential hormonal disruption.While Safe Shell was the only infill that did not reduce cell viability at high concentrations,it still activated AR,indicating potential endocrine risks.This research underscores the potential dangers of organic infills,which may pose similar health risks to traditional synthetic turf materials. Woelke,Dianne.“Greenwashing:Mineral and Plant Based Infills for Synthetic Turf Systems.” April 28,2000. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H6I28zSIjN080vXjwTHH5CHlFj1kIfFC/edit?usp =sharing&ouid=106106732686023309618&rtpof=true&sd=true Dianne Woelke,a founding board member of Safe and Healthy Playing Fields,discusses problems with mineral,organic and plant-based infills such as cork.See independently tested cork and walnut infills resulting positive for PFAS here,here,and here.This report by an award-winning Australian citizen journalist John Englart in 2021 also mentions 70%additional lifecycle carbon emissions with plant-based infills.Also see this 2023 study.Even a presentation by the industry to the Martha’s Vineyard Comission supports the presence of PFAS in plant-based infills. Issues with Filtration of Runoffs Brown,Erina,Anna MacDonald,Steve Allen,Deonie Allen.“The Potential for a Plastic Recycling Facility to Release Microplastic Pollution and Possible Filtration Remediation Effectiveness.”Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances.May 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2023.100309 The UK study shows that the filtration system installed at the plastic recycling facility is effective at removing the majority of microplastics larger than 5µm,with particularly high removal efficiencies for those larger than 40µm.However,the filtration is ineffective at removing microplastics smaller than 5µm,which are subsequently discharged into the environment.The recommendation for additional filtration indicates that the current system does not adequately address all microplastic pollution, particularly the smaller particles. Chand,Rupa,Lucian Iordachescu,Frida Bäckbom,Angelica Andreasson,Cecilia Bertholds, Emelie Pollack,Marziye Molazadeh,Claudia Lorenz,Asbjørn Haaning Nielsen,and Jes Vollertsen."Treating Wastewater for Microplastics to a Level on Par with Nearby Marine Waters."Water Research 256 (June 1,2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.121647. The Swedish study conducted at a wastewater treatment plant focuses on the retention of microplastics ranging from 10 to 500 µm.The plant's filtration system,which achieved a 99.98%removal efficiency,utilizes a combination of mechanical,biological,and chemical treatments,and includes rapid sand filtration with pore sizes ranging from 15 to 30 µm—much smaller than the 212-micron pore size proposed by Cornell’s filtration system.Their success is due to the integration of multiple processes,rather than relying solely on mechanical filtration. However,it's important to note that this study did not target or remove sub-micron nanoparticles,which the Korean TENG study addressed using an electrophoretic method (Park et al.,2022,below).A 212-micron pore size would allow many smaller microplastics and essentially all nanoplastics to pass through unfiltered.This is a significant limitation,especially given the concerns about these tiny particles in aquatic environments.Systems designed to remove such small particles,like the TENG system, operate on entirely different principles because traditional filtration alone isn’t enough at those scales. Cornell's system would primarily capture larger particles and debris but would not address the growing problem of microplastic and nanoparticle pollution,which is where the Korean TENG system proves more effective for smaller-sized contaminants (Park,et al,2022,below). Park,Byung-Geon,Cheoljae Lee,Young-Jun Kim,Jinhyoung Park,Hyeok Kim,Young Jung,Jong Soo Ko,Sang-Woo Kim,Ju-Hyuck Lee,Hanchul Cho.“Toxic Micro/Nano Particles Removal in Water via Triboelectric Nanogenerator.”Nano Energy,2022;100:107433 DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107433 This study demonstrates a new approach using a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)for removing micro-and sub-micron nanoparticles from water smaller than 1µm, leveraging an electrophoretic process driven by the electric field generated by the TENG. Even with the use of advanced materials like the porous-pyramid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)layer,the system achieved only a 21.4%removal rate.While this method represents progress in the field of microplastic remediation,it underscores significant limitations in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness for large-scale applications. Cornell's filtration proposal,discussed at the Ithaca City Planning Board meeting on 9/3/24,suggests using filters with its huge pore sizes of 0.212 mm (212µm),which are considerably larger than those used in the TENG system. Given that this advanced TENG system with smaller pores and electrical enhancement was only able to capture a fraction of microplastic pollutants,serious concerns arise about the efficacy of the filtration methods proposed by Cornell.It is questionable whether such a method will adequately address micro and nano plastic contamination from synthetic turf runoff. A screenshot from City of Ithaca Public Meetings.“08-12-2024 Project Review Committee.”August 12,2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANoPGiZIv2c&t=855s Rather than relying on ineffective filtration,it would be far more responsible to critically evaluate and reduce the sources of unnecessary plastic pollution—such as synthetic turf—which contributes significantly to the problem.Cornell’s current plan falls short of effectively mitigating environmental risks,given the evidence of limited success even with more sophisticated technologies. Silva,Ana L.P.,Joana C.Prata,Armando C.Duarte,Amadeu M.V.M.Soares,Damià Barceló, Teresa Rocha-Santos.“Microplastics in Landfill Leachates:The Need for Reconnaissance Studies and Remediation Technologies.”Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering.June 2021.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100072 This study highlights how microplastics and nanoplastics in landfill leachates contribute to the increased leaching of plastic additives,such as plasticizers,and facilitate the adsorption/desorption of hazardous chemicals and pathogens in water.The presence of these plastics raises significant concerns about environmental and human health impacts. Chemicals from plastics,including PFAS,BPA,cadmium,mercury,and lead,are often water-soluble and persistent,making them difficult to remove from water systems with mechanical filtration.As plastics degrade,their surface area increases,accelerating the release of harmful substances.The authors stress the importance of developing remediation technologies to address these threats. Issues of Air Emission There is growing research and concern on airborne microplastics pollution and that synthetic turf has been identified as one source for this pollution.Here are some very recent researches on airborne transport of microplastics. Abad López,Angela Patricia,Jorge Trilleras,Victoria A.Arana,Luz Stella Garcia-Alzate,and Carlos David Grande-Tovar."Atmospheric Microplastics:Exposure,Toxicity,and Detrimental Health Effects."RSC Advances 13 (March 2023):7468-7489. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA07098G Abad López et al.provide a comprehensive review of the sources,transport mechanisms, and health impacts of airborne microplastics (MPs).The authors emphasize how MPs, due to their low density,can accumulate and be transported in the atmosphere,leading to human exposure through inhalation and ingestion.The review highlights the potential toxicity of MPs based on their physical characteristics,chemical composition,and environmental interactions.The authors call for further research into the health implications of airborne MPs exposure and advocate for policies to mitigate plastic pollution.This study is particularly relevant for understanding the contribution of synthetic materials,such as artificial turf,to microplastic pollution in the air. Aini,Sofi Azilan,Achmad Syafiuddin,and Grace-Anne Bent."The Presence of Microplastics in Air Environment and Their Potential Impacts on Health."Environmental and Toxicology Management 2,no.1 (2022):31-39. https://103.106.72.77/index.php/ETM/article/download/2900/1663 Aini et al.present a literature review on the presence of microplastics (MPs)in the air, addressing the lack of previous research in this area compared to water pollution.The authors review 16 studies,which highlight the prevalence of airborne MPs,particularly fibers,due to their lightness and thread-like shape that allows them to be easily carried by wind.The review also identifies three main pathways for MPs to enter the human body:inhalation,ingestion through seafood and bottled water,and contamination of various food products. Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL).Breathing Plastic:The Health Impacts of Invisible Plastics in the Air.March 2023. https://www.ciel.org/reports/airborne-microplastics-briefing/ The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL)report Breathing Plastic provides a detailed analysis of the health impacts of airborne microplastics and nanoplastics.The review highlights the risks posed by inhaling these particles as they move through the air,emphasizing that rising plastic production will lead to an increase in airborne microplastic emissions and toxic chemical exposure.The report calls for a significant reduction in plastic production and the phasing out of hazardous chemicals. The footnotes at the end of the report are current and highly valuable. In this context,Cornell’s plans to purchase and install synthetic turf fields,which contribute to plastic production,will not help curtail the air pollution caused by microplastics,further exacerbating the environmental and public health crisis.We also note that Cornell’s plans to install synthetic turf field inside of an indoor fieldhouse,raise concerns about student athletes'exposure to airborne microplastics,potentially posing significant health risks. Huang,Qian’en,Jianqun Wang,Jianping Wang,Dongmei Yu,Yuanbo Zhan,and Ze Liu. “Emerging Health Risks of Crumb Rubber:Inhalation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals via Saliva During Artificial Turf Activities.”Environmental Science & Technology 57,no.50 (2023):21005–21015.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c03278. This study investigates the health risks associated with crumb rubber (CR)infill used in artificial turf,focusing on the presence of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs).The researchers found widespread CR particles and EPFRs in the air surrounding artificial turf fields,with levels increasing over time.Analysis of saliva samples from participants revealed the presence of EPFRs after exercising on the turf, indicating a potential inhalation pathway.The study suggests that exposure to CR with EPFRs could increase health risks by altering saliva composition and its oxidative potential,raising concerns about the safety of artificial turf infill. Mehmood,Tariq,and Licheng Peng."Polyethylene Scaffold Net and Synthetic Grass Fragmentation:A Source of Microplastics in the Atmosphere?"Journal of Hazardous Materials 429 (May 2022):128391.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128391 Mehmood and Peng explore the growing concern surrounding microplastics (MPs)in urban atmospheres,particularly focusing on polyethylene (PE),which dominates ambient MPs in China’s megacities.They investigate the sources of airborne PE,such as scaffold netting and synthetic grass used in construction and land covering.These materials,often made from recycled plastic and exposed to open air,are prone to degradation and fragmentation,contributing to atmospheric pollution.The authors emphasize the health risks associated with PE exposure in urban air and highlight the need for regulation to mitigate these risks.This study offers insights into the overlooked role of synthetic grass and construction materials as significant contributors to airborne microplastics. Independent Test Results for PFAS Non-Toxic Dover,Non-Toxic Portsmouth.Public Records Request Confirms PFAS in Synthetic Turf:Turf Fiber Report Release.Non-Toxic Dover (Dover,New Hampshire).October 18,2019. https://nontoxicdovernh.files.wordpress.com/2020/03/turf-fiber-test-results-sprint-turf-1.p df Non-Toxic Dover,Non-Toxic Portsmouth.Public Records Request Confirms PFAS in Synthetic Turf:Turf Backing Report Release.Non-Toxic Dover (Dover,New Hampshire). November 12,2019. https://nontoxicdovernh.files.wordpress.com/2020/03/turf-backing-test-results-sprint-turf. pdf Berghaus,E.Declaration for FieldTurf/Tarkett Sports Regarding the Manufacturing of Artificial Turf Filaments.Letter sent to City of Portsmouth,NH.October 22,2019. https://nontoxicdovernh.files.wordpress.com/2020/03/met-pfas-statement-fieldturf-1.pdf Gearhardt,Jefferey,Director of Research,The Ecology Center,Ann Arbor,MI.Letter to Portsmouth,NH City Council and Director of Finance and Administration.1 Jun 2020. https://nontoxicdovernh.