HomeMy WebLinkAboutTB Minutes 1987-09-28 TOWN OF ITHACA
SPECIAL TOWN BOARD MEETING
September 28, 1987
At a Special Meeting of the Town Board of the Town of Ithaca,
Tompkins County, New York, held at the Town Offices at 126 East
Seneca Street, Ithaca, New York, at 12:15 P.M. , on the 28th day of
September, 1987, there were:
PRESENT: Noel Desch, Supervisor
Henry McPeak, Councilman
Shirley Raffensperger, Councilwoman
Marc Cramer, Councilman
Gloria Howell, Councilwoman
Patricia Leary, Councilwoman
ABSENT: Robert Bartholf, Councilman
ALSO PRESENT: John Barney, Town Attorney
Susan Beeners, Town Planner
Edward King, 308 N. Tioga Street
PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
The Supervisor led the assemblage in the Pledge of Allegiance.
YOUTH SERVICES - CONTRACT WITH THE CITY
Supervisor Desch presented to the Town Board, the following
memorandum dated September 28, 1987 on the Youth Services -
Contract with the City:
"We had our first meeting on Tuesday, September 22 on this matter
with City officials. In attendance were Messrs. Cafferillo, Cutia,
Gutenberger, Ms. Peterson and Beeners along with myself. The City
distributed information pertaining to Town youth participation in
the various programs (see attached) . The City hinted that they
expected the Town to do two things (1) meet the City halfway on
their request, i.e., double our current payment the first year from
$80,000 to 160,000, and (2) go with them to the County to have the
County pick up the missing 30% of the pie.
I indicated that our 1988 budget planning included a 10a increase
in the Town's share from $80,000 to $88,000/per year and that we
would evaluate all of the options between now and the third quarter
of 1988. They were not very happy and the meeting ended shortly
thereafter.
On Friday, September 25th the Mayor called to offer a •possible
• compromise; they would accept 10% for next year if the Town would
accept Town youth paying double the rate of the City youth for
programs. We currently pay the same rate. They did not say what
this would add in revenue but based on last years participation it
would add about $20,000 to the $8,000 increase.
If we decline the offer they may tell us costs will be 3-4 times
the City rate. However, they realize (I think) that politically
this will have a very adverse fall out from Town parents
Town Board 2 September 28, 1987
complaining to Youth Bureau staff and a significant decline in
participation will result.
I'm inclined to believe we should say go ahead and double the rate
but not increase the amount of Town contribution (i.e. , we would
fix the amount at $80,000) . The problem is we have a gun to our
head again and we need to make a decision before Thursday when the
Council B&A Committee meets."
Supervisor Desch went on to say that on the chart, that the Board
members have, the soccer fee would be changed, Town kids are now
paying $12.50 and the City wants it doubled to $25.00, Small Fry
Football would go from $10.00 to $20.00, and so on down the chart.
Councilman Cramer stated that he felt he would have to object
because those are the programs in which the Town kids are
predominately involved, they are the least expensive programs that
the City Youth Bureau runs and it seemed to him that the real cost
to the Youth Bureau are the costs of the Mechanical All-Stars and
the One to One programs. He stated that he did not mind a fee for
those types of programs but he did object to doubling of the fee
where you have large usage.
Supervisor Desch remarked, on the other hand, even at the double
figures the price is pretty low and does not include their total
costs. What they are looking for in the long term is to cover
their overhead cost which is a very high cost as far as Youth
Bureau is concerned. What they are going to have to do, he
thought, is to look at the whole fee structure or think about
cutting back on overhead. We are talking about long term
arrangements because these figures do not represent the cost of
running those programs.
Councilman Cramer asked where were the cost figures for running the
Program?
Supervisor Desch replied, that is what we do not have.
Councilwoman Raffensperger remarked, so there are eleven Town of
Ithaca kids in this particular program, but what does that program
cost per participant?
Supervisor Desch replied, what we asked them for, when they wrote
in July, was for the gross cost of the programs and the net cost of
the programs because some programs have income coming in because
they are eligible for State Aid, others do not have any income
caning in. They have not put this information together at all, and
this does not help us.
Councilman McPeak remarked that some of the participation is very
low.
