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HomeMy WebLinkAboutEngineer's Report - Ludlowville Road TOWN OF LANSING TOMPKINS COUNTY, NEW YORK December 1, 2021 ENGINEER’S REPORT Possible Solutions to Reopen Portion of Ludlowville Road Presently Closed Due to Land Slides PREPARED BY: T. G. Miller, P.C. Engineers and Surveyors Ithaca, New York To Seneca Falls To Auburn To Ithaca “Home of Industry, Agriculture and Scenic Beauty” 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2 2. HISTORY……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 2.1 PREVIOUS STUDIES…………………………………………………………………………………………………2 2.2 RECENT HISTORY…………………………………………………………………………………………………….2 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS……………………………………………………………………………………………………..3 4. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 4.1 REOPEN THE ROAD TO VEHICULAR TRAFFIC……………………………………………………………4 4.2 PERMANENT ROAD CLOSURE………………………………………………………………………………….5 4.3 WALKING PATH CONVERSION..……………………………………………………………………………….6 5. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6 APPENDICES Appendix A – Existing Conditions Sketch with Notes and Photos Appendix B – Sketch of Required Repairs Appendix C – Ludlowville Road Opinion of Probable Cost Appendix D – 1971 Stability Research on Tompkins County Route CR 159 (County Report) Appendix E – 1993 T.G. Miller Engineer’s Report 2 1. INTRODUCTION A portion of Ludlowville Road, located south of Brickyard Road and north of the Lansing Schools, has been closed several times dating back as far as 1971 due to slope failures on both the uphill and downhill sides of the road. Slopes on both sides of the road have proven to be unstable and pose hazards to vehicular and pedestrian traffic. In 1994, in response to one such closure, the Town issued a Request for Proposals for the design and construction of various drainage improvements, sheet pile retaining walls, road reconstruction, and associated repairs. Unfortunately, the road has been closed again due to slope failures along portions of the 1994 repairs as well as along the older 1900’s concrete retaining wall. The objective of this Report is to determine possible actions to render the roadway safe. Actions and costs associated with both repairing the road and abandoning the road, in the event a determination is made that the repairs to the 1994 project are too costly, are presented. Information for this Report is based upon a collection of previous studies, repairs, and recent site inspections. 2. HISTORY 2.1 Previous Studies Four separate studies were performed on this section of road (previously County Route 159) in 1971 and 1972. Three of the four were compiled by students of Cornell University in 1972 and another in 1971 for the Tompkins County Highway Department (‘County Report’) Appendix D. The County Report was the most detailed and comprehensive and included conclusions based on soil testing, soil profiles, and ground water conditions. Conclusions of all studies were that the road required surface and subsurface drainage improvements, cutting back of uphill slopes, construction of retaining walls, and alteration of the road alignment would be necessary to solve the issue of frequent slides in the roadway. Furthermore, it was determined that the costs associated with these repairs would be so substantial that abandonment would not be an unwarranted option. 2.2 Recent History In June of 1993, T.G. Miller, PC was consulted to investigate the causes of landslides and potential repair options to mitigate the damages. Two separate site inspections were conducted, and observations about the condition of the roadway, embankments, and existing retaining walls were made. At that time, two separate sections of road embankment had given way, and a section of the slope uphill of the road had slid down the hill, covering about 200 feet of the roadway. It was also noted that the existing concrete retaining walls were structurally sound, but were beginning to show signs of minor spalling/flaking. An area of erosion just north of the northernmost concrete retaining wall was noted as an imminent danger to the failure of the retaining wall. Two alternatives were proposed. First, a series of retaining wall repairs, new retaining walls, drainage upgrades, and a complete rebuild of the roadway pavement section. Alternatively, measures that would need to be taken to close the road were evaluated. The