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/june1_portsmouthpfas.pdf This letter,addressed to the Portsmouth City Council,discusses the challenges of accurately testing for PFAS in synthetic turf fibers.The author reports that,despite claims of PFAS-free turf,their research detected fluorine,a potential indicator of PFAS, in all nine synthetic turf fibers tested.One sample from the Tom Daubney Field in Portsmouth showed 79 parts per million (ppm)of fluorine,indicating the likely presence of PFAS,despite PFAS-free claims.The letter highlights concerns about the inadequacy of EPA Method 537.1,which is designed for water testing and does not detect all possible PFAS chemicals.The author advocates for more comprehensive testing methods to ensure accurate PFAS detection in synthetic turf. Galbraith Laboratories.PFAS results.11 year old FieldTurf Duraspine Playing Field, Portsmouth,NH (Final item only;other items tested were other consumer products). February 21,2022. https://nontoxicdovernh.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/totalflabreport120355.pdf Galbraith Laboratories.PFAS results.FieldTurf Vertex with Schmidt shock pad and Safeshell (walnut)infill.June 2021 Installation.July 23,2021. https://nontoxicdovernh.files.wordpress.com/2021/09/pfas-testing-721-galbraith-cc-samp les.pdf Rudiman,M,LaRossa,S.Response to Questions,Synthetic Turf Installation,Portsmouth,NH. Weston and Sampson Email Communication to S Woodward and P Rice,City of Portsmouth,NH with Response from Manufacturer FieldTurf (a Tarkett Company) Regarding Claims of PFAS Free Synthetic Turf.November 5,2021. https://drive.google.com/file/d/10gh1yicHXMAjyGYhc1fi5P1OjCQQCxP9/view?usp=dr ivesdk Weston &Sampson Engineers,Inc.respond to questions from Diana Carpinone regarding the synthetic turf field installation in Portsmouth,New Hampshire.The letter confirms that FieldTurf,the manufacturer of the synthetic turf,incorrectly claimed its product was "Fluorine Free."While the product met the project’s specifications for being PFAS-free based on existing standards,the letter acknowledges the possibility of fluorine presence in the natural environment and emphasizes the limitations of current testing technologies.The company conducted PFAS testing using EPA Method 537.1,but did not verify whether specific PFAS polymers,such as PTFE or PVDF,were used.This correspondence highlights the complexities and gaps in testing for fluorine-based compounds in synthetic turf materials. Same Product as for Portsmouth: Bennett,Kyla."Response to Questions -Portsmouth,New Hampshire Synthetic Turf Field Installation."Letter to Kimberly Henry,City Planner,City of Los Angeles.July 11, 2023. https://drive.google.com/file/d/10ZQayc15_pUBkKXkhyh2ZxfNTtH7p7CY/view?usp=d rivesdk Bennett,representing Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER), critiques the Final Environmental Impact Report (FEIR)for the Harvard-Westlake River Park Project in Los Angeles,highlighting concerns about the inadequate assessment of PFAS in artificial turf.The letter disputes the FEIR's dismissal of PFAS exposure risks, including the claim that drinking water is the primary route of exposure.Bennett provides evidence that PFAS are present in synthetic turf and that microplastics and crumb rubber, used as infill,pose environmental and health hazards,including cancer risks.The letter emphasizes the failure of the FEIR to consider the full scope of these issues and argues for the environmentally preferable alternative of natural grass. FieldTurf.Warranty and Certification,“Free of PFAS,PFOS,Fluorine.”April 7,2021. https://drive.google.com/file/d/15eNMZ4T0KuNGIzVzErHQ-u-_lA8084XU/view?usp=d rivesdk Mello,Kristin.Follow-up to 11/17/21 PFAS-Field Work Session.Email communication to Mayor Becksted,Council Member,City Manager,City Attorney.Nov 21,2021. https://docs.google.com/document/d/13kTZrbFrLulPcMF38pjR25tB3-2mbs_qcnirJmYy T5U/edit Whipple,John (NHDES MtBE Remediation Bureau).Portsmouth -Sagamore Creek Surface Water Sampling,DES #202111042,Project #40379,Project Type EMCONFUND.December 3,2021. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GMM5IEW_6NuP4rNfRoy0U0ujprnjOK57/view?usp=d rivesdk Rice,Peter (Director of Public Works,City of Portsmouth,NH).Updated Information Regarding Manufacturing Process and New Athletic Field.December 6,2021. https://nontoxicdovernh.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/portsmouth-pvdf-po lymer-memo-12-6-2021-.pdf Microplastics and Public Health,and More Toxic Substances in Plastics De Haan,William P.,Rocío Quintana,César Vilas,Andrés Cózar,Miquel Canals,Oriol Uviedo, and Anna Sanchez-Vidal.“The Dark Side of Artificial Greening:Plastic Turfs as Widespread Pollutants of Aquatic Environments.”Environmental Pollution 334 (2023): 122094.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122094. This Barcelona study found that up to 15%of the larger microplastic pieces in the environment come from artificial turf.This significant fiber loss contributed to the University of California,Santa Barbara's decision to choose natural grass over artificial turf,supported by the California Coastal Commission,on December 13,2023. Ducroquet,Simon,Shannon Osaka.“The Plastics We Breathe.”The Washington Post.June 10, 2024. https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/interactive/2024/microplastics-air -human-body-organs-spread/ “Every time you take a breath,you could be inhaling microplastics.Scroll to see how tiny and dangerously invasive they can be.” EHN Curators."Microplastics Found in Brain Tissue in New Study."Environmental Health News,September 18,2024. https://www.ehn.org/microplastics-found-in-brain-tissue-in-new-study-2669221476.html Gewin,Virginia.“Tracking Tire Plastics -and Chemicals -From Road to Plate”Civil Eats,July 16,2024. https://civileats.com/2024/07/16/tracking-tire-plastics-and-chemicals-from-road-to-plate/ Ginsberg,Gary,Brian Toal,and Tara Kurland.“Benzothiazole Toxicity Assessment in Support of Synthetic Turf Field Human Health Risk Assessment.”Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,Part A 74,no.17 (2011):1175–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2011.586943. Gore,Andrea C.,Michele A.La Merrill,Heather Patisaul,and Robert M.Sargis.“Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Threats to Human Health:Pesticides,Plastics,Forever Chemicals, and Beyond.”Endocrine Society.February 2024. https://ipen.org/sites/default/files/documents/edc_report-2024-final-compressed.pdf. Hua,Jing Martin Lundqvist,Shanti Naidu,Mikael T.Ekvall,Tommy Cedervall.“Environmental Risks of Breakdown Nanoplastics from Synthetic Football Fields.”Environmental Pollution.April,2024.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123652. This study investigates the health risks associated with synthetic turf,focusing on the detection and toxicity of nanoplastics in drainage water from a synthetic football field. The research found trace amounts of nanoplastics from EPDM granules,which exhibited high toxicity to aquatic organisms.These findings underscore the urgent need for further research into the harmful effects of nanoplastics from synthetic turf surfaces. Negev,Maya,Zohar Barnett-Itzhaki,Tamar Berman,Shay Reicher,Naor Cohen,Ruti Ardi, Yaniv Shammai,Tamar Zohar,and Miriam L.Diamond.“Hazardous Chemicals in Outdoor and Indoor Surfaces:Artificial Turf and Laminate Flooring.”Journal of Exposure Science &Environmental Epidemiology 32,no.3 (2022):392–399. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-021-00396-4. Kozlove,Max.“Microplastics Linked to Heart Attack,Stroke and Death.”Scientific American (Reprinted from Nature magazine).March 9,2024. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/microplastics-linked-to-heart-attack-stroke-an d-death/ Levine,Hagai,Niels Jørgensen,Anderson Martino-Andrade,Jaime Mendiola,Dan Weksler-Derri,Maya Jolles,Rachel Pinotti,and Shanna H.Swan.“Temporal Trends in Sperm Count:A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of Samples Collected Globally in the 20th and 21st Centuries."Human Reproduction Update 29,no.2 (2023): 157–76.https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmac035. Main,Douglas.“Microplastics are infiltrating brain tissue,studies show:‘There’s nowhere left untouched.’”Guardian.August 21,2024. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/aug/21/microplastics-brain-pollut ion-health?CMP=fb_gu&ai=#Echobox=1724256011 Martin Wagner,Laura Monclús,Hans Peter H.Arp,Ksenia J.Groh,Mari E.Løseth,Jane Muncke,Zhanyun Wang,Raoul Wolf,and Lisa Zimmermann.“State of the Science on Plastic Chemicals:Identifying and Addressing Chemicals and Polymers of Concern.” PlastChem.2024.http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10701706. Meegoda,J.N.,and M.C.Hettiarachchi."A Path to a Reduction in Micro and Nanoplastics Pollution."International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20,no.8 (April 18,2023):5555.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085555. Meegoda and Hettiarachchi outline the growing problem of microplastic (MP)and nanoplastic pollution,identifying artificial turf as one of the contributing sources of MPs. The authors emphasize the challenges of removing MPs from the environment and stress that source reduction is one of the most effective strategies for protecting human health and the environment. Murphy,Maire,Genoa R.Warner.“Health Impacts of Artificial Turf:Toxicity Studies, Challenges,and Future Directions.”Environmental Pollution.October 1,2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119841 Project TENDR.“Protecting the Developing Brains of Children from the Harmful Effects of Plastics and Toxic Chemicals in Plastics.”April 2024. https://projecttendr.thearc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Project-TENDR_Plastics-Brie fing-Paper_April-2024.pdf. Sankaran,Vishwam.“Massive New Study Uncovers Over 4,000 Toxic Chemicals in Plastic.” Independent.March 15,2024. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/plastic-toxic-chemicals-health-effects-b251 3082.html Sankaran,Vishwam.“Drinking from Plastic Bottles Can Raise Type 2 Diabetes Risk,Study Warns.”Independent.June 25,2024. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/plastic-bottles-microplastics -diabetes-risk-b2568246.html Silva,Ana L.P.,Joana C.Prata,Armando C.Duarte,Amadeu M.V.M.Soares,Damià Barceló, Teresa Rocha-Santos.“Microplastics in Landfill Leachates:The Need for Reconnaissance Studies and Remediation Technologies.”Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering.June 2021.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100072 This study highlights how microplastics and nanoplastics in landfill leachates contribute to the increased leaching of plastic additives,such as plasticizers,and facilitate the adsorption/desorption of hazardous chemicals and pathogens in water.The presence of these plastics raises significant concerns about environmental and human health impacts. Chemicals from plastics,including PFAS,BPA,cadmium,mercury,and lead,are often water-soluble and persistent,making them difficult to remove from water systems even with filtration.As plastics degrade,their surface area increases,accelerating the release of harmful substances.The authors stress the importance of developing remediation technologies to address these threats. Tarafdar,Abhrajyoti,Min-Ju Oh,Quynh Nguyen-Phuong,and Jung-Hwan Kwon.“Profiling and Potential Cancer Risk Assessment on Children Exposed to PAHs in Playground Dust/Soil:A Comparative Study on Poured Rubber Surfaced and Classical Soil Playgrounds in Seoul.”Environmental Geochemistry and Health.May 27,2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00334-2 This Korean study found that children who play on used tire crumb playgrounds, commonly referred to as PIP (poured in place),are 10 times more likely to develop cancer than those who played on soil surfaces. Woelke,Dianne.“Greenwashing:Mineral and Plant Based Infills for Synthetic Turf Systems.” April 28,2000. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H6I28zSIjN080vXjwTHH5CHlFj1kIfFC/edit?usp =sharing&ouid=106106732686023309618&rtpof=true&sd=true Dianne Woelke,a board member of Safe and Healthy Playing Fields,discusses problems with mineral,organic and plant-based infills such as cork.See independently tested cork and walnut infills resulting positive for PFAS here,here,and here.This report by an award-winning Australian citizen journalist John Englart in 2021 also mentions 70% additional off-gassing with plant-based infills.Also see this 2023 study.Even a presentation by the industry to the Martha’s Vineyard Comission supports the presence of PFAS in plant-based infills. Zhu,Xia,Matthew J.Hoffman,and Chelsea M.Rochman.“A City-Wide Emissions Inventory of Plastic Pollution.”Environmental Science &Technology.February 1,2024. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c04348 This study provides a comprehensive framework for quantifying plastic emissions in urban environments,with a case study focusing on Toronto,Canada.Notably,it identifies artificial turf as the largest contributor to microplastic pollution in the city,emitting 237 tonnes in 2020—surpassing other sources,including clothing.The research highlights the importance of targeting synthetic turf in microplastic reduction strategies and recommends scaling this measurement framework globally to track progress toward reducing plastic pollution. Environmental Justice and Plastic Lifecycle Barton,J,Rogerson,M.“The Importance of Greenspace for Mental Health.”BJPsych International.November 1,2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5663018/ Butler,Megan.“Panel Asked to Hold Georgia’s ‘Carpet Capital’Liable for Contaminated Drinking Water.”Courthouse News Service.September 13,2022. https://www.courthousenews.com/panel-asked-to-hold-georgias-carpet-capital-liable-for- contaminated-drinking-water/. Beyond Plastics.“Environmental Justice:How and Why Plastic Threatens Environmental Justice.”https://www.beyondplastics.org/fact-sheets/environmental-justice. Beyond Plastics.“The Real Truth About the U.S.Plastics Recycling Rate.”May 2022. https://www.beyondplastics.org/publications/us-plastics-recycling-rate. Bruggers,James.“Who Said Recycling Was Green?It Makes Microplastics by the Ton.”Inside Climate News.May 16,2023. https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16052023/recycling-plastic-microplastics-waste/. Lakhani,Nina.“Millions of Americans Lack Access to Quality Parks,Report Reveals Low-income Households and People of Color in Cities Are Least Likely to Live Near Decent Green Spaces.”The Guardian.May 20,2020. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/may/20/park-inequality-access-coronavi rus-wellbeing Devon C.Payne-Sturges,Tanya Khemet Taiwo,Kristie Ellickson,Haley Mullen,Nedelina Tchangalova,Laura Anderko,Aimin Chen,and Maureen Swanson.“Disparities in Toxic Chemical Exposures and Associated Neurodevelopmental Outcomes:A Scoping Review and Systematic Evidence Map of the Epidemiological Literature”Environmental Health Perspectives.July 29,2023.https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11750 This scoping review examines disparities in neurodevelopmental outcomes among children from marginalized communities,focusing on exposure to neurotoxicants like air pollution,lead,and pesticides.The findings reveal that children from low-income and racial or ethnic minority backgrounds are disproportionately affected by these harmful exposures,which has significant implications for environmental justice.The review underscores the need for targeted interventions and policy changes to address both the chemical exposures and the social inequities that contribute to these health disparities. Dong,Yuping,Helin Liu,and Tianming Zheng.2021."The Impacts of Green Space Structure on Asthma in Toronto,Canada"Medical Sciences Forum 4,no.1:6. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECERPH-3-09123 Englart,John.“Natural Grass or Synthetic Turf?What are the Total Life Cycle Emission Profiles.”Climate Action Merri-Bek.February 28,2021. https://climateactionmoreland.org/2021/02/28/natural-grass-or-synthetic-turf-what-are-th e-total-life-cycle-emission-profiles/ GAIA.“Environmental Justice Principles for Fast Action on Waste and Methane.”2024. https://www.no-burn.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/environmental-justice-principles-E N-single-pages.pdf. Lannaman,Mark.“City of Calhoun Sued over PFAS in Drinking Water.”Saporta Report.April 3,2024.https://saportareport.com/city-of-calhoun-sued-over-pfas-in-drinking-water. Larker,Barber,and David Gambacorta.“‘Forever Fields’:How Pennsylvania Became a Dumping Ground for Discarded Artificial Turf.”The Philadelphia Inquirer.December 13,2023. https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/artificial-turf-pfas-rematch-pennsylvania-d umping-ground-20231213.html. Larker,Barber,and David Gambacorta.“‘Risky Play:A Stew of Toxic Chemicals Lurks in Artificial Turf.Some Experts Worry They Could be Linked to Cancer in Young Athletes.”The Philadelphia Inquirer.February 20,2024. https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/inq2/pfas-artificial-turf-cancer-athletes-pen nsylvania-nj-20240220.html#loaded In their article on the potential health risks associated with artificial turf,Larker,Barber, and Gambacorta discuss the various arguments surrounding its use.One of the more provocative points raised is highlighted in the following quote by Danni Moriwich,Danni Morinich,a green space advocate and urban forager:“One of [the arguments]they’re pushing is,if you’re against this master plan,then you’re against Black and brown kids having a safe place to play,”she said.“As a Black woman,that really boils my potatoes.” Lundstrom,Marjie.“Artificial Turf,Touted as Recycling Fix for Millions of Scrap Tires, Becomes Mounting Disposal Mess.”Salon.December 21,2019. https://www.salon.com/2019/12/21/artificial-turf-touted-as-recycling-fix-for-millions-of-s crap-tires-becomes-mounting-disposal-mess_partner/. Mathes,Carter.Letter to Lieutenant Governor Sheila Oliver Requesting Her Support to Keep Columbian Park a Green Space.Rise Up East Orange [NJ],Building a Stronger Chocolate City.September 15,2021.https://eastorangenj.wordpress.com NRCD.“New NRDC ‘Chemical Recycling’Analysis:Process is Harmful,Misleading,Not Solving Plastic Pollution.”March 7,2022. https://www.nrdc.org/press-releases/new-nrdc-chemical-recycling-analysis-process-harmf ul-misleading-not-solving-plastic. Phillips,Anna.“Texans Sued Exxon over Pollution 13 Years Ago.A Big Decision Now Looms.” The Washington Post.March 16,2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/03/15/exxon-pollution-laws uit-baytown-texas//. The Exxon complex in the Baytown and Houston,TX area has a new controversial chemical recycling plant which processes plastics,including artificial turfs,supplied by a recycling company Tencate.For more information,watch Dr.Neil Carman’s presentation in our webinar held on 4/30.Dr.Carman served as the staff leader in the lawsuit against Exxon Mobile complex in Baytown,TX for twelve years. Stoett,Peter,Vitória M.Scrich,Carla I.Elliff,Mariana M.Andrade,Natalia de M.Grilli, Alexander Turra,“Global Plastic Pollution,Sustainable Development,and Plastic Justice, World Development.”World Development.December 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2024.106756. This article discusses the detrimental impact of plastic pollution on sustainable development and the UN Sustainable Development Goals,highlighting the lack of sufficient indicators to monitor progress.It introduces "plastic justice"as a critical framework to address plastic pollution as both a human rights and environmental justice issue,advocating for equitable solutions to this global crisis. Weir,Kirsten.“Nurtured by Nature.”American Psychological Association.April 1,2020. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2020/04/nurtured-nature “Psychological research is advancing our understanding of how time in nature can improve our mental health and sharpen our cognition.” Wertheim,Jon.“With Hotter Temperatures Come More Football Deaths:And Black High School Players are Disproportionately Affected.”Sports Illustrated.October 7,2022. https://www.si.com/high-school/2022/10/07/football-climate-change-daily-cover Younan D,Tuvblad C,Li L,Wu J,Lurmann F,Franklin M,Berhane K,McConnell R,Wu AH, Baker LA,Chen JC.“Environmental Determinants of Aggression in Adolescents:Role of Urban Neighborhood Greenspace.”Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.July 2016.doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.002. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27343886/ Failure of Plastic Recycling,“Advanced”Chemical Recycling,and Plastic Turfs Beyond Plastics.“New Reports Reveals that U.S.Plastics Recycling Rate Has Fallen to 5%-6%.”May 4,2022. https://www.beyondplastics.org/press-releases/the-real-truth-about-plastics-recycling Beyond Plastics.“Report:Chemical Recycling:A Dangerous Deception.”October 2023. https://www.beyondplastics.org/publications/chemical-recycling Brown,Erina,Anna MacDonald,Steve Allen,Deonie Allen.“The Potential for a Plastic Recycling Facility to Release Microplastic Pollution and Possible Filtration Remediation Effectiveness.”Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances.May 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2023.100309 The study shows that the filtration system installed at the plastic recycling facility is effective at removing the majority of microplastics larger than 5µm,with particularly high removal efficiencies for those larger than 40µm.However,the filtration is ineffective at removing microplastics smaller than 5µm,which are subsequently discharged into the environment.The recommendation for additional filtration indicates that the current system does not adequately address all microplastic pollution, particularly the smaller particles. Brock,Joe,Valerie Volcovici,and John Geddie.“The Recycling Myth:Big Oil’s Solution for Plastic Waste Littered with Failure.”Reuters Investigates,July 29,2021. https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/environment-plastic-oil-recycling/ ExxonMobil.“ExxonMobil Starts Large Operations at Large-Scaled Advanced Recycling Facility.”December 14,2022. https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/news/news-releases/2022/1214_exxonmobil-starts-ope rations-at-large-scale-advanced-recycling-facility. Geueke B,Phelps DW,Parkinson LV,Muncke J.Hazardous Chemicals in Recycled and Reusable Plastic Food Packaging.Cambridge Prisms:Plastics.May 22,2023. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-prisms-plastics/article/hazardous-ch emicals-in-recycled-and-reusable-plastic-food-packaging/BBDE514AAFE9F1ABB3D67 7927B343342 This review examines the health risks linked to reusing and recycling plastics,especially in food packaging,and highlights that recycled plastics may pose greater dangers than virgin plastics.It discusses how hazardous chemicals,including endocrine disruptors and carcinogens,can be released during reuse or accumulate during recycling,making recycled plastics potentially more toxic.The study draws on data from the FCCmigex database,which includes over 800 scientific publications on plastic food contact materials (FCMs).The findings raise significant concerns about the safety of recycled plastics in food contact applications. Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives.“5 Things Plastic Polluters Don’t Want You to Know about Chemical Recycling.”2021. https://www.no-burn.org/resources/5-things-plastic-polluters-dont-want-you-to-know-abo ut-chemical-recycling/ Greenpeace.“Circular Claims Fall Flat:Comprehensive U.S.Survey of Plastics Recyclability.” February 18,2020. https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/research/report-circular-claims-fall-flat/ Greenpeace.“New Greenpeace Report Calls Out Toxic Hazards of Recycled Plastic as Global Plastics Treaty Negotiations Resume in Paris.”May 24,2023. https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/new-greenpeace-report-calls-out-toxic-hazards-of-r ecycled-plastic-as-global-plastics-treaty-negotiations-resume-in-paris/ Hahladakis,John N.,Costas A.Velis,Roland Weber,Eleni Tacovidou,Phil Purnell.“An Overview of Chemical Additives Present in Plastics:Migration,Release,Fate and Environmental Impact During Their Use,Disposal and Recycling.”Journal of Hazardous Materials.February 15,2018. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438941730763X?via%3Dihub Hahn,Jennifer.“Recycled Plastics Often Contain More Toxic Chemicals Says Greenpeace.” DeZeen.May 26,2023. https://www.dezeen.com/2023/05/26/recycled-plastics-greenpeace-report/ Kaufman,Leslie.“The Warehouses of Plastic Behind TerraCycle’s Recycling Dream.” Bloomberg.October 27,2022. https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2022-terracycle-tom-szaky/ Larker,Barber,and David Gambacorta.