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HomeMy WebLinkAbout03-05-2020 CAC Minutes DRAFT 1 Town of Lansing 2 Conservation Advisory Council 3 Monday, March 6, 2020 6:30 PM 4 5 Present Excused 6 Robyn Bailey Andra Benson 7 John Fleming Thomas Butler 8 John Greenly Karen Edelstein 9 Carrie Koplinka-Loehr Todd Walter 10 David Wolfe 11 12 Other Staff 13 C.J. Randall, Planning Director Sue Munson, Code Office 14 15 Public Present (12)that signed in 16 Jennifer Minner Yuefu Lin Fan Feng Brandon Ravenell Xinyu He Joo Eun Seo 17 Hannah Faulwell Tyler Koty Xhan Zhang Olivia Messenger Naomi Crimm 18 Xiastong Yang 19 20 Co-Chair Carrie Koplinka-Loehr opened the meeting at 6:32 pm. 21 22 Student Presentations from Jennifer Minner's Cornell Class 23 24 CRP 5530 Land Use Planning Methods Natural Resources Inventory Maps Student Presentations to the Town of Lansing .� Conservation Advisory Council } `+ March 5,2020 r Instructor: Jennifer Minner Associate Pr&asmr .: - '... _,--,..* ;."•' j,rninner12€ornel1.edu Teaching Assistant Eunahlung ei2 WcDmell.op ea AffdWhM1ufflAAPVft 25 r,asp —g,,GOUfICiyloff S:.h ialm rvloui, 1;r,d iossanst• an at wIL5a Caption h%, F,;bc,k.r4AWs to nh;7tccrreV:-r Page 1 of 29 DRAFT Yuefu Liu a_ 4 Fan Feng What are Soils & Why are Soils Important FOUJVD4TON OF CITY&RURAL PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT Sail is often defined as the composition of mineral particles_organic matter-water, and air.The primary texture of sails, such k'rK..• as sand, silk and clay, describes different Soil types- . Soils affect vario us human activities from agriculture to the civic construction of , ,,' roads, buildings, and sewage disposal ► �. systems-They are crucial in determining the productivity and viability of agricultural i practices- Page 2 of 29 DRAFT Classification of Soils Lansing Soil Type Natural Resources Conservation Service {MRCS}is the agency Ur;d� MLr E 13 d.1 Sail TW. responsible foc X�' preparation of maps M C"- showing soil series 101 containing soils that share corn morn proffies- Soil series are further divided r1lu into soil types that share M common physical features, general ULMM Epi properties that affect the U; .'.�:V-0tijrvu r q use of the soil, and ti properties that limit WELD suitability for cultivation- MMF- Permeability and Soil Types Soils can be broken down into four Ftydric Sod Categories (HSC)based on their permeability. Group A is sand, loamy sand or sandy loam types of soils. R has low runoff potential and high infiltration rates even when thoroughly wetted_ GroupB is silt loam or loam_ It has a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wetted and consists chiefly or moderately deep to deep, moderately well to well drained soils with moderately fine to moderately coarse taxlu-res- Group C soils are sandy clay loam_They have low infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted and consist chiefly of soils w1th a layer that impedes downward miavement of water and soils with moderately fine to fine structure_ GroupD soils are clay loam, silty clay loarn, sandy clay,silty clay or clay-This HSG has the highest runoff potential. They have very low infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted and consist chiefly of clay soils with a high swelling potential, soils with a permanent high-water table, soils with a claypan or clay layer at or neaf the surface and shallow soils over nearly impervious material_ Page3 of 29 DRAFT Permeability and Soil Types Sail Name Hydrologic Sci I Group Halsey-Mardn-Madalin UD Howard-VaFais-Para- k AllLnrial land-Muck and Pea- AD AdgxxtZhenangD-Made land Fresh V&W Nbrsh Kendaia-Lyons-Eei-Lima BOD &at}FUalais.Lansing AB Laryfard B Chppeaa and alder-liar- aq) ""and Lansing-H owuy e-Gan nine B Carssus E. Lcrd=-tm%n-Tuller4)vid- A ClateerrErie lippews C Rhinebe& �-he•_s--jd=-orrr'arfuga- aD Col la-ITar-Cun rJ k-Widen-ean Hydric Soil Lansing Hydric Soil WETLANDS _ ....