conclusion was that the cost and effectiveness of repairing the road outweighed the option for abandonment for the benefits it provided to the community for keeping the road open. 3 Stemming from the 1993 engineer’s report (Appendix E), a Request for Proposals was solicited by the Town in June of 1994 to secure professional engineering and construction services to reconstruct Ludlowville Road. It should be noted that the cost of this project was offset by special emergency funding from New York State in the amount of $209,000. Orchard Earth & Pipe of Solvay, New York, in conjunction with JDI, Inc. Engineering and Construction Services of Rome, New York were awarded the contract at a price of exactly $209,000. The project was completed in early 1995. It included several hundred linear feet of sheet pile retaining walls, tree clearing and cutting of the uphill slope, several hundred linear feet of culvert and drainage upgrades, and several hundred cubic yards of excavation and backfill. 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS In January of 2021, The Lansing Highway Department was made aware of some potential failure with the Ludlowville Road embankment and retaining walls. Representatives of TG Miller, PC and the Highway Department performed a joint site inspection shortly after the issue was reported. A detailed sketch of their findings from this inspection is attached as Appendix A. In the vicinity of the house at #63 Ludlowville Road, additional storm piping and structures were connected to the 1994 drainage system, effectively increasing the watershed area and introducing additional flow through the system. It is believed that all of the drainage pipes, weeps, and underdrain that penetrate the sheet pile retaining wall have either completely sheared off, or had the inverts compromised by movements in the sheet pile, roadway embankment, or both. It is asserted that the combination of these conditions created a situation where runoff and groundwater introduced hydraulic loading on the embankment at the base of the sheet piling. As a result, multiple sections of the sheet pile retaining walls have either failed, or are in the process of failing. At these failure points, the embankment immediately downhill of the sheet piles has given way and slid down the hill toward Salmon Creek, leaving a deep washout. In some areas, the depth of this washout either meets or exceeds the embedment depth of the sheet pile. Areas of sheet pile with large amounts of corrosion were also observed. The southernmost concrete retaining wall had an erosion issue that was noted in the 1993 report which has worsened to the point where it is beginning to undermine the northern buttress. If left unchecked, it will more than likely continue to undermine the foundations of the wall until it eventually fails. The corrugated metal pipe culvert (CMP) that penetrates this wall has had the invert completely rusted away, most likely causing settlement of the roadway embankment above it. All of the steel pipes that serve as weeps for the retaining wall appear to be in a similar condition. The flaking and minor spalling observed in the 1993 report appears to have worsened slightly and several areas of the wall have spalled to the point where some reinforcing steel is visible. The northernmost concrete retaining wall has weeps, a CMP culvert and concrete in a similar condition to the southern wall. These concrete retaining walls are believed to have been built in the early 1900’s with evidence of square steel reinforcing visible is a few areas. The southern retaining wall also has a safety fence that has failed and is partially suspended from the structure. The cut slope from the 1994 project (uphill side of Ludlowville Road) appears to be relatively stable with no indication of pending slope failure but has little sustained vegetation growth and signs of rill erosion. This condition appears to have caused some of the cross culverts under the road to become partially 4 silted in. The ditch at the toe of this slope also has some areas that require regrading due to siltation, as evidenced by the growth of reed grasses and standing/ponding water. 4. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS Three possible options have been identified for planning purposes. These options include reopening the road for vehicular traffic, closing the road permanently and lastly converting the roadway to a pedestrian path. These options are further outlined below. 