HomeMy WebLinkAboutPlan Appendix B10 Municipal Services
Town of Ithaca 2014 Comprehensive Plan B‐108
B.10 Municipal services and infrastructure
B.10.1 Water supply
Public water in the Town is supplied by three
entities: the Southern Cayuga Lake
Intermunicipal Water Commission (locally
referred to as Bolton Point and which supplies
water from Cayuga Lake); the City of Ithaca
(which provides water from the Upper
Reservoir on Six Mile Creek); and Cornell
University Water Filtration Plant (which uses
Fall Creek).
Some residents living along Taughannock
Blvd/NY 89 are still served by the City of
Ithaca. 40 Forest Home residents and the
Cornell University campus are served by the
University water system, and some Town
residents are served by private wells in rural
areas. However, the vast majority of the
Town is served by Bolton Point (see Water
service areas Map).
While the three entities operate independently from one another, emergency agreements and multiple permanent
interconnecting valves located throughout the system ensure emergency backup water supplies.
Bolton Point Water System: treatment and distribution
The Bolton Point water plant was constructed in 1976. Before this time, public water in the Town of Ithaca was
provided by the City of Ithaca, which also served the Varna area of the Town of Dryden and the Village of Cayuga
Heights. By 1972, demand for city water was approaching 6 million gallons per day (MGD), surpassing the amount
of water the city system could supply under drought conditions, which had been experienced in the mid-1960s. The
City of Ithaca, wary of added demand upon its system, declared a moratorium on the number of new water
connections outside the City. In 1974, the Towns of Ithaca, Lansing, and Dryden and the Village of Cayuga Heights
formed the Southern Cayuga Lake Intermunicipal Water Commission to develop a water plant on Cayuga Lake (the
Village of Lansing joined in 1975).60
The facility, jointly owned by the five municipalities, is overseen by a Commission made up of two representatives
(one of whom must be an elected official) from each municipality. The commission via a cooperation agreement
makes decisions on various aspects of the facility from expansion decisions, operating costs, debt retirement, and
personnel. Each municipality retains ownership of the distribution system within its borders and has responsibility
for system maintenance and in establishing their own water rate structure.
There are three basic elements of the Bolton Point water system: (1) the intake system, (2) the water treatment plant,
and (3) the transmission system.
60 Bolton Point website, http://www.boltonpoint.org/PopUps/ourhistory.html, accessed 1 August 2011.
Christopher Circle water tank.
Town of Ithaca 2014 Comprehensive Plan B‐109
Water service areas | Town of Ithaca
Town of Ithaca 2014 Comprehensive Plan B‐110
The intake system consists of a 36-inch diameter intake pipe that stretches 400 feet into Cayuga Lake to a depth of 60
feet, and the raw water pump station located on the shore. The raw water pump station has three pumps, with a
combined rated capacity of 9 MGD. With the construction of additional filters and two pump systems, its capacity
can be increased to 12 MGD; the original plans allow for a maximum expansion of the system to 24 MGD. From
the lakeshore pump station, there is a 20-inch diameter pipe running from the pump station up to the water treatment
plant on East Shore Drive, a rise of about 270 feet and a distance of about 1,800 feet.
The water treatment plant contains a chemical storage room, flocculation tanks, settling tanks, filter tanks, storage
well, a control room, and a pump room. The pump room has three pumps that raise the water another 360 feet to the
Burdick Hill storage tank; a distance of approximately 3200 feet. The plant is designed to process 9 MGD of water,
and its capacity can easily be increased to 12 MGD or more. Provision has been made for the eventual expansion of
the system to 24 MGD.61
The transmission system is made up of the Burdick Hill storage tank of 1.5 million gallons capacity, the Oakcrest
Road pump station (in the Village of Lansing), and over 10 miles of 16-inch to 20-inch transmission pipeline running
from the treatment plant through East Ithaca to its termination point at the Pearsall Place pump station on South
Hill. The transmission lines provide water to the five municipal systems, from which each municipality operates and
maintains distribution lines that serve their individual customers.
Town of Ithaca: distribution system
The Town operates and maintains all of the distribution system for Bolton Point supplied water within its municipal
boundary. The Water service areas map indicates the areas in the Town that are served. The Town’s varied topography
plays a large role in the complexity of this water delivery system and necessitates numerous water tanks and pump
stations throughout the served area. Service areas are established by the elevation of the water storage tanks and the
ground topography. The service area boundaries are essentially defined by the specified ranges of acceptable water
pressure that are maintained by each tank.