Councilman Cramer replied, that is because they are School District
functions. He want on to say that what really bothered him was the
analysis sheet, you have the number of participants and the percent
of the total, if you total up the participants outside the City and
• the Town you would find out that you have 32.30 of the total
participants outside who are not paying a dime. He went on to say
that it seemed to him that before the City came to the Town they
should go to these people.
Supervisor Desch responded that they do now pay double fees where
the Municipalities are not participating. What the City would like
to do is to launch an effort with the County, but the County is not
going to do anything in the next few weeks about a contribution it
going to take at least a year. So the options are do we say okay,
Town Board 3 September 28, 1987
we will go with a loo increase on the same basis that we are paying
now, or should we drop out or should we willing to accept the fact
that the Town should pay double recognizing the fact that the
actual costs of the programs are greater, or what.
Councilwoman Raffensperger stated that there was only one thing she
did not understand about paying double, and that is that a child
from Dryden pays double but the Town of Dryden puts in no
percentage. So not only are we going to put in a large chunk but
our children are going to pay double.
Supervisor Desch added and the Town of Dryden person probably will
be paying three or four times more under the City's new approach.
• Councilman Cramer remarked that he kind of resented the cost of ice
skating lessons being doubled, he also resents the Hockey Program
being double or tripled, it doesn't say so on the sheet but there
is a fee that the Hockey Association pays to the Youth Bureau for
the use of the rink. You start multiplying this out, and you take
a kid who is in three or four activities, and you starting doubling
those fees per kid it is then prohibitive for that family to be
involved in those programs and I take an exception to that.
Councilman McPeak added, especially if they have three or four
kids.
Councilwoman Raffensperger added, and the kids who most need the
Youth Bureau programs are not going to be able to afford them.
CouncilwOman Howell noted that before, any municipality who
Participated in the Youth Bureau programs, as we have, they used to
charge our children the same as the City and now they want to
change.
Supervisor Desch replied, when we met the other day their counter
offer was that the Town's share should go up from $80,000 to
$160,000. You are talking about, at that level, another $.50 a
thousand on the tax rolls, so you are talking about $25.00 to
$30.00 a year additional taxes on the average house, just for that.
He stated that he would hate to try to defend and respond to this
addition without having the proper information to substantiate
this.
Supervisor Desch asked if he should go back to them saying that the
circumstances of the timing of year, we would be willing to
continue the current program with our 10% increase on the same
basis as the previous years?
Councilman Cramer replied that until they provide us with real hard
numbers, which we are entitled to, he was unwilling to see us
contribute at the rate they are asking.
Councilwoman Raffensperger stated that the Town must be realistic
and find out what they will accept so that they will not be cutting
of the services fram the kids.
• Councilman Cramer remarked that they need our participants more
than they need our money because it's the participants that
generate the federal money.
Councilwoman Raffensperger asked, what if we pay the additional 10%
and then said we need this additional information in order evaluate
the remainder of your request, but we will for a period of three
months or six months, pay the difference that the doubling of the
fees would mean. This will give us a chance to get the information
we need.
Town Board 4 September 28, 1987
Councilman Cramer replied that at the same time he would like a
study done, inhouse, to determine what the real cost to offer the
programs to Town residents would be, seperate from the City Youth
Bureau Program. He stated that he would not like to be locked in,
at the end of the evaluation period, into continuing the program.
Supervisor Desch summarized the discussion by saying that since we
need that information suppose we would accept their doubling of the
fees as of September lst, 1988 and making no commitment as to 1989
and then that would allow most of the programs to have
participation at the straight level. They won't be particularly
happy with that but on the other hand that is a reasonable response
because neither they nor we are going to have the time, nor the
information to justify the doubling, as early as January 1988. As
far as the cost to our Town parents, most of it will be the same.
Councilwoman Raffensperger asked if there was any middle ground in
this, noting someone had heard the Supervisor on the radio talking
about this, and they said they felt the fees were a little on the
low side. And that individual parents should pay some more. She
felt, however, that even this person would be stunned, having three
children and having the fees doubled.
Councilman Cramer replied that he still felt that the Town still
needed some kind of an impact from the Youth Bureau Advisory Board
to tell you what the most costly programs are and to be able to
evaluate that. He went on to say that perhaps we don't want to
Participate in some of those programs.
Councilman McPeak agreed with Councilman Cramer.