4.1 Reopen to Vehicular Traffic At a minimum, the repairs itemized below should be implemented to facilitate reopening the road. A detailed sketch showing the locations of these repair items can be found in Appendix B.  Repair Washout Areas: In the three areas where washouts of the downhill slope have occurred, the compromised sheet piling should be removed by torch cutting or some other means which will cause minimal disturbance to the road embankment. The U-shape sheeting that has failed should be replaced with a system of Z-shaped sheeting with walers and tie-backs, similar to the repairs that were made in the 1995 project. Slopes downhill should get additional sheeting with auxiliary weeps and drainage, per the “Typical Washout Repair Detail” shown in the sketch. Easements may be required, as some of this repair may need to take place beyond the highway boundary. The cross culverts that have been partially sheared off by the sheet pile will be removed and replaced.  Stabilize Retaining Wall Buttress: The buttress at the north end of the southernmost concrete retaining wall requires stabilization. This could be accomplished by driving Z- shaped sheet pile around the exposed footing of the buttress and tying it into the nearby sheet pile retaining wall from the 1995 project. Once this is completed, the foundation of the buttress can be backfilled in a similar fashion to the washout repair details. Some Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), or “flowable fill” as it is commonly known, may be required to ensure that gaps and irregularities at the base of the buttress are adequately filled in. An easement may be required for this work.  Storm Piping and Underdrain: A system of storm piping and underdrain should be installed below the centerline of the existing ditch along the uphill side of the road. This underdrain should be at a substantial enough depth and shall be adequately sized to cut off and carry away any ground water and infiltrated surface runoff from the nearby slope. The depth of this underdrain should be determined based on further geotechnical investigation. In order to prevent shearing of the pipes at wall penetrations, as is currently the case today, the storm piping and underdrain should be run parallel to the retaining walls and be daylighted to the ditch beyond the affected area. The ditch will then be shaped and graded to provide optimum drainage. Alternatively, cross culverts could be replaced but this condition would further contribute hydraulic loading to the steep slopes and contribute to the ongoing erosion issues.  Replace Existing 72” Steel Culvert: The steel boiler pipe culvert near the Brickyard Road intersection should be replaced due to significant corrosion and age. For the purposes of this report, a replacement with a 72” CMP culvert was assumed. However, it should be noted that this culvert crossing should be evaluated for hydraulic capability and possibly increased in size.  Repair Existing Concrete Retaining Walls: In an effort to extend the life of the existing concrete retaining walls on Ludlowville Road, some concrete repairs should be made. 5 Repairs will consist of sounding the surface of the concrete; defining deficient concrete for removal; sawcutting the perimeter of deficient areas; removal of concrete; surface preparation of concrete and any exposed rebar; and patching with NYSDOT approved vertical and overhead patching material. These measures should serve to significantly extend the life of the structure. For the purposes of this report, it is estimated that roughly 60 percent of the surface area of the wall will require repair. Actual quantity of repairs may vary.  Abandon Existing CMP Storm Pipe: The CMP storm pipe which penetrates the southern concrete retaining wall has had its invert rusted away. The lack of invert appears to be causing settlement in the roadway directly over the culvert. To prevent future settlement, it is recommended to excavate the culvert, remove it, backfill, and repave the area. Alternatively, grout injection techniques could be evaluated to reduce deep excavation within the roadway. Patching of the hole was assumed to be factored into the patching of the retaining walls.  