Approximately 72% of residential properties in the Town (outside of the Village of Cayuga Heights) with existing
dwellings have access to public water. Of those served, 7% are non-residential users and 93% are residential users.
Average daily consumption rates (based on billing records) are 131 gallons/day for residential usage and 3,607
gallons/day for non-residential usage.
The Town of Ithaca’s water distribution system consists of 12 water storage tanks and nine pump stations. The Water
supply tanks table provides information on Town-owned and maintained water tanks.
Until recently, the City of Ithaca supplied water to the Inlet Valley and West Hill areas of the Town of Ithaca.
Problems with water pressure fluctuation, fire fighting flow, and the City’s aging infrastructure led the Town to look
for a way to bring Bolton Point water to these areas. In 2001 the Town embarked on a series of system improvements
to make that happen. Modifications included:
A 16-inch transmission pipe was installed from Pearsall Road control station to Danby Road, with connection to
an existing eight inch line to the Danby Road tank and Ithaca College.
A 12-inch line was laid from Danby Road tank to Buttermilk Falls State Park using an existing abandoned
railroad bed.
A 250,000 gallon tank was installed on Bostwick Road to supply water to the distribution grid at Inlet Valley.
61 Bolton Point Water System website, http://www.boltonpoint.org/aboutus.html, accessed 1 August 2011
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A one million gallon tank (West Hill tank) was place near Mecklenburg Road at EcoVillage.
A pump station was placed on Coy Glen Road to pump water uphill to the new West Hill Tank; an existing 12-
inch line connected the West Hill tank with the Trumansburg Road Tank.
In addition, in 2006 a new three million gallon tank was placed near Hungerford Hill Road as part of improvements
to the existing transmission system. The new East Hill transmission tank, which acts as a reservoir for the system and
does not directly supply customers, enables Bolton Point to pump water at night to this tank, using off-peak electric
rates. In the daytime the transmission system delivers water to the East Hill, South Hill, Inlet Valley and West Hill
distribution grids and is filled at night. In case of a power outage or fire, the East Hill Tank reinforces the
transmission system with a two day supply of water.
Future planned improvements of the water system are aimed at addressing the aging system, with specific plans for
replacing and rehabilitating several of the older water tanks.
Water supply tanks | Town of Ithaca
Region Tank name Year built Capacity Customers * Average use **
Northeast Christopher Circle 1959 500,000 gal 400 80,000 gal/d
Sapsucker Woods 1959 500,000 gal 520 110,000 gal/d
East Hill
Pine Tree 1954 200,000 gal 442 160,000 gal/d
Hungerford Hill 1970 500,000 gal 219 60,000 gal/d
East Hill Transmission Tank 2003 3,000,000 gal Does not directly serve customers
South Hill
Ridgecrest 1968 500,000 gal 399 80,000 gal/d
Troy 1968 160,000 gal 129 50,000 gal/d
Danby (serves Ithaca College) 1954 500,000 gal 17 352,000 gal/d
Northview 1954 200,000 gal 200 60,000 gal/d
Inlet Valley Bostwick 2003 200,000 gal 120 33,000 gal/d
West Hill Trumansburg 1932*** 500,000 gal 151 152,000 gal/d
West Hill 2003 1,000,000 gal 125 50,000 gal/d
Total 2,722 1,187,000 gal/d
* 2007. Refers to water meter count, not actual number of consumers.
** 2007. Based on distribution meter readings at each tank supply line. Readings taken weekly. Figures reflect customer use
and do not include additional pass‐through water that supplies neighboring tanks.
*** Rehabilitated in 2006.
City of Ithaca water system: treatment and distribution
The City of Ithaca Water Treatment Plant (WTP) has been serving customers in the City of Ithaca and portions of
the Town of Ithaca since 1903. The plant serves over 35,000 customers and on average treats 3.27 million gallons of
water daily. Water is drawn from the Six Mile Creek reservoir in the Town of Ithaca (just north of Burns Road) and
flows by gravity to the WTP in the City on Water Street. After treatment, finished water is distributed to the public
through a distribution network consisting of roughly 85 miles of ductile iron and cast iron water mains. The
distribution system includes three pumping stations and six water storage tanks.62
Due to the age of the City WTP and the impending changes in water quality regulations, the City has proposed to
rebuild the existing 7 MGD WTP with a 6 MGD plant on the current Water Street site. The source of water would
continue to be the City’s existing Six Mile Creek supply impounded by the 60-foot dam. Raw (untreated) water
62 City of Ithaca, Water Treatment Plant website, http://www.ci.ithaca.ny.us/departments/dpw/water/wtp.cfm. accessed 15 August
2011.