� t Flydric sags are defined by the National Technical Commdttee for Hydric Soils (NTCHS)as sots that:formed under conditions of safunatkxi,hooding,or w agnTox A � I — panding long enough during the growing season.to develop anserohoa ur�i�a cand-itians in the upper pert(Federal Register, 1994).These sags are:egtTer ��'•� -�-�� ——saturated or inundated long enough L dlunng the growing season to support kuri a the:growth and FEpmduclion of „�iKaa nvphnc Ca HLnrA:d 3w•daryy hydrophytic Vegetation. _ '•5x '• 9{GC Lonti ng hRl u Uesms I ?7'kwNw by riuru Liu.Fun Fury I aR}DEN Oxia Crculud,2M24R020 The three essential ahersoteristics ofI _ I arasoa�r usan �5 -rc{3cIbr:Ni.a IM 5t=!F2nc wetlands are hydrophylic vegetation, y --r wo-w_var� �rra�IPs�taz_r x hydric si0s.and wetland hydrology- Criteria far each of the charaoteriAcEp ,� mL15t be met for areas tU be id�errEi6ed —.._— ��° ITIMGA�A HEIS�'IT� i 09 i 2Kr. as wetlands. Page 4 of 29 DRAFT Agricultural Soil Lansing Agricultural Sail PEFT41NPRWEFARMLAND TO MEET FOOD AND Ff8Ew4 �' NEED .....ti• �' I I , —.•L - _..._ — Pliarne faTmland is of m$jflr 4 w importance in meetirtg thee Nation's short-and h6rng-range neects far faced and fibev. I I 111 { To-n 4J-�[a.hi,N:p:rwr Scu lla,F Prune farm nation gtand is a designation �s .._..._ .._...�.':� •�; a f4��y:��{ �-�-�—. �t" ,4prl�illtUrel 3611 assigned by U.S. department - 'I ' _ �tiy. N m'►s sr p�^417xrtf and of A.gliouRure defining land Chat aLnurasauno h �'• .�.��:�.+-.-�.���� I'��� r:.,,r-I,�Ia:.,.,.r.FM��.,,� h as the best combination of F,m umvanr rcrs r{y physical and ch�rnicel x AIL$ cheisUErnshcsfflr producingZYXI LiAsiq ❑,ea43tl tV'.icN L L.Fcn Fenn food,feed,forage,fiber, and uLraaes L I OIYrCEN ors Cr atcd:sip,M Bala Scarcr aJvr:n gUY jW-C5 oilseed craps and is also ` -I. ! lef - Prate u�7 hFo_I :_hzxwr ra_ avadabie for these land uses. ti t NT_Y9�t_1 4 11'a J+-%,-.'Vf_1 w. S Fl=LU .Xartt r.a++rrggC4£ c AHE T8 Soil Drainage Lansing Soil Drainage PLANTSTF T Soil drainage maydetefmine which s, types of plants grow hell in an +� rL ;�T area.Many aglicuftural sails need I'k goad drainage to improve or f - sustain production flr to menage h � raanTax water supplies. Proper drainage s �, I �' I TxnMm CD 64N:*tl 9nuncora improves sail structure;increases �� �i-Ai+ wa � .�I 9491 oralnagv Efficiency of phosphorus Fertilizac r— 41}•,txl•�•II•�•a:l 4 4+ Can5er5fe5 5011 nlll-4gEn;and Facrlp:rants?, } :'�V._�,4 F~ � controlslla wateggirrg,6Ear-ping, r I �, l~I i so,lnnata�m;a:ra xux.ax uxc 1 �.wi�- -k'a selme•+.d 3'si•i•• and salinixation of sags caLm-Ed by v I� irrigation. ..- l+ 1 Scm-A-x c,crsrerr era a:d ^' 2fRC Lans rg hF ULY58ES — f:reanewi bJ t' Liu.Fan Fcrg " Vtn Classes of nallural sail j—� I r)RYVEN nano f'rcalcr. 9;-2-7117II Maw Rnuroa AR A�RFAJR•.