Stabilize Existing Ditch: The ditch line downstream of the proposed storm and underdrain system, which carries surface runoff to the 72” culvert near Brickyard Road, should be cleaned, reshaped, and regraded. After the geometry of the ditch is brought back to standard, it should be stabilized. For the purposes of this report, it was assumed that the stabilization would be provided with light stone fill. However, a series of stone check dams and possibly vegetative practices could be used.  Upgrade Channel to Creek: Stormwater that is conveyed through the 72” culvert at Brickyard is not well defined from the culvert to the creek. To facilitate the conveyance of stormwater, a channel should be excavated from the culvert outlet to the edge of Salmon Creek. The channel closest to the culvert outlet will receive some light stone fill to help dissipate water velocity exiting the culvert. The balance of the channel could be lined with vegetative practices to prevent erosion. Easements will likely be required for this work.  Guiderail Removal and Replacement: Due to the nature of the work, a large majority of the guiderail in this area will need to be removed prior to the start of work, stored for the duration of construction, and then reset at the end of construction. These repairs should serve to alleviate all of the concerns with the roadway and prolong its serviceable life span. The above recommended repairs are largely based on field observations, assumptions, and past history. As such, the actual costs of both engineering and construction could be higher. As presented in Appendix C, the opinion of total probable project cost associated with this repair is approximately $1,940,000. It should also be noted that both concrete retaining walls have likely exceeded the designed lifespan and that the repairs suggested herein will only serve to slightly prolong the life of the retaining walls. The sheet piling that remains intact from the 1995 project is also noticeably corroded in some areas. Considering the seasonal presence of de-icing salts in a roadside environment, one can assume that the degradation of the sheet pile to continue at a constant rate. To effectively repair and/or replace all of the deficiencies with the existing wall systems will involve additional technical investigations and add significant cost above the value of the repairs that have been identified above. 4.2 Permanent Road Closure The County Report in 1971 and the three studies done by Cornell Students in 1972, and the 1993 TG Miller report all elude to the fact that the repairs necessary to keep the road in a safe condition for 6 public travel are extensive and very costly. If not for the emergency funding received from New York State in 1994, this section of road may have been closed. Considering that there are several alternative routes available, along with the fact that lands adjacent to this area are (and probably will remain) undeveloped, the possibility of leaving this portion of road closed becomes a pragmatic solution. Certain measures will undoubtedly need to be taken to make this a viable option. The residence at 63 Ludlowville Road, adjacent to the southernmost concrete retaining wall, will require continued access to their property that the road provides. As a result, some of the repair measures above may need to be implemented. The concrete retaining wall will need to be stabilized in some fashion, some of the stormwater and ground water will need to be managed, and the failing road and sheet pile may require removal. In addition, adequate barricades and signage will need to be installed. The costs associated with these measures may still prove considerable, but can be assumed to be substantially less than the repair option explained above. In additional, long- term maintenance and future replacement cost of infrastructure along this stretch would be reduced. 