“‘Forever Fields’:How Pennsylvania Became a Dumping Ground for Discarded Artificial Turf.”The Philadelphia Inquirer.December 13,2023. https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/artificial-turf-pfas-rematch-pennsylvania-d umping-ground-20231213.html. Metzger,Luke.“Exxon Calls It a Recycling Collaboration.But It’s Not Real Recycling.” Environment Texas.May 9,2024. https://environmentamerica.org/texas/articles/exxon-calls-it-a-recycling-collaboration-but -its-not-real-recycling/ McVeigh,Karen.“Recycling Can Release Huge Quantities of Microplastics,Study Finds.”The Guardian,May 23,2023. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/23/recycling-can-release-huge-qua ntities-of-microplastics-study-finds The study suggests the recycling plant discharged up to 2,933 metric tonnes of microplastics a year before the filtration system was introduced,and up to 1,366 metric tonnes afterwards. NL Times.“Large Fire at Brabant Artificial Turf Company.”October 12,2018. https://nltimes.nl/2018/10/12/large-fire-brabant-artificial-turf-company Noor,Dharna.“Shell Quietly Backs Away from Pledge to Increase ‘Advanced Recycling’of Plastics.”The Guardian.July 17,2024 https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/jul/17/shell-recycling-plastic-pledge “Energy giant promised to turn 1m tonnes of plastic waste into oil each year,but now says the goal is unfeasible.” Philips,Anna.“Toxic Air Explosions:Inside the Bitter Battle between Texas Residents and Exxon:Residents of Baytown Sued Exxon 13 Years Ago to Reduce Pollution that Wafts into Their Neighborhoods.A Key Legal Decision Looms,and the Case Could Have National Implications.”The Washington Post.March 16,2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/03/15/exxon-pollution-laws uit-baytown-texas/ The Exxon complex in the Baytown and Houston,TX area has a new controversial chemical recycling plant which processes plastics,including artificial turfs,supplied by a recycling company Tencate.For more information,watch Dr.Neil Carman’s presentation in our webinar held on 4/30/24.Dr.Carman served as the staff leader in the lawsuit against Exxon Mobile complex in Baytown,TX for twelve years. Plastic Pollution Coalition.“What Really Happens to Your Plastic ‘Recycling.’”May 16,2022. https://www.plasticpollutioncoalition.org/blog/2022/5/16/what-really-happens-to-your-pl astic-recycling Plastic Pollution Coalition.““Advanced Recycling”is Not a Solution to Plastic Pollution.” August 31,2022. https://www.plasticpollutioncoalition.org/blog/2022/8/31/advanced-recycling-truths Plastic Pollution Coalition.“PPC Webinar |Greenwashing 2.0:Debunking Recycling Myths.” June 5,2024.https://www.plasticpollutioncoalition.org/event/ppc-webinar-060524 Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility.“False Artificial Turf Recycling Claims Ripped.”March 7,2022.https://peer.org/false-artificial-turf-recycling-claims-ripped/. Song,Lisa.“Selling a Mirage:The Delusion of Advanced Plastic Recycling Using Pyrolysis.” ProPublica.June 20,2024. https://www.propublica.org/article/delusion-advanced-chemical-plastic-recycling-pyrolys is Bans,Moratoriums,Municipal Recommendations City of Los Angeles Council,Energy and Environment Committee.“Motion.” https://clkrep.lacity.org/onlinedocs/2024/24-0602_misc_5-24-24.pdf Houghton,Sam.“Health Board Bans Artificial Playing Fields:The Ban in Oak Bluffs Stops Short of Restricting the High School from Building a Track.”MV Times.Martha’s Vineyard,MA.April 23,2024. https://www.mvtimes.com/2024/04/23/health-board-bans-artificial-playing-fields/ Mertes,Chris.“Council Rejects Athletic Field Rezoning:District Urged to Refine Plan,Leave Out Fake Turf.”Middleton-Cross Plains Times-Tribune.Wisconsin.May 16,2024. https://drive.google.com/drive/u/2/folders/1fZo890UHGNVDHJJFyEwmD-iYK-74QqKx Municipality of Princeton.“Princeton Environmental Commission’s Artificial Turf -Not A Sound Financial,Environmental,or Just Investment.”December,2021. https://www.princetonnj.gov/DocumentCenter/View/9205/Princeton-Environmental-Com mission-Artificial-Turf-Report-Dec-2021-PDF- Sharp,Julie.“LA Council Committee Moves Synthetic Grass Ban Proposal Forward.”CBS News.Los Angeles,CA.June 28,2024. https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/la-council-committee-moves-synthetic-grass- ban-proposal-forward/ Please see the original motion as amended from the City of Los Angeles website. Schmelzer,Elise.“Under Colorado’s New Water-Saving Law,Here’s Where Grass Will Be Banned Starting in 2026.”The Denver Post.March 18,2024. https://www.denverpost.com/2024/03/18/colorado-grass-turf-ban-2026-water-conservatio n-law/. Perkins,Tom.“Boston Bans Artificial Turf in Parks Due to Toxic ‘Forever Chemicals.’”The Guardian.September 30,2022. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/30/boston-bans-artificial-turf-toxic-f orever-chemicals-pfas. Town of Oak Bluffs,Massachusetts,Office of the Planning Board.“Notice of Decision May 4, 2022 RE:Special Permit Athletic Track and Synthetic Turf Field,Martha’s Vineyard High School.” https://mvrhs.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/OB-Planning-Board-Special-Permit-Decis ion.pdf “List of States and Municipalities That Have Either Banned or Are Working on the Ban of Artificial Turfs.” https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vROI-LGEDiUZx8TW_E5VhdcQ1PTn 98arQUQCi6MCOvKxnyrh-9Hc0jhPsYsfgocPJ6UCV_pJ0CnuSgd/pub Lawsuits Butler,Megan.“Panel Asked to Hold Georgia’s ‘Carpet Capital’Liable for Contaminated Drinking Water.”Courthouse News Service.September 13,2022. https://www.courthousenews.com/panel-asked-to-hold-georgias-carpet-capital-liable-for- contaminated-drinking-water/. Lannaman,Mark.“City of Calhoun Sued over PFAS in Drinking Water.”Saporta Report.April 3,2024.https://saportareport.com/city-of-calhoun-sued-over-pfas-in-drinking-water. MultiDistrict Litigation/Class Action Suit Filed Against FieldTurf USA (A Tarkett Company); New Jersey Federal Court.Litig.,No.3:17-md-2779.October 20,2017. https://ecf.njd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/login.pl “Counts against the manufacturer include fraud,breach of warranty and violation of consumer protection laws.” Porter,Jeff.“Another PFAS Clean Water Act Citizen Suit and There May be Thousands More of These Fish in the Barrel.”Mondaq.January 11,2024. https://www.mondaq.com/unitedstates/water/1412400/another-pfas-clean-water-act-citize n-suitand-there-may-be-thousands-more-of-these-fish-in-the-barrel. Steinmetz,Jennifer and Lucy Richman.“Turf wars:The Courtroom Battle Over Artificial Turf Safety May be Closer Than We Think.”Reuters.July 5,2023. https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/turf-wars-courtroom-battle-over-artificial-tur f-safety-may-be-closer-than-we-2023-07-05/ Tabuchi,Hiroko.“Lawyers to Plastics Makers:Prepare for ‘Astronomical’PFAS Lawsuits.” New York Times.May 28,2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/28/climate/pfas-forever-chemicals-industry-lawsuits.h tml Philadelphia Inquirer’s Coverage on Injuries,Cancer,Toxicity,Artificial Turf Dumping Gambacorta,David and Laker,Barbara.“City Officials Believed a New South Philly Turf Field was PFAS-Free.Not True,Experts Say.”The Philadelphia Inquirer.February 23,2024. https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/philadelphia-pfas-artificial-turf-field-murph y-recreation-20240223.html Larker,Barber,and David Gambacorta.“Eight Takeaways from The Inquirer ’s Yearlong Investigation into ‘Forever Chemicals.’”The Philadelphia Inquirer.March 12,2024. https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/artificial-turf-pfas-phillies-vet-soccer-cancer -20240312.html. Larker,Barber,and David Gambacorta.“‘Field of Dread’:Six Former Phillies Died from the Same Brain Cancer.We Tested the Vet’s Turf and Found Dangerous Chemicals.”The Philadelphia Inquirer.March 7,2023. https://www.inquirer.com/news/inq2/astroturf-vet-artificial-turf-pfas-forever-chemicals-gl ioblastoma-cancer-phillies-1980-20230307.html. Larker,Barber,and David Gambacorta.“‘Forever Fields’:How Pennsylvania Became a Dumping Ground for Discarded Artificial Turf.”The Philadelphia Inquirer.December 13,2023. https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/artificial-turf-pfas-rematch-pennsylvania-d umping-ground-20231213.html. Larker,Barber,and David Gambacorta.“‘Risky Play:A Stew of Toxic Chemicals Lurks in Artificial Turf.Some Experts Worry They Could be Linked to Cancer in Young Athletes.”The Philadelphia Inquirer.February 20,2024. https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/artificial-turf-pfas-rematch-pennsylvania-d umping-ground-20231213.html. Larker,Barber,and David Gambacorta.“‘A Tangled Timeline:Artificial Turf Was Once Touted as a ‘Magic Carpet.’But Some Scientists are Sounding the Alarm Because It Typically Contains ‘Forever Chemicals.’”March 7,2023. https://www.inquirer.com/news/inq2/astroturf-vet-stadium-artificial-turf-monsanto-histor y-phillies-stadium-forever-chemicals-pfas-20230307.html. Further Investigative Journalism Allen,Jeffrey,and Shane Perry.“Letter:Nantucket Fire Union Decries Proposed Turf Fields over PFAS Concerns.”Nantucket Current.February 9,2022. https://n-magazine-archive.com/letter-nantucket-fire-union-decries-proposed-turf-fields/. Balash,Dana.“East Liverpool’s Football Field under Water.”WFMJ.April 4,2024. https://www.wfmj.com/story/50641939/east-liverpools-football-field-under-water. This story reflects that although industry pitches artificial turf as a playable surface year-round,its impermeable surface is prone to flooding.Even artificial turf that is advertised as permeable often gets clogged with dust and becomes impermeable over time. “Dover High School Football Field Stormwater Calculation.” https://assets.nationbuilder.com/ncsa/pages/544/attachments/original/1709579114/Dover_ High_School_Football_Field_Stormwater_Calculation.pdf?1709579114. Cole,Jeff.“FDR Park’s New $250M Development Continues after Judge Dismisses Opposing Lawsuit.”FOX 29 Philadelphia.May 2,2024. https://www.fox29.com/news/fdr-parks-new-250m-development-continues-after-judge-di smisses-opposing-lawsuit. This controversial $250 million project is to build 16 plastic fields in FDR Park in South Philadelphia,covering over 30 acres.Replacing the fields will require millions of dollars and the disposal of upwards of a million pounds of mixed plastics (including PFAS and other plastic petrochemicals).A city judge ruled that she has no jurisdiction to stop this project. Cronin,Colleen.“State Officials Warn Burrillville About Installing Turf Field Following PFAS Contamination in North Smithfield.”EcoRI News.August 21,2024. https://ecori.org/state-officials-warn-burrillville-about-installing-turf-field-following-pfas -contamination-in-north-smithfield/ Fair Warning.“Fields of Waste:Artificial Turf Becomes Mounting Disposal Mess.”December 21,2019.Maryland Matters. https://www.marylandmatters.org/2019/12/21/fields-of-waste-artificial-turf-becomes-mou nting-disposal-mess/ Freiberg,Adam.“Exploring Major USC Athletics Renovations.”Daily Trojan.April 4,2024. https://dailytrojan.com/2024/04/04/exploring-major-usc-athletics-renovations/. Lerner,Sharon.“How 3M Executives Convinced a Scientist the Forever Chemicals She Found in Human Blood Were Safe.”ProPublica.May 20,2024. https://www.propublica.org/article/3m-forever-chemicals-pfas-pfos-inside-story Lundstrom,Marjie &Wolf,Eli.“Artificial Turf,Touted as Recycling Fix for Millions of Scrap Tires,Becomes Mounting Disposal Mess.”Salon.December 21,2019. https://www.salon.com/2019/12/21/artificial-turf-touted-as-recycling-fix-for-millions-of-s crap-tires-becomes-mounting-disposal-mess_partner/ Noor,Dharna."Elite US Universities Rake in Millions from Big Oil Donations,Research Finds: Student-Led Analyses Raise Concerns of Conflict of Interest at Six Universities, Including Princeton,Columbia,and Cornell."The Guardian,September 19,2024. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/sep/19/oil-donations-universities. Rodgers,Bethany.“Turf Recycler Hit with Environmental Violations as It Works to Open PA Plant.”PhillyBurbs.March 20,2023. https://www.phillyburbs.com/story/news/environment/2023/03/20/pa-officials-say-turf-re cycler-is-violating-environmental-laws/69995371007/. Sankaran,Vishwam.“Massive New Study Uncovers Over 4,000 Toxic Chemicals in Plastic.” Independent.March 15,2024. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/plastic-toxic-chemicals-health-effects-b251 3082.html Sankaran,Vishwam.“Drinking from Plastic Bottles Can Raise Type 2 Diabetes Risk,Study Warns.”Independent.June 25,2024. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/plastic-bottles-microplastics -diabetes-risk-b2568246.html Song,Lisa.