Town of Ithaca 2014 Comprehensive Plan B‐112
would continue to flow by gravity from the reservoir to the new WTP through the City’s existing 24-inch diameter
cast iron pipeline. The proposal will require a number of modifications in the vicinity of the water intake at the 60-
foot reservoir; construction of facilities, security monitoring, upgrade of the access road to allow year-round access,
reservoir dredging, and so on.63
Cornell University water system: treatment and distribution
Cornell University owns and maintains its own potable water system, which serves the campus and portions of the
surrounding community. The Cornell Water Filtration Plant (WFP); originally constructed in 1929, serves a
population of 35,000: students, faculty, academic and non-academic employees, residents of the hamlet of Forest
Home, and a portion of the City of Ithaca.
The Cornell WFP produces an average of up to 1.7 MGD to meet the needs of its customers. Upon reaching the
plant, water is treated with sodium hypochlorite for disinfection and polyaluminum chloride for sediment removal.
The treatment process begins with the rapid mixing of coagulants followed by flocculation and sedimentation. The
water is then filtered, disinfected, and pumped to a 1.0 million gallon and a 1.5 million gallon water storage tank.
From these tanks, water is distributed to the campus via a network of piping that is approximately 120 miles long.64
Current daily average consumption is 1.5 to 1.7 MGD. Even though the campus building square footage has almost
doubled, water conservation measures have led to a reduction in consumption from a high of 3.0 MDG in the early
1970s. Strategies like requiring low-flow fixtures in campus buildings, district cooling, and improved lab practices
have contributed to the savings. Cornell’s water system is fully metered and water usage can be tracked for most
campus buildings online; information is available to the public on the facilities services Web site.65
B.10.2 Wastewater
The Town of Ithaca is a single townwide sewer district, although not all lands in the Town have access to municipal
sewer. There are six distinct geographic service areas within the Town that have approximately 3,200 connections.
The West Hill collection system serves properties on and adjacent to Trumansburg Road, Dubois Road, Woolf Lane,
Bundy Road, Mecklenburg Road, Westhaven Road, and Elm Street. The sewer mains along these highway corridors
connect to jointly owned interceptor pipes in the City. The three interceptors converge near the Buffalo Street Bridge
at the Flood Relief Channel. A combination of gravity and low-pressure (siphon) piping convey flow over and under
the Channel, respectively. Lakefront parcels along Taughannock Boulevard (from the City boundary to the Town of
Ulysses’ border) are also served by a Town sewer main. The Taughannock Boulevard main connects to a jointly
owned interceptor pipe and pump station in Cass Park. A force main from the pump station extends beneath the
Cayuga Inlet to Pier Road.
The Inlet Valley system extends from a jointly owned interceptor on Floral Avenue and serves parcels along Five Mile
Drive, Seven Mile Drive, Elmira Road, and Enfield Falls Road. A siphon beneath the Flood Relief Channel
discharges to a pump station in the Cherry Street industrial park.
63 City of Ithaca Water Supply Project SEQR draft scoping document, 22 June 2007.
64 Cornell University Facilities Services Energy and Sustainability website,
http://energyandsustainability.fs.cornell.edu/util/water/drinking/distribution.cfm, accessed 12 August 2011.
65 Building Utility Use and Costs History, http://energyandsustainability.fs.cornell.edu/em/bldgenergy/history.cfm
Town of Ithaca 2014 Comprehensive Plan B‐113
Sewer service areas | Town of Ithaca
Town of Ithaca 2014 Comprehensive Plan B‐114
Sewer mains throughout the South Hill neighborhoods converge at jointly owned interceptors in the City of Ithaca on
Aurora Street, Hudson Street, and Crescent Place. The Danby Road corridor serves most of Ithaca College, the
South Hill Business Campus, and the commercial uses in the vicinity of the West King Road intersection. The
collection system along Coddington Road serves a limited number of residential customers between the City of
Ithaca boundary and West Northview Road. Therm, Inc. and residential neighborhoods in the vicinity of
Pennsylvania Avenue, Northview Road, Troy Road and East King Road (Southwoods, Deer Run, and Chase Lane
developments) connect to the interceptor at Crescent Place.