4.3 Walking Path Conversion The possibility of leaving a portion of the road open to pedestrian and bicycle traffic may also be considered as an alternative to a complete closure of the road. It is likely that many of the repairs outlined in section 4.1 (above) would need to be implemented to make the walking path safe for maintenance vehicles and pedestrian traffic. Sheet pile repairs; stormwater management and drainage upgrades; the stabilization of the concrete retaining walls; and appropriate signage and barricades will more than likely be required to make the conversion of the road into a viable walking path a viable option. In this scenario, the western lane of the road may be closed but still needs to be protected from further degradation. It may still be necessary for the Town to maintain the walking path utilizing some combination of wheeled vehicles and motorized equipment, so certain repair measures and maintenance considerations will need to be implemented. It can also be assumed that the residence at 63 Ludlowville Road will need to be provided long term access to their property as outlined above. Similarly to the road closure option in section 4.2, the costs associated with these measures will more than likely be fairly substantial, but may prove somewhat less than the complete repair option outlined above. Once again, further exploration into the legal obligations of the Town would need to be conducted before refinement of a plan for converting the road into a walking path can be adequately assessed. 5. CONCLUSION The repairs necessary to return this portion of Ludlowville Road to a satisfactory condition that is safe for either vehicular or pedestrian traffic will be both extensive and costly. All previous studies and reports have concluded that when the benefits of this road to the public are weighed against the associated costs of repairs and ongoing maintenance, the permanent closure of the road should be considered. It should be noted that even the complete closure of the road will require some amount of time, effort, and funding. At this point it should be considered that no matter what course of action is taken, further planning, engineering, and analysis will be necessary as the findings of this report should be considered preliminary. North wing wall servilely undermined with channeled water from road shoulder directed to this area. Road settling, appears to be over the old rusted CMP. Water ponding along road shoulder adjacent to wall w/ reed grass. S t St St St St St St St St St St St ? Recently added storm inlet and 12" +/- piping to the north. Possible change in watershed? open roadside ditch 20'+ tall conc. retaining wall. Conc. spalling, rebar exposed, weep holes appear partially blocked, safety rail/fence failed. St St St St St St S t S t Dry stacked rock wall Steel waler w/ anchor rods along face of sheeting. 4" perf HDPE weeps have been sheared off and partially plugged. wash out/land slide to bottom of slope. possible excess water from diverted watershed? Evidence of water seep at toe of sheeting. conc. shoulder sheeting separated approx. 2-3' steel member guide rail posts Road/culvert settled and sheared off culvert at wall. Water appears to be seeping behind wall, sheeting starting to bow out. Large scour hole at face of wall. 4" wall drains sheared and plugged. eroded ditch partially silted in pipe non stabilized slope Road/culvert settled and sheared off culvert at wall. Water appears to be seeping behind wall. Large scour hole at face of wall. 4" wall drains sheared and plugged along entire length, north of conc. wall. need to verify if this is working Conc. wall 15'-20' tall, spalling, weeps drains rusted, CMP culvert rusted out S t S t St St St 6" PVC underdrain w/ flowing water. rusted culvert, joints starting to separate, deformed, inv. appears to have been poured w/ conc. at one time, mostly eroded away. Red/brown colored water w/ sheen. Consider further investigation. St ? 4" HDPE perf Appendix A 63 T.G. Miller photo inspection and notes. 1/11/2011 OPEN DITCH (TYP) OPEN DITCH (TYP) DRY STACKED STONE RETAINING WALL. RECENTLY ADDED DI AND 12" STORM SYSTEM STEEL I-BEAM WITH ANCHOR BOLTS ABANDON AND FILL EXISTING CMP STORM PIPE TIE INTO EXISTING STORM PIPE. BEGIN STORM PIPE AND UNDERDRAIN BELOW DITCH STA 10+50 DEMO/ABANDON EXISTING STORM PIPING. REMOVE EXISTING SHEETING AND REPLACE WITH NEW PZ-27 SHEETING. WASHOUT REPAIR (SEE DETAIL) I I 4" DIP WEEPS LIGHT STONE FILL (TYP) BANK RUN GRAVEL FILTER FABRIC EXISTING GRADE (TYP) INSTALL NEW PZ-27 STEEL SHEETING DIRECTLY IN FRONT OF THE REMAINING EXISTING SHEETING(TYP) PZ-27 STEEL SHEETING (TYP) PZ-27 STEEL SHEETING, 1" THREADED ROD, AND I-BEAM TIE-BACKS (TYP) TORCH AND REMOVE FAILED SHEETING AT/BELOW EXISTING GRADE (TYP) EXISTING SHEETING TO REMAIN (TYP) INSTALL NEW PZ-27 STEEL SHEETING FROM EXISTING SHEETS AROUND THE BASE OF THE RETAINING WALL BUTTRESS. BACKFILL WITH LIGHT STONE FILL AND BANK RUN GRAVEL AND INSTALL DIP WEEPS. (SIMILAR TO DETAIL BELOW) LIGHT STONE FILL (TYP) TYPICAL WASHOUT REPAIR DETAIL (N.T.S.) REMOVE, STORE, AND RESET HPBO GUIDERAIL (APPROX. 