“Selling a Mirage:The Delusion of Advanced Plastic Recycling Using Pyrolysis.” ProPublica.June 20,2024. https://www.propublica.org/article/delusion-advanced-chemical-plastic-recycling-pyrolys is Stokstad,Erik.“Common Tire Chemical Implicated in Mysterious Deaths of At-Risk Salmon.” Science.December 3,2020. https://www.science.org/content/article/common-tire-chemical-implicated-mysterious-de aths-risk-salmon. University of Birmingham.“New Study Confirms Forever Chemicals are Absorbed Through Human Skin.”Phys.Org.June 24,2024. https://phys.org/news/2024-06-chemicals-absorbed-human-skin.amp Reports by Environmental Organizations Bennett,Kyla.“Artificial Turf:A Plague on Earth.”PEER.November 13,2023. https://peer.org/commentary-artificial-turf-a-plague-on-the-earth/. Charles River Watershed Association.“Artificial Turf:A Threat to Our Watershed.”2024. https://www.crwa.org/artificial-turf. Community for Natural Play Surfaces.“Re:Choose Natural Turf for FUHSD Schools or Comply with CEQA.”February 27,2024. https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQC57CdX3Kv5-1sUkqNx57dTjkLAfF bzsmHoOEt-rAl-kj8N5rGnuNUlKrCF9PQBQ/pub Conway,Diana,and Dianne Woelke.“CalRecycle Tire Crumb Market Comments.”January 25, 2024. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aF7nHR8BKNbDnOw1pNto_5el_wGQlu_7/view?usp=d rive_link. Conway,Diana,and Dianne Woelke.“MND Draft Review,Marina High School Multi-Use Playing Field.”January 31,2024. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_-KLSFW35tXLGxUmpcGKZAZnfc8tjk7u/view?usp=d rive_link. EarthJustice and Sierra Club.“Incineration is Not a Safe Disposal Method of PFAS.”2022. https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eoDownloadDocument?pubId=&eodoc=true&docume ntID=251195 Edmar Chemical Company.“What You Should Know about Synthetic Turf Maintenance.” https://www.edmarchem.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/TurfStat-Pro-FAQ.pdf. This report from the synthetic turf company highlights the extensive maintenance requirements associated with synthetic turfs,despite the industry’s claim to the contrary. Environment &Human Health.“Synthetic Turf:Industry’s Claims Versus the Science.”2017. https://www.ehhi.org/NewTurf_Final.pdf EHHI.“Artificial Turf:Exposures to Ground-Up Rubber Tired.”2007. https://www.ehhi.org/turf_report07.pdf. EHHI.“Synthetic Turf:Industry’s Claim versus the Science.”2017. https://www.ehhi.org/NewTurf_Final.pdf. Fichtenbaum,Heidi.“The Princeton Environmental Commission’s Artificial Turf:Not a Sound Financial,Environmental,or Just Investment.”Municipality of Princeton.December 2021. https://www.princetonnj.gov/DocumentCenter/View/9205/Princeton-Environmental-Com mission-Artificial-Turf-Report-Dec-2021-PDF-?bidId=. Green,Laura C.Ph.D.,D.A.B.T.“Risks to Public Health from Chemicals Found in Brock Infill and in Soil at Playing Field.”January 12,2021. https://www.mvcommission.org/sites/default/files/docs/Laura%20Green%20Health%20R isk%20Assessment_Brockfill%20and%20MV%20Soils_Jan%2012_2021.pdf This presentation to Martha’s Vineyard Commission in MA demonstrates the presence of PFAS in organic wood chip infills sold as BrockFill. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.“Position Statement on the Use of Artificial Turf Surfaces.”November 30,2023. https://mountsinaiexposomics.org/position-statement-on-the-use-of-artificial-turf-surfaces / Myrick,Sonia.“Synthetic Sports Fields and the Heat Island Effect.”National Recreation and Park Association.May 8,2019. https://www.nrpa.org/parks-recreation-magazine/2019/may/synthetic-sports-fields-and-th e-heat-island-effect/. New York State Department of Health.“Information about Crumb-Rubber Infilled Synthetic Turf Athletic Fields.” https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/outdoors/synthetic_turf/crumb-rubber_infilled/f act_sheet.htm. Persellin,Ketura.“New Studies Show PFAS in Artificial Grass Blades and Backing.” Environmental Working Group.October 29,2019. https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/new-studies-show-pfas-artificial-grass-blades-a nd-backing. Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER).“EPA Fumbles Artificial Turf Science.”August 6,2019.https://peer.org/epa-fumbles-artificial-turf-science/ The Federal Research Action Plan (FRAP)on Recycled Tire Crumb Used on Playing Fields and Playgrounds (FRAP 1),conducted by the US EPA,found 355 chemicals,but has been condemned for not meeting its own research standards in its conclusions.Their final report had 25 study participants (mostly 30 year old males),three synthetic turf fields,looked at only six chemicals and did not include a risk assessment. Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER).“Artificial Turf Fact Sheet.”2022. https://peer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Screen-Shot-2022-10-05-at-10.55.03-AM.pn g. Sierra Club Maryland Chapter.“Synthetic Turf Resources.”2022. https://www.sierraclub.org/maryland/synthetic-turf-resources. Sierra Club Maryland Chapter.“Say NO to Plastic Fields and Rubber Playgrounds.”2021. https://www.sierraclub.org/maryland/synthetic-turf. Shalat,Stuart.“Why Artificial Turf May Truly Be Bad for Kids.”The Conversation.March 5, 2017.https://theconversation.com/why-artificial-turf-may-truly-be-bad-for-kids-72044/. Woelke,Dianne.“Greenwashing:Mineral and Plant Based Infills for Synthetic Turf Systems.” April 28,2000. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H6I28zSIjN080vXjwTHH5CHlFj1kIfFC/edit?usp =sharing&ouid=106106732686023309618&rtpof=true&sd=true Dianne Woelke,a founding board member of Safe and Healthy Playing Fields,discusses problems with mineral,organic and plant-based infills such as cork.See independently tested cork and walnut infills resulting positive for PFAS here,here,and here.This report by an award-winning Australian citizen journalist John Englart in 2021 also mentions 70%additional off-gassing with plant-based infills.Also see this 2023 study.Even a presentation by the industry to the Martha’s Vineyard Comission supports the presence of PFAS in plant-based infills. Woelke,Dianne,Diana Carpinone,Suzanne Hume,Ronald Askeland,and Nancy Okada.(Safe Healthy Playing Fields).“University of California Santa Barbara Notice of Impending Development No.UCS-NOID-0002-23 (Baseball Stadium Turf).”September 8,2023. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mavB4-DNVOEgYE-XaCthWJ8wT9oyb3Um/view. Woelke,Dianne.(Safe Healthy Playing Fields).“FUHSD Bibliography.”February 27,2024. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X0Yc43_9KRwLhcoGO9PmMU1Wol6lMxDq/view?usp =drive_link. The FUHSD Bibliography has been integrated towards the end of this compilation. Zero Waste Ithaca.“List of National Organizations Opposed to Synthetic Turf.”June 29,2024. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/10tSDiWbySWogzvZ_szllA9cMnnOyR9qlRKcqI AnyX8Q/edit?usp=sharing Injuries and Health Threats for Athletes Bumbaca,Chris.“‘It’s Not Rocket Science’:NFL Turf Debate Rages On Although 92%of Players Prefer Grass.”USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/super-bowl/2024/02/07/grass-or-turf-nfl-playe rs-overwhelmingly-pick-one-over-the-other/72515239007/. Chappell,Bill.“Soccer Players End Lawsuit over Artificial Turf at Women’s World Cup.” January 21,2015. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/01/21/378896641/soccer-players-end-law suit-over-artificial-turf-at-women-s-world-cup. Gever,John.“Turf War:Study Backs Natural Grass as Less Injurious than Artificial Surface.” MedPage Today.February 13,2024. https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/aaos/108707. Golijanin,Petar,Ryan James Whalen,Mark Cote,Tyler Joseph Zajac,and Matthew T. Provencher.“The Comparison of Injuries in National Football League Players (2016–2021)Based on the Playing Surface:Natural Grass versus Artificial Turf.” American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.2024. https://aaos.scientificposters.com/epsAbstractAAOS.cfm?id=1 Gould HP,Lostetter SJ,Samuelson ER,Guyton GP.“Lower Extremity Injury Rates on Artificial Turf Versus Natural Grass Playing Surfaces:A Systematic Review.”The American Journal of Sports Medicine.May 20,2022.https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465211069562 Johnson,Carla K.“What Does the Science Say about the Grass vs.Turf Debate in Sports?” Associated Press.October 9,2023. https://apnews.com/article/nfl-aaron-rodgers-achilles-grass-artificial-turf-79212f5443cd2 a0d30fe8c9d981b13c0. PEER.“Test Results for Preliminary Study:PFOS on Hands of Soccer Players and Coaches on Artificial Turf vs.Grass.”March 6,2024. https://peer.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/3_6_2024-Dermal-absorption-PFAS-AT.pdf. Perkins,Tom.“Artificial Turf Potentially Linked to Cancer Deaths of Six Phillies Ball Players.” The Guardian.March 10,2023. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/mar/10/phillies-ball-players-cancer-artifical-t urf?CMP=share. Perkins,Tom.“Athletes Likely to Have Higher Levels of PFAS after Play on Artificial Turf – Study.”The Guardian.March 15,2024. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/mar/15/athletes-higher-pfas-levels-artifi cial-turf. Proctor,Stephen.“New Study Finds Concerning Link between Artificial Turf and Potential Health Threats to Athletes:'It Just Boggles My Mind.'”Yahoo!News.March 29,2024. https://www.yahoo.com/news/study-finds-concerning-between-artificial-033000063.html Silverman,Alex.“FIFA Requires Stadiums to Play the Field,Install Natural Grass for Games.” November 6,2023.Sports Business Journal. https://www.sportsbusinessjournal.com/Articles/2023/11/06/america-stadiums-side. Rodrigue,Jourdan,and Daniel Popper.“Field of Nightmares:Inside the NFL,Player Divide over Playing Surfaces.”The Athletic.January 11,2023. https://theathletic.com/4074335/2023/01/11/nfl-turf-fields-injuries/. Siegel,Kyle R.,Brooklynn R.Murray,Jeff Gearhart,and Christopher D.Kassotis."In Vitro Endocrine and Cardiometabolic Toxicity Associated with Artificial Turf Materials." Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,Wayne State University,Ecology Center.September 6,2024. This study examines the potential health risks of artificial turf materials,analyzing both new and weathered samples.The findings indicate that weathered turf samples had stronger effects on various hormone receptors,including androgen,estrogen,and thyroid receptors.Additionally,all turf extracts activated a receptor linked to toxin processing (AhR),with some causing heart cell toxicity in rats.These results raise concerns about the endocrine and cardiometabolic effects of artificial turf materials,warranting further investigation into their impact on human health. Tretter,JC.“Only Natural Grass Can Level the NFL’s Playing Field.”NFL Players Association. 2020.https://nflpa.com/posts/only-natural-grass-can-level-the-nfls-playing-field. The NFL Players Association (NFLPA)has taken a strong public stance against turf fields.In this article,NFLPA President JC Tretter advocates that "NFL clubs should proactively change all field surfaces to natural grass." Tretter,JC.“Why the NFL’s Approach to Field Surfaces is Uneven.”NFL Players Association, April 2023.https://nflpa.com/posts/nfl-approach-field-surface-uneven In this April 2023 statement,the NFLPA accused the NFL of twisting historical injury data to support the NFL's contention that turf fields are safe. Wertheim,Jon.“With Hotter Temperatures Come More Football Deaths:And Black High School Players are Disproportionately Affected.”Sports Illustrated.October 7,2022. https://www.si.com/high-school/2022/10/07/football-climate-change-daily-cover Woelke,Dianne.“Synthetic Turf Injuries.”March,2021. https://www.mvcommission.org/sites/default/files/docs/Dianne%20Woelke%20letter%20 3-18-21.pdf. This is a compilation of articles related to injuries on artificial turfs submitted to Martha’s Vineyard Commission by Dianne Woelke,a founding board member of Safe Healthy Playing Fields. Webinars,Documentary and Other Films Beyond Plastics.“Plastics’Impact on Human Health.”YouTube video.January 13,2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=utUFl4gqiYc&ab_channel=BeyondPlastics. Beyond Plastics.“Protect Burrillville:What You Should Know about Synthetic Turf.”YouTube video.September 17,2024.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GEIVjlEUE0 Collaborative for Health &Environment.“Environmental Health Impacts of Synthetic Turf and Safer Alternatives.”YouTube Video.January 28,2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mel-tIUQImY&ab_channel=CollaborativeforHealth %26Environment. Collaborative for Health &Environment.