The East Hill system includes extensions of jointly owned interceptors on East State Street/Slaterville Road (from the
City of Ithaca boundary to Burns Road) and on Mitchell Street from the City of Ithaca boundary to Summerhill
Lane. Collection pipes serving residential and institutional uses on Pine Tree Road, Honness Lane, Snyder Hill
Road, and the Eastern Heights neighborhood connect to the Slaterville Road interceptor. Commercial and high
density residential properties surrounding the East Hill Plaza discharge through the Mitchell Street interceptor.
The Northeast system includes the Town’s sewer infrastructure in the vicinity of the Warren Road and Hanshaw
Road corridors north of the Cornell University Campus. Sewage from the residential and institutional properties is
ultimately discharged into the Village of Cayuga Heights collection system and treated at the Village of Cayuga
Heights Wastewater Treatment Plant.
The Lake Street system includes gravity collection mains along Lake Street and throughout the Renwick Heights
neighborhood; they extend from an interceptor sewer at the Ithaca High School. The East Shore Drive properties,
including a few City parcels adjacent to Stewart Park, drain to a pump station which lifts sewage to the Lake Street
main.
There are also many portions of the West Hill and South Hill areas that do not have access to the municipal sewer
and use private septic systems to handle their waste.
Village of Cayuga Heights Wastewater Treatment Plant
The WTP for the Village of Cayuga Heights is a trickling filter plant with tertiary phosphorus removal. It treats flow
from the Village of Cayuga Heights, the northeast portion of the Town of Ithaca, parts of the Village and Town of
Lansing and the Town of Dryden. The wastewater collection system is a gravity system and is operating at 1.477
MGD of a permitted 2.0 MGD maximum 30-day flow. The plant has been upgraded to improve the phosphorus
removal capability. All of the capacity is owned by the Village and is allocated to neighboring municipalities by
contract. The recent activation of the Kline Road bypass in the Village of Cayuga Heights collection system directs a
portion of the volume of sewage for Town of Ithaca customers in Northeast Ithaca to the Ithaca Area Wastewater
Treatment Facility.
Ithaca Area Wastewater Treatment Facility
The Ithaca Area Wastewater Treatment Plant is jointly owned and operated by the City of Ithaca, Town of Ithaca,
and Town of Dryden. The maximum 30-day flow through the facility in 2008 was 9.83 MGD (approximately 75% of
the 13.0 MGD permit limit). The surplus capacity of 3.17 MGD is owned in varying percentages by the three
municipalities, with the Town of Ithaca owning approximately 1.181 MGD of the surplus capacity. Sewage
generated in the Town of Ithaca is transported to the plant via portions of the City’s sewer system.66
66 Countywide Inter‐municipal Water and Sewer Feasibility Study for Tompkins County, T.G. Miller, P.C., Stearns & Wheler, and John M.
Andersson, P.E., 31 March 2010.
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B.10.3 Stormwater
Until relatively recently, the primary objective for municipalities managing stormwater was to control the quantity of
it. Because this often posed problems for downstream locations, stormwater management evolved into the use of
detention facilities to delay the rate and flow of runoff downstream. The 1993 Comprehensive Plan described just
four detention facilities that existed at that time, including only one publicly owned stormwater management facility,
constructed in conjunction with the DeWitt Middle School.
With recent involvement from the Federal and State governments as a result of amendments to the Clean Water Act,
municipal management of stormwater runoff has significantly evolved with a major focus now aimed at water
quality. This broadening of the concept of stormwater management has brought about elaborate new techniques for
controlling and treating stormwater runoff--
and has also brought about a host of new
responsibilities for the Town of Ithaca,
including oversight for an expanding number
and variety of stormwater management
facilities
Beginning in 2003, the Town of Ithaca and
many other municipalities in Tompkins
County were mandated to comply with
Federal and State water quality regulations,
commonly referred to as the Stormwater
Phase II Program. These regulations
administered by the NYS DEC required all
regulated municipalities to obtain a permit
from the DEC for the discharge of
stormwater runoff into surface waters. As a
condition of this permit, regulated
municipalities were required to develop and
implement a comprehensive stormwater
management program that included
mandated programs and practices for the
following elements:67
Conduct outreach and education about
polluted stormwater runoff.