750 LF) DAYLIGHT STORM AND UNDERDRAIN TO DITCH STA 6+50 EXISTING GRADE (TYP) FACE OF SHEET PILING (TYP) STORM PIPING STA 6+50 TO STA11+50 TYPICAL STORM AND UNDERDRAIN SECTION (N.T.S.) REPAIR OPTION #1: -REPAIR WASHED OUT SHEET PILING -STABILIZE RETAINING WALL BUTTRESS -UNDERDRAIN AND/OR STORM SYSTEM BELOW DITCHLINE -STABILIZE LOWER PORTION OF DITCH -CONCRETE RETAINING WALL REPAIRS -72" CULVERT REPLACEMENT -IMPROVE CHANNEL FROM CULVERT TO CREEK REPLACE EXISTING CULVERT UPGRADE CHANNEL TO CREEK (+/- 300 LF) UNDERDRAIN CONCRETE REPAIRS TO EXISTING RETAINING WALL CONCRETE REPAIRS TO EXISTING RETAINING WALL STABILIZE DITCH STA 6+50 TO STA 2+25 Appendix B 63 LUDLOWVILLE ROAD REPAIRS - OPINION OF PROBABLE COST TOWN OF LANSING, NY 9/27/2021 REOPEN ROAD TO VEHICULAR TRAFFIC NYSDOT ITEM #DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT UNIT COST SUBTOTAL REPAIR WASHOUT AREAS 552.11 PERMANENT STEEL SHEETING 6700 SF $62.04 $415,668 620.03 STONE FILLING (LIGHT)700 CY $62.71 $43,897 203.07 SELECT GRANULAR FILL 650 CY $60.75 $39,488 XXX W12x30 STEEL WALERS, THREADED ROD, & HARDWARE 5400 LB $1.75 $9,450 207.20 GEOTEXTILE BEDDING 300 SY $4.35 $1,305 203.02 UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION AND DISPOSAL 190 CY $30.45 $5,786 204.01 CONTROLLED LOW STRENGTH MATERIAL (CLSM)100 CY $229.20 $22,920 XXX INSTALL DIP WEEPS 6 EA $200.00 $1,200 589.01 REMOVAL OF EXISTING STEEL 7000 LB $3.25 $22,750 $562,463 STABILIZE RETAINING WALL BUTTRESS 552.11 PERMANENT STEEL SHEETING 1000 SF $62.04 $62,040 203.07 SELECT GRANULAR FILL 20 CY $60.75 $1,215 620.03 STONE FILLING (LIGHT)700 CY $62.71 $43,897 204.01 CONTROLLED LOW STRENGTH MATERIAL 10 CY $229.20 $2,292 XXX INSTALL DIP WEEPS 3 EA $200.00 $600 207.20 GEOTEXTILE BEDDING 50 SY $4.35 $218 203.02 UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION AND DISPOSAL 10 CY $30.45 $305 $110,566 STORM PIPING AND UNDERDRAIN 203.02 UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION AND DISPOSAL 578 CY $30.45 $17,593 623.12 CRUSHED STONE (IN-PLACE MEASURE)530 CY $97.51 $51,680 XXX 12" HDPE CULVERT PIPE 400 LF $35.00 $14,000 605.1502 PERFORATED CORRUGATED PE UNDERDRAIN, 6IN DIA 400 LF $25.04 $10,016 520.09000010 SAW CUTTING ASPHALT CONCRETE 120 LF $4.33 $520 621.5100002 GRADING CLEANING AND RESHAPING DITCHES 400 LF $1.53 $612 402.198904 19 F9 BINDER COURSE HMA, 80 SERIES COMPACTION 20 TON $109.31 $2,186 203.07 SELECT GRANULAR FILL 361 CY $60.75 $21,938 $118,545 REPLACE EXISTING 72" STEEL CULVERT 203.02 UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION AND DISPOSAL 250 CY $30.45 $7,613 XXX 72" CMP WITH 2 GALV. END SECTIONS 50 LF $325.00 $16,250 203.07 SELECT GRANULAR FILL 175 CY $60.75 $10,631 620.05 STONE FILLING (HEAVY)20 CY $87.99 $1,760 520.09000010 SAW CUTTING ASPHALT CONCRETE 40 LF $4.33 $173 1 APPENDIX - C 402.198904 19 F9 BINDER COURSE HMA, 80 SERIES COMPACTION 30 TON $109.31 $3,279 $39,706 REPAIR EXISTING CONCRETE RETAINING WALLS 582.07 REMOVAL OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE-REPLACEMENT 3000 SF $142.61 $427,830 WITH VERTICAL AND OVERHEAD PATCHING MATERIAL $427,830 ABANDON EXISTING CMP STORM PIPE 203.02 UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION AND DISPOSAL 20 CY $30.45 $609 203.07 SELECT GRANULAR FILL 20 CY $60.75 $1,215 520.09000010 SAW CUTTING ASPHALT CONCRETE 40 LF $4.33 $173 402.198904 19 F9 BINDER COURSE HMA, 80 SERIES COMPACTION 10 TON $109.31 $1,093 $3,090 STABILIZE EXISTING DITCH 621.5100002 GRADING CLEANING AND RESHAPING DITCHES 425 LF $1.53 $650 207.20 GEOTEXTILE BEDDING 283 SY $4.35 $1,233 620.03 STONE FILLING (LIGHT)94 CY $60.84 $5,746 $7,629 UPGRADE CHANNEL TO CREEK 203.02 UNCLASSIFIED EXCAVATION AND DISPOSAL 333 CY $30.45 $10,150 610.16 TURF ESTABLISHMENT - PERFORMANCE 500 SY $4.35 $2,175 620.03 STONE FILLING (LIGHT)20 CY $60.84 $1,217 $13,542 GUIDERAIL REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT 606.66 REMOVING & STORING HPBO CORRUGATED BEAM GR 750 LF $4.40 $3,300 606.58 RESETTING HPBO CORRUGATED BEAM GUIDE RAIL 750 LF $35.02 $26,265 $29,565 OPINION OF TOTAL PROBABLE CONSTRUCTION COST $1,312,936 CONTINGENCY 30%$393,881 ENGINEERING, DESIGN, PERMITTING 15%$196,940 CONSTRUCTION ADMIN/INSPECTION 3%$39,388 ROW/EASEMENTS/LEGAL 4%$52,517 OPINION OF TOTAL PROBABLE PROJECT COST $1,943,145 2 APPENDIX - D 1971 Tompkins County Highway APPENDIX - E