“Artificial Turf:Research on Plastic Pollution,PFAS, and Health Concerns.”YouTube Video.September 18,2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5w3dxqXlA0g&t=3203s Government of the District of Columbia ANC (Advisory Neighborhood Commission)3/4G Single Member District 02.“Cultivating Natural Grass Playing Fields:Listening to the Experts Panelist Presentations and Community Discussion.”YouTube Video.May 30, 2024.https://youtu.be/E3FEO7vmuCE?si=HTBUpNDSZSrne4IX The third Zoom meeting in the series by ANC 3/4G looking at artificial turf and natural grass playing fields conveys beyond any reasonable doubt the viability,sustainability, and affordability of natural grass playing fields,including the use of environmentally sound and safe organic practices. See also the first and the second meetings in the series by ANC 3/4G: "Is Artificial Turf Safe for Our Kids and Our Environment?,"March 26,2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8xlCA9M8hI “Artificial Turf vs Natural Grass Fields:A Comparative Look at Design,Construction, Maintenance,Playability,and Cost.”April 9,2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPn7E_Ag7LQ Sustainable Silicon Valley.“Exergy TV 3.1.24:The High Costs of Fake Plastic Fields.”YouTube Video.March 4,2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kk2YQXKqbR0&ab_channel=SustainableSiliconVal ley. Town of Windsor (Calif.).“Nix Artificial Turf for Native Plants and Get a Rebate!”YouTube video.December 6,2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Dov_vwTIYI&ab_channel=TownofWindsor%28Ca lif.%29. Truth About Plastic.“Biodiversity and Plastic Grass:Sleazigrass Customer Testimonial.”[Satire] YouTube video.August 30,2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdVT06g375k&ab_channel=TruthAboutPlastic. Truth About Plastic.“Dave and Trev,Sleazigrass Fitters:Epiphany #1.”[Satire]YouTube video. December 8,2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZV-9WUk7g0A&ab_channel=TruthAboutPlastic. Truth About Plastic.“Toxic Turf.”[Satire]YouTube video.July 17,2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBpjcHI4Mjw&ab_channel=TruthAboutPlastic. UMassLowellTURI.“Natural Grass Organic Athletic Fields in Springfield,Mass.”YouTube video.November 30,2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nws-ZpeaQJc&ab_channel=UMassLowellTURI. UMassLowellTURI.“Organic Management of Natural Grass.”YouTube video.January 27, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkucQ7NDadQ&ab_channel=UMassLowellTURI. UMassLowellTURI.“Three Massachusetts Communities Maintain Athletic Fields Organically.” YouTube video.April 30, 2021.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cmjv1qteLho&ab_channel=UMassLowellTUR I. Women for a Health Environment.“Dr.Landrigan Discusses Artificial Turf on School Grounds” YouTube video.January 11,2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rT4jKG_88pI&ab_channel=WomenforaHealthyEnvir onment. Zembra.“What Happens to Plastic and Polluting Artificial Turf?”YouTube video.September 13, 2018.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5o3J7uy4Tk This Dutch documentary investigates the trail of a number of transports,and finds itself in a world of dealers,defrauding artificial turf processors,absent supervisors,and a growing artificial turf pile in the Netherlands,a country with more artificial turf per capita than any other country in the world.An artificial turf recycling company Re-Match is mentioned,a company which has failed in operation in the US and contributed to the Pennsylvania's dumping ground of artificial turfs reported in the Philadelphia Inquirer. Zero Waste Ithaca.“The True Costs of Artificial Turf:Experts Discuss Cornell University’s New “PFAS-Free”Project”Webinar held on April 30,2024. https://youtu.be/iqk8Ss-8Bjk?si=fm4uSfUqo1L4V56G A panel of six experts—including scientists,environmentalists,and a former university soccer coach—testify and analyze the life cycle,environmental justice,and public health impacts of artificial turf and suggest the alternative of organic natural grass management. This webinar helped defeat a plan for an artificial turf field in a school district in Middleton,WI. Natural Grass vs.Artificial Turf Barton,J,Rogerson,M.“The Importance of Greenspace for Mental Health.”BJPsych International.November 1,2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5663018/ Beyond Pesticides.“Cost Comparison:Organic vs.Chemical Land Management.”Winter 2019–2020. https://www.beyondpesticides.org/assets/media/documents/documents/Cost%20Comparis on.pdf. Beyond Pesticides.“Synthetic Turf Fields,Forever Chemicals and the Safer Alternative:Organic Grass.”March 27,2024. https://beyondpesticides.org/dailynewsblog/2024/03/synthetic-turf-fields-forever-chemica ls-and-the-safer-alternative-organic-grass/. City of Watertown,MA -Government.“Victory Field Turf is Closed Due to Excessive Heat.” June 20,2024. https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=812146911015602&set=a.198027349094231 Watertown,MA happens to be the base town of Mr.Trey Sasser,a Cornell representative from Sasaki architectural firm who spoke to justify artificial turf.So much for an all-year play claimed by the industry.The Victory field also had to close down for the whole summer in 2023 for artificial turf replacement.See:Beitrose,Charlie.“Victory Field Closing for Most of Summer to Replace Artificial Turf.”Watertown News.June 9,2023. https://www.watertownmanews.com/2023/06/09/victory-field-closing-for-most-of-summ er-to-replace-artificial-turf/ Cornell University Sports Field Management.“Synthetic Turf:Is Adding A Synthetic Field the Answer?”https://safesportsfields.cals.cornell.edu/synthetic-turf/ Cornell University's own cost analysis,available on their website,illustrates that artificial turf is significantly more expensive to maintain compared to natural grass. Government of the District of Columbia ANC (Advisory Neighborhood Commission)3/4G Single Member District 02.“Cultivating Natural Grass Playing Fields:Listening to the Experts Panelist Presentations and Community Discussion.”YouTube Video.May 30, 2024.https://youtu.be/E3FEO7vmuCE?si=HTBUpNDSZSrne4IX The third Zoom meeting in the series by ANC 3/4G looking at artificial turf and natural grass playing fields conveyed beyond any reasonable doubt the viability,sustainability, and affordability of natural grass playing fields,including the use of environmentally sound and safe organic practices. Henry,Kaleb.“Nebraska Football to Replace FieldTurf with Natural Grass Inside Memorial Stadium.”Sports Illustrated.July 13,2024. https://www.si.com/college/nebraska/recruiting/nebraska-football-recruiting-4-star-cb-pic ks-huskers-over-utah-tcu-matt-rhule-big-ten The Lawn Institute.“Carbon Sequestration.” https://www.thelawninstitute.org/environmental-benefits/carbon-sequestration/ Leslie,Madeline.“The Potential of Turfgrass to Sequester Carbon and Offset Greenhouse Gas Emissions.”University of Minnesota. https://turf.umn.edu/news/potential-turfgrass-sequester-carbon-and-offset-greenhouse-gas -emissions. Lindblom,Jeffrey.“Portland Turf Fields Closed Due to Danger from Heat Wave.”Fox 12, Oregon.July 10,2024. https://www.kptv.com/2024/07/10/portland-turf-fields-closed-due-danger-heat-wave/ Osborne,Charles,Doug Wood.“A Cost Comparison of Conventional (Chemical)Turf Management and Natural (Organic)Turf Management for School Athletic Fields:A Report Presented by Grassroots Environmental Education,a Non-Profit Organization.” March,2010. https://www.nontoxiccommunities.com/uploads/7/0/8/2/7082006/turfcomparisonreport.p df Safe Healthy Playing Fields Inc.“Costs:Grass vs.Synthetic Turf.” https://www.safehealthyplayingfields.org/cost-grass-vs-synthetic-turf. Natural Grass Management Arellano,Gustavo.“Column:Has a UC Riverside Researcher Created the Holy Grail of Drought-Tolerant Lawns?”Los Angeles Times.September 9,2022. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-09-09/uc-riverside-turfgrass-research-jim- baird Beyond Pesticides.“Healthy Turf and Landscape Policy.”November 12,2008. https://www.beyondpesticide.org/assets/media/documents/lawn/activist/NewPaltzNYfinal policy.pdf. City of Irvine.“Organic Pesticides Program.” https://www.cityofirvine.org/news-media/news-article/organic-pesticides-program. Midwest Grows Green:Lawn +Land Forum.“Root Density.” https://lawnandland.org/sports-and-recreational-fields/4b-root-density Non Toxic Communities.“Organic Athletic Fields.” https://www.nontoxiccommunities.com/organic-athletic-fields.html. SportsField Management.“Maryland SoccerPlex Completes Natural Grass Upgrades.”April 16. 2024. https://sportsfieldmanagementonline.com/2024/04/16/maryland-soccerplex-completes-na tural-grass-upgrades/16614/. This article emphasizes the advancements in drainage systems,which have significantly reduced the problem of spring mud on natural grass sports fields. Toxic Use Reduction Institute.“Natural Grass Playing Field Case Study:Marblehead,MA: 20 Acres of Organically Managed Playing Fields.”July 2019,revised November 2020. https://www.turi.org/content/download/12705/198916/file/Natural%20Grass%20Playing %20Field%20Case%20Study%20Marblehead%20MA%20revised.Nov2020.pdf. Toxic Use Reduction Institute.“Natural Grass Playing Field Case Study:Martha's Vineyard,MA Improving the Quality of Grass Playing Fields with Data Collection and Organic Management.”December 2020. https://www.turi.org/content/download/13432/205432/file/Natural%20Grass%20Playing %20Field%20Case%20Study%20MV%20MA.Dec2020.pdf. Toxic Use Reduction Institute.“Natural Grass Playing Field Case Study:Springfield,MA: Organic Grass Fields Meet Athletes’Needs and Protect Connecticut River Watershed.” June 2019. https://www.turi.org/content/download/12156/190509/file/Natural+Grass+Playing+Field +Case+Study+Springfield+MA.+June+2019.pdf. Toxic Use Reduction Institute.“Natural Grass Playing Fields:Denison University,Granville, OH.”December 2021. https://www.turi.org/content/download/13803/218956/file/Denison%20University%20cas e%20study.pdf. Toxic Use Reduction Institute.“Natural Grass Playing Fields:Selected Case Studies from Southwest Pennsylvania.”April 2021. https://www.turi.org/content/download/13555/206776/file/Casestudy.OrganicGrassSWPe nn.April2021.pdf. UMassLowellTURI.“Natural Grass Organic Athletic Fields in Springfield,Mass.”YouTube video.November 30,2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nws-ZpeaQJc&ab_channel=UMassLowellTURI. UMassLowellTURI.“Organic Management of Natural Grass.”YouTube video.January 27, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkucQ7NDadQ&ab_channel=UMassLowellTURI. UMassLowellTURI.“Three Massachusetts Communities Maintain Athletic Fields Organically.” YouTube video.April 30, 2021.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cmjv1qteLho&ab_channel=UMassLowellTUR I. Cost Comparisons Moore,Terence.“For $11.9 Million,NFL Could Save Maybe $1 Billion With Grass Fields Instead Of Artificial Ones.”Forbes.December 23,2022. https://www.forbes.com/sites/terencemoore/2022/12/23/for-119-million-nfl-could-save-m aybe-1-billion-with-grass-fields-instead-of-artificial-ones/?sh=48a757edb48e Osborne,C,Wood,D (2010).A Cost Comparison of Conventional (Chemical)Turf Management and Natural (Organic)Turf Management for School Athletic Fields.Grassroots Environmental Education. https://www.nontoxiccommunities.com/uploads/7/0/8/2/7082006/turfcomparisonreport.p df. Safe Healthy Playing Fields Inc.“Costs:Grass vs.Synthetic Turf.” https://www.safehealthyplayingfields.org/cost-grass-vs-synthetic-turf. Sustainable Silicon Valley.“Exergy TV 3.1.24:The High Costs of Fake Plastic Fields.”YouTube Video.March 4,2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kk2YQXKqbR0&ab_channel=SustainableSiliconVal ley. Wolff,Megan J.,Ph.D.MPH.et al.“Subject:Exclusion of Synthetic Turf Fields from Central School District Capital Improvement Plan.”December 14,2023. https://drive.google.com/file/d/18hwzkScZ5zmmDmVQmnvJFgjs6Nx-cV4p/view?usp=s haring This letter was addressed to the New Paltz Central School District Board of Education in New York,expressing opposition to the district's proposal to incorporate artificial turf into new athletic facilities.Notably,it highlights Cornell University's own cost analysis, available on their website,illustrating that artificial turf is significantly more expensive to maintain compared to natural grass. Miscellaneous New York Department of State.“New York State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA).” https://video.dos.ny.gov/lg/onlinetraining/environmental-quality-review-act/presentation_ html5.html. Sports Venue Calculator.“Grants for Artificial Turf Field Installation and Resurfacing for Schools and Communities.” https://sportsvenuecalculator.com/knowledge/artificial-turf-field/grants-for-artificial-turf- field-installation-and-resurfacing-for-schools-and-communities/. This page from Sports Venue Calculator demonstrates how the industry gives grant money to encourage artificial turf installation. FUHSD (Fremont Union High School District,CA)Report Citations from:Community for Natural Play Surfaces.