COVENANTS AND BY-LAWS FOR BLACK OAK PROTECT
Supervisor Desch asked the Town Attorney where he was in his
discussion with Mr. King?
Town Attorney John Barney replied that he had been through them and
Ed King and I talked briefly this morning about them. He stated
that he would walk through what he had.
The Town Attorney suggested that the Board start with the Covenants
first. The Town Attorney noted that on the first page, Article I,
he noted that no one had Exhibits B and C.
Mr. King replied that they were not finished at that time, however,
they are now.
Town Attorney Barney went on to note that on the second page, he
had sane discussion with Mr. King, he stated as he understood these
Covenants they are to apply to two pieces of property, one about a
half acre with a building on it at present and the remaining area,
and that's going to count as one unit towards the twenty units
total being developed up there, but that's already occupied or will
be occupied or is under construction but it's going to have people
in it and when you go to file with the Attorney General for
• Homeowners Association is you have rental property where it is
already rented you have some additional requirements that have to
comply whereas if it is brand new construction for owner occupancy
then you go a different route. Ed King as indicated a desire to
exclude from the Covenants and therefore, from his Offering Plan
with the Attorney General that one unit, at least initially. That
is why there is a 6.55 acres parcel referred to in the first line
of the second paragraph of Section 4 rather than 7.05. He went on
to say that as he reads these Covenants and Mr. King can confirm my
reading, the Declaration does apply to that entire 6.55 acre parcel
Town Board 5 September 28, 1987
although it is the plan of the Developer to phase in various stages
the actual conveyances of land to the Homeowners Association which
would then be subject to the Covenants. So that initially you will
start out with just Phase I then pick up the next phases, depending
on how the phases are done.
The Town Attorney went on to say that there was a little confusion
when he read through that so Mr. King is going to look at it to see
if it can be clarified to make it clear that the Declaration is
across the Board and that nothing else can happen to this land
except this development but he did not want his client to be
committed to having to construct all 19 units at once. This is
very similar to what we did with Eastwood Commons.
• Supervisor Desch remarked, then Phase I is four units.
Mr. King stated that there was no question but what the entire
parcel should be subject to the Covenants and he wished to make it
clear that it was stated saneplace. He went on to say that he
agreed with Mr. Barney that the entire 6.5 acres must be subject to
the Covenants and it will be cleared up.
The Town Attorney went on to say that on page 3, it says that the
commonland is subject to the use by the declarant. He stated that
he was a little troubled by that kind of a broad statement. Once
it is conveyed to the Homeowners Association, other use, unless
made specific for construction on adjacent land should probably
cease.
Mr. King stated that the purpose was to make sure that the
developer is able to extend rights-of-way across that to the South
to continue the project. He also will likely have a show unit up
there, in Phase I, and an Office even, that is why I had to make
sure that they understood that the developer still has some rights
in the Phase I area to be able to bring his trucks in and cross it
and everything else. That's all its meant to be. May be that
language needs some clarification.
Town Attorney Barney stated that the term used is carte blanche and
he thought it should be limited.
Mr. King stated that he felt this was covered in another section.
Town Attorney Barney went on to note that on page 4 the definition
of lots, Class I lot, Class II lot and Class III lot, he stated
that he had a little difficulty in going from a Class II lot to a
Class III lot because Class II talks about a lot where there is
substantial completion and doesn't have a certificate of occupancy
and Class III lot is where no residence has been begun or
substantially completed. There is kind of a loop hole there
between what exactly is a unit that has been begun but has not
substantially complete, is this a Class III or a Class II. He
stated that he would suggest that Class III definition should be
changed to say no residence upon which there has not been
substantial completion of a unit, or change Class II to say its a
lot on which no unit has been begun.
• Mr. King stated that the classifications were from the Canmoniands
project and he was not exactly sure what controlled.
Town Attorney Barney remarked that the other area he had a question
about was, is the intention here to have common areas designated
for specific clusters and to be used by the people in that cluster
only?
Town Board 6 September 28, 1987
Mr. King replied that the bulk of the common area goes for the
first phase, so that the people are assured of the use of all that
land but I did not want them to get the impression that this was
their land. They could then exclude anyone else from even getting
into the project. Whether any land can ever be designated for a
particular unit use only, will be up to the Board.