Provide opportunities for residents to be
involved in conversations and activities
related to stormwater management.
Detect illicit discharges, such as a pipe
dumping directly into a stream.
Control construction site runoff.
Control post-construction runoff.
Perform "municipal housekeeping" by taking steps to prevent runoff from municipal grounds and activities.
67 Stormwater Management Guidance Manual for Local Officials, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation and NYS Department
of State, September 2004.
Stormwater inlet on Winthrop Drive, part of a larger drainage improvement
project in Northeast Ithaca.
Town of Ithaca 2014 Comprehensive Plan B‐116
To comply with these regulations, the Town adopted a Stormwater Management and Erosion and Sedimentation
Control Law in 2008. The law requires the installation of temporary erosion control measures at construction sites
and the construction of permanent onsite stormwater treatment and control facilities at many new building sites
meeting certain thresholds. The Town of Ithaca is required to review and approve Stormwater Pollution Prevention
Plans (SWPPP) plans and designs for controlling runoff and pollutants resulting from these projects, as well as for
conducting regular inspections of the temporary erosion control measures used during construction activities. The
Town is also required to monitor and perform periodic inspections of permanent stormwater management facilities to
ensure that they are regularly maintained and continue to function as they were designed for in perpetuity.
As required by NYS DEC, the Town maintains an inventory of all permanent stormwater management facilities in
the Town. The current inventory (as of 2012) includes 40 permanent stormwater facilities. These include stormwater
wetlands (created), bioretention ponds, swales, sand filters, and rain gardens. Most facilities are privately owned and
maintained. Owners of permanent stormwater facilities are required to enter into an operation, maintenance and
reporting agreement with the Town, specifying that current and future owners of land containing stormwater facilities
are responsible for future operation, maintenance, and repair to ensure that they continue to function for their
designed purpose. The agreement reserves the right for the Town to access and conduct inspections of stormwater
facilities. If deficiencies are found and not remedied, the Town reserves the right to have repairs performed at owner
expense.
The Town also adopted an illicit discharge detection and elimination law in 2008. The Storm Sewer System and
Surface Water Protection Law is intended to prohibit non-stormwater discharges (pollutants) from entering the
stormwater conveyance system. Illicit discharges can inadvertently enter the stormwater system from failing septic
systems, or they can intentionally enter the system through illegal dumping of material (e.g. used motor oil) into
storm drains or ditches. To implement this law, the Town has developed and continues to update a map of its entire
stormwater conveyance system. The Town is required to inspect a portion of this system annually.
The Town is a partner in the Stormwater Coalition of Tompkins County. This intermunicipal organization was
created in 2003 to provide a means for regulated communities in Tompkins County to work collectively to meet the
goals of the NYS DEC’s stormwater management requirements. The Coalition is composed of 10 Tompkins County
municipalities along with ex-officio members, including the Tompkins County Soil and Water District which provides
technical and administrative assistance. Among its many benefits, the Coalition sponsors trainings and various public
outreach efforts to educate the public about the impacts of pollutants and stormwater runoff.
Implementation of Federal and State stormwater regulations has increased the role of the Town in managing
stormwater impacts. These regulations mandate compliance but offer very little in the way of assistance, leaving the
Town and other local municipalities on their own to find and allocate resources to implement the program. Funding
and staffing needs will need to be carefully examined so the Town meets the challenges of implementing evolving
regulatory requirements, and of ensuring that ever- expanding stormwater infrastructure is adequately maintained.
B.10.4 Road maintenance
There are approximately 121 miles of roads in the Town, of which 50 are owned and maintained by the Town of
Ithaca. The roads owned by the Town are maintained by the Town Public Works Department. The latter is
responsible for paving and repairs, winter maintenance (plowing and salting), roadside mowing (where needed to
keep the area clear and provide adequate site distance for road users), catch basin and ditch cleaning and
repairs, and other road maintenance duties. Public Works Department also plows and salts sections of State and
County roads through shared agreements with these entities.
Town of Ithaca 2014 Comprehensive Plan B‐117
The Village of Cayuga Heights maintains its own roads except for a few small sections maintained by the Town.
Cornell University and Ithaca College build and maintain most of their own internal roads.