“Re:Choose Natural Turf for FUHSD Schools or Comply with CEQA.”February 27,2024. https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQC57CdX3Kv5-1sUkqNx57d TjkLAfFbzsmHoOEt-rAl-kj8N5rGnuNUlKrCF9PQBQ/pub FUHSD staff,Fremont Union High School District Board of Trustees Study Session -Synthetic Turf vs.Natural Grass (Sep.19,2023),available at https://fremontunionhighschoolca.iqm2.com/Citizens/FileOpen.aspx?Type=1&ID=1319 &Inline=True Sharon Lerner,Toxic PFAS Chemicals Found in Artificial Turf —The presence of the PFAS chemicals in turf adds to growing concerns about the grass replacement that covers more than 1,000 acres around the country The Intercept (Oct.8,2019),available at https://theintercept.com/2019/10/08/pfas-chemicals-artificial-turf-soccer/ David Abel,Toxic chemicals are found in blades of artificial turf Boston Globe (Oct.9,2019), available at https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/10/09/toxic-chemicals-found-blades-artificial-t urf/1mlVxXjzCAqRahwgXtfy6K/story.html The Ecology Center Toxic "Forever Chemicals"Infest Artificial Turf (Oct.10,2019),available at https://www.ecocenter.org/toxic-forever-chemicals-infest-artificial-turf United States Environmental Protection Agency Questions and Answers:Drinking Water Health Advisories for PFOA,PFOS,GenX Chemicals and PFBS,(June 2022),available at https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/questions-and-answers-drinking-water-health-advisories-pfoa- pfos-genx-chemicals-and-pfbs#q5 United State Environmental Protection Agency Proposed Rule -PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation Rulemaking (Mar.29,2023),available at https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/03/29/2023-05471/pfas-national-primar y-drinking-water-regulation-rulemaking United States Environmental Protection Agency,Basic Information about Lead in Drinking Water (Jan.25,2024),available at https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/basic-information-about-lead-drin king-water Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology Branch -Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment -California Environmental Protection Agency Second Public Review Draft —Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid in Drinking Water (July 2023),available at https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/water/public-health-goal/pfoapfosseconddraft0714 23.pdf Horsley Witten Group Synthetic Turf Laboratory Testing and Analysis Summary Report Martha’s Vineyard Regional High School (Mar.1,2021),available at https://www.mvcommission.org/sites/default/files/docs/210301_Turf%20Laboratory%20 Testing%20Report%20Review_HWSIGNED(1).pdf Kristen Mello,PFAS in Artificial Turf -NEWMOA Conference presentation links and slide deck (Apr.6,2022),available at https://www.oakbluffsma.gov/DocumentCenter/View/8437/Kristen-Mello-WRAFT---Ma y-4-2022 Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility Summary of PFAS and Other Chemicals of Concern in Harvard-Westlake’s Proposed Field Turf Vertex Core 2.5 https://docs.google.com/file/d/1S-edneZWm-bfoxL9GZVDnNAgYPaVewNg/edit?usp=d ocslist_api&filetype=msword HongHong Chen et al.Perfluorooctane Sulfonamide (PFOSA)Induces Cardiotoxicity via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation in Zebrafish (Jun.2,2022),available at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.est.1c08875 PFAS-Tox Database -Easy Access to Health and Toxicology Data on PFAS,available at https://pfastoxdatabase.org San Francisco Estuary Institute &The Aquatic Science Center Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS),available at https://www.sfei.org/projects/pfas Nina Buzby et al.Contaminant Concentrations in Sport Fish from San Francisco Bay:2019 (Apr.30,2021),available at https://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/biblio_files/2019%20Sport%20Fish%20Report%2 0-%20FINAL.pdf Tyler D Hoskins et al.Chronic Exposure to a PFAS Mixture Resembling AFFF-Impacted Surface Water Decreases Body 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Perfluoroalkyls (May 2021),available at https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp200.pdf Sunderland,E.M.et.al.,A Review of the Pathways of Human Exposure to Poly-and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs)and Present Understanding of Health Effects,29 Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology,no.2,(2018),available at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30470793 U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,Drinking Water Health Advisory for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA),39 (May 2016),available at https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-05/documents/pfoa_health_advisory_fin al_508.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,Statement on Potential Intersection between PFAS Exposure and COVID-19, https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/pfas/health-effects/index.html (last visited Feb.26,2024). Diana Carpinone,email (July 5,2023),available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/15sCXsM6BTgHyBmECg-GwOdcSvCOjUcP5/view?usp =drivesdk E.A.Crunden and Ariel Wittenberg,‘Our Community has been Deceived’:Turf Wars Mount over PFAS,E&E News (Aug.3,2022),available at https://www.eenews.net/articles/our-community-has-been-deceived-turf-wars-mount-over -pfas/ Non Toxic Dover New Hampshire Tests Detect Dangerous PFAS Chemicals in Portsmouth’s New Synthetic Turf Field (Sep.15,2021),available at https://nontoxicdovernh.wordpress.com/2021/09/15/tests-detect-dangerous-pfas-chemical s-in-portsmouths-new-synthetic-turf-field/ David Gambacorta and Barbara Laker.City officials believed a new South Philly turf field was PFAS-free.Not true,experts say.The Philadelphia Inquirer.(Feb.23,2024),available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xZUt9BzSfrvc8iiXzsRP4rETQ9BaqpIy/view?usp=drives dk Graham Peaslee and Kristen Mello,PFAS in Artificial Turf (Apr.6,2022)available at https://www.newmoa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/PFAS-in-Artificial-Turf.pdf David Heath,Meet the ‘rented white coats’who defend toxic chemicals (Feb.8,2016),available at https://publicintegrity.org/environment/meet-the-rented-white-coats-who-defend-toxic-ch emicals/ Myron Levin and Paul Feldman,Big Companies in Legal Scrapes Turn to Science-for-Hire Giant Exponent (Dec.13,2016),available at https://business-ethics.com/2016/12/13/1724-big-companies-in-legal-scrapes-turn-to-scie nce-for-hire-giant-exponent/ E.A.Crunden and Ariel Wittenberg,Toxicologist who belittled PFAS risks resigns from EPA role (Dec.12,2021),available at https://www.eenews.net/articles/toxicologist-who-belittled-pfas-risks-resigns-from-epa-ro le/ Synthetic Turf Council,https://www.syntheticturfcouncil.org California Department of Toxic Substances Control Safer Consumer Products Program Three Year Priority Product Work Plan (2021-2023),available at https://dtsc.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2021/04/Final-2021-2023-Priority-Produc t-Work-Plan.pdf The Ecology Center PFAS-free Turf Recommendations (Dec.19,2021),available at https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H7jCbrN9vhIfvXpOaOAAftGSvbPdCIkbwZd4Np Ga5kg/edit Ecology Center PFAS in Synthetic Turf Fiber (Jun.1,2020),available at https://nontoxicdovernh.files.wordpress.com/2020/06/june1_portsmouthpfas.pdf United States Environmental Protection Agency Proposal to List Nine Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Compounds as Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Hazardous Constituents (Feb.8, 2024),available at https://www.epa.gov/hw/proposal-list-nine-and-polyfluoroalkyl-compounds-resource-con servation-and-recovery-act Xu,et al.,Microplastics in aquatic environments:Occurrence,accumulation,and biological effects,Science of the Total Environment,Volume 703 (Feb.10,2020),available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004896971934690X. 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Public Hearing Regarding Artificial Turf Proposal,Massachusetts (April 2021),available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8OLBfWmt7g SYNLawn Warranty (2021),available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kENxS7B4-gRillKBSR2e8h3x7ksF--kb/view?usp=drive sdk FieldTurf Warranty for Saratoga High School (2023),available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1d6cRVDBDOpWIA_cCNVV7HmmtGi1T-RiE/view?usp =drivesdk Yee MS,Hii LW,Looi CK,Lim WM,Wong SF,Kok YY,et al.Impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on human health.Nanomaterials (Basel)11(2):496.(2021),available at https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020496. Sarah-Jeanne Royer Synthetic turf will contribute to greenhouse gas problems (Feb.20,2019), available at https://www.mvtimes.com/2019/02/20/synthetic-turf-will-contribute-greenhouse-gas-pro blems/ Sarah-Jeanne Royer Production of methane and ethylene from plastic in the environment (Aug 1.,2018),available at https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0200574 Samantha Staley The Link Between Plastic Use and Climate Change:Nitty-gritty (Dec.2009), available at https://stanfordmag.org/contents/the-link-between-plastic-use-and-climate-change-nitty-g ritty#:~:text=Carbon%20Calculations,of%20polyethylene%20(PET)%20produced FUHSD staff,Fremont Union High School District Board of Trustees Study Session -Synthetic Turf vs.Natural Grass (Sep.19,2023),page 17 of board meeting agenda packet, available at https://fremontunionhighschoolca.iqm2.com/Citizens/FileOpen.aspx?Type=1&ID=1319 &Inline=True California Coastal Commission,Notice of Impending Development UCS-NOID-0002-23 (Baseball Stadium Turf)(Nov.30,2023),available at https://documents.coastal.ca.gov/reports/2023/12/W13.1a/W13.1a-12-2023-report.pdf. FUHSD staff,Fremont Union High School District Board of Trustees Study Session -Synthetic Turf vs.Natural Grass (Sep.19,2023),page 17 of board meeting agenda packet, available at https://fremontunionhighschoolca.iqm2.com/Citizens/FileOpen.aspx?Type=1&ID=1319 &Inline=True Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility Artificial Turf ’s Big Lie:Old Fields Not Recycled (Jan 30,2020),available at https://peer.org/artificial-turfs-big-lie-old-fields-not-recycled/ Marjie Lundstrom Artificial turf,touted as recycling fix for millions of scrap tires,becomes mounting disposal mess —Where do the millions of square feet of synthetic turf go to die? https://www.salon.com/2019/12/21/artificial-turf-touted-as-recycling-fix-for-millions-of-s crap-tires-becomes-mounting-disposal-mess_partner/ Synthetic Turf Council A Guideline to Recycle,Reuse,Repurpose and Remove Synthetic Turf Systems (Oct.2017),available at https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.syntheticturfcouncil.org/resource/resmgr/guidelines/STC_G uideline_for_Recycle_Re.pdf Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility False Artificial Turf Recycling Claims Ripped —FTC Enforcement Urged to End Deceptive Turf Industry Greenwashing (Mar 7,2022),available at https://peer.org/false-artificial-turf-recycling-claims-ripped/ Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility Complaint of Deceptive and Unfair Advertising of Artificial Turf (Feb 28,2022),available at https://peer.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/3_7_22-Filed-FTC-Complaint-2.28.22.pdf Center for Climate Integrity The Fraud of Plastic Recycling —How Big Oil and the plastics industry deceived the public for decades and caused the plastic waste crisis.(Feb.2024), available at https://climateintegrity.org/uploads/media/Fraud-of-Plastic-Recycling-2024.pdf Bennington College Beyond Plastics and The Last Beach Cleanup The Real Truth About the U.S. Plastics Recycling Rate (May 2022) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5eda91260bbb7e7a4bf528d8/t/62b2238152acae761 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Einhorn,Catrin.“California Salmon Stocks Are Crashing.A Fishing Ban Looks Certain.”New York Times.April 3,2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/03/climate/salmon-fishery-closed-california.html?smi d=tw-share. Fishing the North Coast.“It’s Official:CA’s 2023 Ocean Salmon Season Shut Down.”April 12, 2023. https://fishingthenorthcoast.com/2023/04/12/its-official-cas-2023-ocean-salmon-season-s hut-down. Lead: Gomes,Filipa O.,M.Rosário Rocha,Arminda Alves,and Nuno Ratola.“A Review of Potentially Harmful Chemicals in Crumb Rubber Used in Synthetic Football Pitches.