Town Attorney Barney remarked that page 5 threw him as he read it
but he understands the explanantion under "f" "Common Areas and
Facilities" the definition in the bracketed material, you indicated
that no common areas have initially been so designated. He went on
to say that when he read that, initially, I thought that no area
had been really designated as the entire area. But I see what you
are saying, no area has been designated as a cluster common area.
• May be we can just add that.
Councilman Cramer stated that he read that to mean that no common
land, has infact, been designated in the entire project.
Town Attorney Barney replied that that was how he read it at first,
and that was what threw him.
Town Attorney Barney remarked, for the Boards information, if you
go on to page 7 there is a definition of quorum of owners and a
requirement that the Class B member must be present in order to
have a quorum, this means that the Class B member is a declarant,
this means that no action can be taken for as long as there is a
Class B member chooses not to show up for a meeting. Later on the
termination period of a Class B membership is defined as being 5
years from the first residential sale, eight years from the
declaration or at a time when there are more Class A members than
there are Class B votes. As long as that Class membership exists,
he can defeat any action by simply not showing up at a meeting.
Supervisor Desch asked if this was consistent -with Commonland?
Mr. King replied yes, as far as I know.
Town Attorney Barney remarked, it is not an unheard of thing.
Councilman Cramer questioned page 7, Article III, where it refers
to exhibits, will those exhibits be before the Town Board before
the final vote on this?
Mr. King replied that they are strictly deed descriptions which
John Barney can check against the land. He stated that he had a
copy with him.
Supervisor Desch asked Mr. King to describe the exhibits.
Mr. King replied, Exhibit A is the owner deed, Exhibit B covers all
of the Phase I and Phase II areas, Exhibit C is a definition of
each of the other phases.
Supervisor Desch asked how many phases would there be?
• Mr. King replied, there are six phases, the sixth phase not having
been approved for units but having been approved for the
construction of a garage.
Town Supervisor Desch asked the Town Attorney if he planned to work
further on Article IV?
Town Attorney Barney replied yes and Article III, also. He went
on to say that Section B "On Other Additions" allows additional
lands to be added and made subject, when there are 750 of the
Town Board 7 September 28, 1987
Association in favor. It is a little inconsistanct because later
on there seems to be the privilage of the declarant to add
property, period. We should have some consistency.
Mr. King felt this was phasing in. Cornell owns the adjoining
property so the only way any additional land could be added is if
Cornell decided to sell. This is unlikely.
Town Attorney Barney went to page 11, remarking that Subparagraph D
at the bottan of the page say that the devleloper alone has the
right to grant easements across common areas. He stated that he
felt some kind of a time limit should be put on this priviledge.
Something consistent with as long as he is a Class B member, at the
most. Subparagraph F on the top of page 12 give the Owners
• Association the right to mortgage, among other things, the common
areas and he felt this should be subject to access rights of the
other owners. May be even subject to this declaration.
Mr. King replied that there was no way they could not be subject to
the declaration.
Town Attorney Barney replied, it's interesting, you have a
declaration saying they have the right to mortgage it and this is
what worried him, it should be subject to the declaration.
Supervisor Desch remarked that on page 13, "F", it bothered him
that only 10 days are given after service. He went on to say that
he was thinking of 30 days and asked if this was unreasonable? If
saneone was away for any length of time this could be a problem.
Town Attorney Barney remarked that there is still a process that
must be gone through above the 10 days inorder to forclose the
lien, if someone came through with the money in 20 days this would
end the foreclosure. However, he stated that he had no strong
feels either way.
Mr. King remarked that he thought the reason for this was that it
would give the Association authority to act in an emergency
situation. The Association should be able to act without having to
wait through the summer while someone is away.
Supervisor Desch remarked that the relationship of the statement
"are not paid" is what bothered him, within 10 days. you may have
a case where someone might have difficulty in arranging financing
within 10 days. The Supervisor remarked that it was no so much the
commitment but the action itself that bothered him.
Town Attorney Barney asked Mr. King if he saw a problem with 30
days?
Mr. King replied, that it probably would not make any difference
because it would take 30 days to get around to it anyway.
Town Attorney Barney noted that on page 14, subparagraph i, again
the developer has the privilege of doing all kinds of things with
no time frame expressed. He suggested that "i" be limited to as
• long as he is a Class B member.
Mr. King agreed this would seem reasonable.
Town Attorney Barney noted the top of page 15, he stated that he
was not sure the definitions were consistent with what was defined
for the class lots. He went on to say that on page 16,
subparagraph b, this is the area where we define the duration of
the Class B membership, he stated that he would like to suggest
Town Board 8 September 28, 1987
that subparagraph b, be from the completion of the construction of
the first new residential building.
Mr. King replied that this was meant to continue the construction
even though it have been more years. He stated that "c" actually
covers this.
John Barney replied, he misread this but also he felt eight years
was a long time for the declarant to retain this control, unless
there is a rapid sellout where you get to the 15 units early.
Mr. King replied that the reason for such a period is to take care
of what could happen. Suppose we are in a recession next year and
for the next two years you can't even borrow money to complete the
• project, these things do happen, he is going to complete it if
there is money in it and he can finance it. There may be a
substantial period of lets say after the first two buildings are
done, there might be a time when he could not move for several
years.
Supervisor Desch asked the Town Attorney if he was saying that if
this was to remain as eight years that something would have to be
done about the ability of the Class B member to prevent any action
on the part of the Association?
Town Attorney Barney replied, I think so. He stated that it
troubled him that who ever buys a house up there has to wait eight
years before there vote is really worth something.
Supervisor Desch remarked, suppose you limit that phrase to
something less, say four or five years.
Town Attorney Barney replied, that is how it is accomplished
through this provision, right here. This is where they define a
Class B member and as long as it is for eight years a Class B
member, unless 15 units are sold, retains control of the
Association.
Mr. King remarked that perhaps the point could be covered by saying
in the By-Laws that if a meeting is called and the Class B member
has received notice of it and does not attend, they can adjourn it
once and if he does not show up at the adjourned meeting then they
can go ahead without his vote.
Town Attorney Barney replied, even with that he still has a three
to one voting ratio so it continues and even if he shows up he
controls the action until this ends. As a potential buyer, he did
not think it was appropriate to ask them to wait eight years before
he had a real voice.
Supervisor Desch asked Mr. King to talk to his client and see if he
would be willing to go for five years.
Councilwoman Raffensperger asked what "B" means? She went on to
say that it means a period of five years passes since completion of
construction of, does it really mean any building?
• Supervisor Desch replied, yes.
Councilwoman Raffensperger went on to say, the next one is the
transfer of title of the first lot, she stated that somehow she had
gotten all mixed up.
Mr. King replied that the eight years is the ultimate maximum
expansion, anyway.
Town Board 9 September 28, 1987
Councilwoman Raffensperger questioned, its transfer of the title of
the first lot, not two right?
Town Attorney Barney replied, transfer of a lot to any owner.
Supervisor Desch questioned page 16 where it refers in section 1,
property tax assessment for real property taxes, is it necessary to
put in there including benefit assessments?
Town Attorney Barn::=r7 rAnlied, we can put it in. Most of the
benefit assessment would go against units but there could be
acreage benefits.
Mr. King remarked, on the question of the termination of Class B,
can we try to resolve that?
Supervisor Desch replied yes. The thought is that we will try to
finish this up on the 5th of October.
Supervisor Desch noted that on page 17 there was a reference to
improvement of community facilities, the use of the word community
canes up for the first time and it didn't seem to him that it was
consistent with the definitions. Does that mean common facilities
or is it yet a different meaning?
Mr. King replied, actually part of his problem was that some of it,
like common facilities like the sewer lines, pumps, etc. , which are
generally in common areas may cross in lots.
Supervisor Desch asked if there was a need for a separate
definition?
Mr. King replied, that it gets used to mean the whole 6.5 acres,
the whole development.
Supervisor Desch remarked that from what you are saying, it is not
covered by the definition of common areas or cluster common areas.
Mr. King replied that community is not intended to cover private
lots and commons lands.
Supervisor Desch noted that on page 6, definition "p" states
project community development. The word community being often used
to reference the group of owners in a residence as well as the
property.
Town Attorney Barney indicated that he felt this was okay.
Town Attorney Barney, referring to page 18 and 19 questioned the
last sentence which authorizes the developer to satisfy his
obligation for such assessment in whole or part by providing
maintenance services, he went on to say that he did not know if
this came out of Ccmmonlands or what but he stated that it bothered
him a bit when you have a situation where a developer again has the
control and is making determinations as to whether the maintenance
service he performs are equal to the amount of money he owes as a
lot owner. He stated that it would seem cleaner to simply strick
that and have the developer presume he is going to have a
management contract which defines what he is supposed to do and
what he is going to be paid for that, and then have him pay his
money as any other lot owner would except the ratios are reduced.