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 409 (2021):124998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124998. Lee,Ju-Wook,Hoon Choi,Un-Ki Hwang,Ju-Chan Kang,Yue Jai Kang,Kwang Il Kim,and Jun-Hwan Kim.“Toxic Effects of Lead Exposure on Bioaccumulation,Oxidative Stress, Neurotoxicity,and Immune Responses in Fish:A Review.”Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 68 (2019):101–8.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.010. CDC.“Lead in Soil.”https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/prevention/sources/soil.htm. VOCs: Ginsberg,Gary,Brian Toal,and Tara Kurland.“Benzothiazole Toxicity Assessment in Support of Synthetic Turf Field Human Health Risk Assessment.”Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,Part A 74,no.17 (2011):1175–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2011.586943. Zinc: Monsé,Christian,Monika Raulf,Birger Jettkant,Vera van Kampen,Benjamin Kendzia,Leonie Schürmeyer,Christoph Edzard Seifert et al.“Health Effects after Inhalation of Micro- and Nano-Sized Zinc Oxide Particles in Human Volunteers.”Archives of Toxicology 95 (2021):53-65.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00204-020-02923-y. Synthetic Turf Does Not Save Water: Kanaan,Ahmed,Elena Sevostianova,Bernd Leinauer,and Igor Sevostianov.“Water Requirements for Cooling Artificial Turf.”Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 146,no.10 (2020):05020004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001506. Gaddo,Randy.“Part 2:Watering Synthetic Turf.”PRB. https://www.parksandrecbusiness.com/articles/2016/10/part-2-watering-synthetic-turf. Off Gassing of GHGs /Heat Island Effect: The Climate Reality Project.“Repower America.”August 3,2020. https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/methane-stinks-why-natural-gas-bad-news-pla net. Magnusson,Simon,and Josef Mácsik.“Analysis of Energy Use and Emissions of Greenhouse Gases,Metals and Organic Substances from Construction Materials Used for Artificial Turf.”Resources,Conservation and Recycling 122 (2017):362–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.03.007. Synthetic Turf Is Not Recyclable: Beyond Plastics.“The Real Truth About the U.S.Plastics Recycling Rate.”May 2022. https://www.beyondplastics.org/publications/us-plastics-recycling-rate. Bruggers,James.“Who Said Recycling Was Green?It Makes Microplastics by the Ton.”Inside Climate News.May 16,2023. https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16052023/recycling-plastic-microplastics-waste/. NRCD.“New NRDC ‘Chemical Recycling’Analysis:Process is Harmful,Misleading,Not Solving Plastic Pollution.”March 7,2022. https://www.nrdc.org/press-releases/new-nrdc-chemical-recycling-analysis-process-harmf ul-misleading-not-solving-plastic. ExxonMobil.“ExxonMobil Starts Large Operations at Large-Scaled Advanced Recycling Facility.”December 14,2022. https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/news/news-releases/2022/1214_exxonmobil-starts-ope rations-at-large-scale-advanced-recycling-facility. Alternative Options: The Lawn Institute.“Carbon Sequestration.” https://www.thelawninstitute.org/environmental-benefits/carbon-sequestration/ Arellano,Gustavo.“Column:Has a UC Riverside Researcher Created the Holy Grail of Drought-Tolerant Lawns?”Los Angeles Times.September 9,2022. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-09-09/uc-riverside-turfgrass-research-jim- baird. Morris,B.and Devitt,D.“Turfgrasses for Urban Mojave Desert Landscapes.”University of Nevada Extension.2011.https://extension.unr.edu/publication.aspx?PubID=3320. The Lawn Institute.“Fresh Oxygen Production by Natural Grass Lawns in the United States.” https://www.thelawninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/TLI-FreshO2production_U S-Final.pdf. UC Riverside.“Turfgrass Science:Meet the Team.”https://turfgrass.ucr.edu/meet-team. Non Toxic Communities.“Organic Athletic Fields.” https://www.nontoxiccommunities.com/organic-athletic-fields.html. Beyond Pesticides.“Natural Turf Management Results with Chip Osborne of Osborne Organics and Beyond Pesticides.”YouTube video.May 9,2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3P1T3fgy6I&ab_channel=BeyondPesticides. City of Irvine.“Organic Pesticides Program.” https://www.cityofirvine.org/news-media/news-article/organic-pesticides-program. Jackson,Josh.“For Fisher Cats,Grass Will Soon be Greener.”MILB.June 4,2019. https://www.milb.com/news/new-hampshire-fisher-cats-growing-organic-field-30733499 2. Winz,Robyn,Lee L.Yu,Li-Piin Sung,YuYe J.Tong,and Dejun Chen.“Assessing Children’s Potential Exposures to Harmful Metals in Tire Crumb Rubber by Accelerated Photodegradation Weathering.”Scientific Reports 13,no.1 (2023):13877. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-38574-z. PROPOSED RESOLUTION: Preliminary & Final Site Plan, Special Permit Cornell University Meinig Fieldhouse Town of Ithaca Tax Parcel No. 67.-1-13.2 Planning Board, October 15, 2024 WHEREAS: 1. This action is consideration of Preliminary and Final Site Plan Approval and Special Permit for the proposed Cornell University Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreational Facility, located at Robison Alumni Fields on Tower Road on the Cornell University central campus. The project involves replacing the Robison Alumni Fields with a 90,000+/- square foot, 56-foot-tall indoor fieldhouse building and a new synthetic outdoor field hockey field along with new sidewalks and pedestrian connections, stormwater facilities, landscaping, lighting, and other site improvements. Cornell University, Owner; Kimberly Michaels, TWM, a Fisher Associates Landscape Architecture Studio, Applicant/Agent, 2. Approximately 80% of the Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Center project is located within the City of Ithaca. The overall project area totals 7+/- acres, with 5.8+/- acres in the City of Ithaca (including the proposed outdoor synthetic turf field hockey field, approximately 74,000+/- square feet of the proposed fieldhouse building, most of the proposed paving, landscaping, lighting and stormwater management facilities) and 1.22.1+/- acres in the Town of Ithaca (including approximately 16,000+/- square feet of the proposed fieldhouse building, some paving, landscaping, lighting, and stormwater facilities), 3. The project is a Type I action under the New York State Environmental Quality Review Act (6 NYCRR Part 617), for which the City of Ithaca Planning and Development Board, acting as Lead Agency, issued a negative determination of environmental significance on September 3, 2024, 4. The Town of Ithaca Planning Board, at a Public Hearing held on October 15, 2024, reviewed, and accepted as adequate a Basic Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, along with an application submission titled “Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Facility, Site Plan Review Materials Submission,” prepared by Fisher Associates and dated September 20, 2024; said materials were supplemental to previously-submitted application materials and drawings dated December 15, 2023, April 19, 2024, and June 10, 2024, and other application materials, and 5. Project plans, and related information, were duly delivered to the Tompkins County Planning and Sustainability Department per New York State General Municipal Law §§239- l et seq., and such Department responded in a January 16, 2024, letter from Katherine Borgella, Tompkins County Commissioner of Planning, pursuant to §§239-l, -m, and -n of the New York State General Municipal Law, determining that the proposed action will have no significant county-wide or inter-community impact; NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED: 1. That the Planning Board hereby finds that the Special Permit standards of Article XXIV Section 270-200, Subsections A – H, of the Town of Ithaca Code, have been met, specifically that: A. The project will be suitable for the property on which it is proposed, considering the property’s size, location, and physical site characteristics. • The project is located on the Cornell University campus and will be constructed over two existing sports fields. The property’s size, location, and physical site characteristics can accommodate a fieldhouse building and associated amenities. B. The proposed structure design and site layout are compatible with the surrounding area. • The structure design is modern and will be located among other modern and historic structures on the Cornell University central campus. The structure and site layout are compatible with the surrounding college campus area. C. Operations in connection with the proposed use do not create any more noise, fumes, vibration, illumination, or other potential nuisances than the operation of any permitted use in the zone. • The proposed project will produce temporary noise, vibration, and other nuisances associated with construction. Such nuisances will cease upon completion of the project. Proposed illumination will comply with the Town Outdoor Lighting Law (Town Code, Chapter 173). D. Community infrastructure and services, such as police, fire and other protective services, roadways, schools, and water and sewer facilities are currently, or will be, of adequate capacity to accommodate the proposed use. • The proposal is largely located within the City of Ithaca, which contains its own community infrastructure and services. The services in the Town of Ithaca portion of the project are of adequate capacity to accommodate the proposed use. E. The proposed use, structure design, and site layout will comply with all the provisions of the Town Code and with the Town of Ithaca Comprehensive Plan, except where the Zoning Board of Appeals are considering area variances/appeals. F. The site layout, with proposed vehicular, bicycle and pedestrian access, traffic circulation, and parking and loading facilities, is sufficient for the proposed use and is safely designed for emergency vehicles. • The small portion of the site layout that will be in the Town of Ithaca includes a widened walkway that is specifically designed to accommodate multiple modes of transportation, including emergency vehicles. G. The project includes sufficient landscaping and/or other forms of buffering to protect surrounding land uses. Existing vegetation is preserved to the extent possible. • The surrounding land uses are college campus uses, which are the same as the proposed use. Most of the tree loss associated with the project will occur in the City of Ithaca. The fieldhouse building will be constructed over an existing disturbed site. The project includes a robust and sufficient landscaping plan surrounding the building and site. H. To the extent deemed relevant by the Planning Board, the proposed use or structure complies with all the criteria applicable to site plan review set forth in Chapter 270, Zoning. 2. That the Town of Ithaca Planning Board hereby grants Preliminary and Final Site Plan Approval for the proposed Meinig Fieldhouse Indoor Sports and Recreation Facility, as described in the materials listed in Whereas #4 above, subject to the following conditions: a. Before issuance of a building permit, receipt of any necessary variances from the Zoning Board of Appeals, b. Before issuance of a building permit, and per the memo written by David O’Shea, Emily Rodgers, and Justin McNeal, Town of Ithaca Engineering Department, dated October 4, 2024, revision of the SWPPP Volume 1 narrative to include the following additional comment: “If any fill sites are located within a designated MS4, the MS4 must approve the site and sign onto the SWPPP as an additional MS4,” and c. Before issuance of a building permit, and per the memo written by David O’Shea, Emily Rodgers, and Justin McNeal, Town of Ithaca Engineering Department, dated October 4, 2024, addition of winter stabilization procedures and specifications to the construction drawings, in accordance with the Construction General Permit and the NYS Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control, and d. . Before issuance of a building permit, submission of a fully executed (signed) Agreement Between the City of Ithaca and the Town of Ithaca for Building Permitting, Inspection, and Related Services for the Cornell University Meinig Fieldhouse Project, which must specify responsibility for all building permits, certificates of occupancy, certificates of compliance, and all code-related inspections. c. Formatted: Font color: Auto, Condensed by 0.1 pt Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.08", Hanging: 0.5", Right: 0.09", No bullets or numbering, Allow hanging punctuation, Tab stops: Not at 1" Formatted: Indent: Left: 0.5", No bullets or numbering