Mr. King replied that the reason it is there is that certainly for
the first year, the developer will probably just go in and, do
everything, period. There won't be any assessments, there won't be
a charge. He will be doing it because he wants to work in the
Town Board 10 September 28, 1987
project and he wants to get the stone out of there, he will
actually be doing more than his share.
Town Attorney Barney- asked who was going to determine whether
that's worth 25% of what everyone else is paying? Is the developer
going to determine that? In effect he does, he controls the Board.
Mr. King replied that the developer has so much at stake.
Town Attorney Barney replied that it opens the door to much
unhappiness. It's much cleaner to say we have signed a maintenance
agreement which says what the developer will do.
Mr. King agreed this was reasonable.
• Town Attorney Barney mentioned page 22, The Management Agreement,
he noted that there was a provision there, as drafted, that say the
Management Agreement can only be terminated, again, by vote of a
super majority of the Class A members which is a 2/3 vote and the
Class B member. The Class B member is usually the manager or he
has a company that is affiliated with him that acts as a manager.
He stated that he had suggested to Mr. King, this morning, that if
that is the case, then the requirement of the Class B vote should
be eliminated. This is quite a conflict of interest and that he
had drafted some new language which Mr. King has agreed to.
Town Attorney Barney continued, on the section of "Mortgagee
Interests" it talks about the Association shall if, the first
mortgagee so requests, . ...he stated that he could contemplate a
multitude of first mortagees, each unit owner could have a
different institution. Is it the contemplation of this section
that every first mortgagee if they so request will be given notice?
Mr. King replied yes, I think that is right.
Town Attorney Barney replied, we may want to change that to any
first mortgagee on any unit so requests. .. . . He went on to say
that he thought it was implicit because later on I think we say
that these won't be changed except with the consent of the Town.
But certainly items "a", "b" and "e" would require Town approval
before any change. There should be flat statement. He suggested
it be added to Article 17, page 36 and 37. The Town should see any
significant or material amendments.
The Town Attorney noted that Section 17, page 32 talks about "Self
Help" and it says that the Plan or the Association can use such
force as may be reasonable. He stated that he would like to see
this limited to force against the property. He went on to say that
on page 34 is the limitations on leasing and assumed these were
satisfactory in gross terms. He noted, however, that there is a
kind of a escape hatch here which allows the Board of Directors
variations in the leasing. If there are going to be any allowances
which increase the number of months that a unit can be leased this
should come back to the Town Board.
Supervisor Desch, noting the section on public hearings asked if
they should not be required to notify the Town.
Town Attorney Barney agreed and suggested that it go further
stating that no such rules which increase the permissible period of
renting in any 36 months or 60 month period will be effective only
with the consent of the Town.
Councilwoman Raffensperger questioned, these are attached units,
right, no where in here, she noted, did she see a unit defined as a
single family dwelling and, therefore, as far as she could figure
Town Board 11 September 28, 1987
out there are no occupancy restrictions whatsoever on units because
our Zoning Ordinance only restricts occupancy in single family and
two family dwellings.
John Barney responded, on page 35 at the top subparagraph "c"
limits it to the Zoning Ordinance. He stated that he wanted to
take this out and say that no owner would permit his unit to be
occupied by (a) family related by blood, marriage or adoption; (b)
a single person or (c) not more than unrelated persons.
This would spell it out as part of the Declaration so that it is
part of the Declaration.
Councilwoman Raffensperger added, if you just leave this, the
Zoning Ordinance, as far as she could see, doesn't address the
• question.
Town Attorney Barney asked how many unrelated person per unit does
the Board wish to permit?
Supervisor Desch replied that he thought it was spelled out in
other Covenants.
Town Attorney Barney replied that he thought it was three.
Supervisor Desch replied, two.
Councilwoman Raffensperger agreed two, if you double them up and
you look at what the Zoning Ordinance says about it, it's a two
family dwelling, we had some kind of an in between figure.
ADJOURNMENT
The meeting was duly adjourned.
V�75w-n Clerk
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