^.Q drainage are reoagni�zed: 1` wrlav*c ."At}_196S- I9•,a_ excessively drained,sramewhat � `j 4an_7a6L0uM-aL`P3J'02 reef exoe-Bsi-,Jely drained,well dmiried, ll r moderately-well drained, somewhat _ — � drr:. '°'' •^ poorly drained.poorly drained,and rwmnn .j,,, ra cRliocw 0 wi.? 1 2Aliox Mery poorly drained. DRAFT THANK 9. Yuekj ► • Slope and Topography • Slope and topography describe the shape and relief of the land. Topography is a measurement of elevation. • Slope _s the change in that elevation over a certain distance. Factors affecting slope Benefits of mapping slope Gravity - Informs appropriate land use • Geology designations • Identifies flood hazards, Erosion vulnerable communities and Soil drainage properties • Soil type Water collection and runoff • Man-made changes tc the la--d management • Erosion control DRAFT Elevation The elevation of the ground in IJansing slopes dramatically from the level of the lake, at its western loorder, to high s' I points outside the boundary of the town to the east. crow points within the town are x' I located within the gorge that :i zvns diagonally through the geographic center. v J:rtAn:.Dr. a .E{r..�': L. G 1 2 4PA IE: —'mil{;Ark511 rf. I I I I I I 1 I N MO L. ry NRl C eW cl B.: : PrRW TIM dYUp ClealeJ:`L'1���M DeJn Sasso: Pm*Aior:NA.D iqo3 Sim�Pb-e hew Yolk itr lral f IP5;I I:r1-eT Slope Lansing can he characterized into high-slope coastal and riparian edge areas and low- slope developable agricultural highland areas. The steepest ` points in the town are at the I edge of the gorge and then lake, while the flattest areas are located around the town boundary and to the north. w•r. K a , l'ty,_l LY':S1Qyt •• fi!':,x•f.�Y!Y�t, N.—EL._��-.'1E II 3i C1ar,rl„�r:,,j l l!� rFbr_ tlX1Yi[:Iv J w ar�ir{ �OK-1R N 2{.20-aIrsVC NR -t#S —+a4r]ur.GRP35?? .rckc5on Nh]17B�8L�eP oryc Ntw YC Ik Page 7 of 29 DRAFT Slope with Hydrology & Wetlands Open wetlands are concentrated in the highland areas, which drain ° into channelized streams which flow from these areas into the 1 }- R gorge or directly into the lake. Most of the water drains into the gorge from flatter developable land. Care should be taken not to drain water in excess due to concerns of erosion, and to .. contain pollutants that could ;p harm the ecological and scenic :.%o:siot­W' ,_h value of the gorge environment. -I-`473[A}axX1CIL-J'ds ^^ - 'l 4'Al- Slaps N !UD L:ns ir.rRI n Cic 153 '_Y 1=d 3+.CI '2! n Is§ 3S, •�cOkre M`,�16!J.3aI3P'-m lick rA ©v.�-Irk �_b'1'J F1F881N Fcc' Land U1-4 What is Land Use? and How we have developed and currently use the landscape Land Why is it important? Cover Existing patterns enable communities to identify current forms of development Shows opportunity for growth as well as preservation and protection Controlled and planned land use can have a positive impact of the wellbeing of the community and the environment Land use in Lansing • Predominantly ag;icultvral(--35%of the town) In the northern part of the town, Lansing is an agricultural district • The South of the town has the majority of Commercial, Industrial, and Residential uses Page 8 of 29 DRAFT Land Use and Percentage1 Total , of Total .les of I 1 1 ual Area Including LandArea Classes Land Water Bodies 34-4 39.11A Cropland, pastures Cover Barren or Disturbed 0-5% o.6% Vegetation has been cleared but no development U I I 1k 0.5 0 o.6% Retail stores,offices { 3-6% 4.0% Agricultural land not in use r ustrial, 1-6 7.8% Uti I ities,pipel fn es, anclTransmission highways, railroads 1 • 0.3 a 0.3% Educational facilities, cemeteries, public works 0.6" 0.7% Golf courses, ball fields, parks 1 - 1 I-1.]L% a2.6% High, medium,and love density residential 11-80A -- Natural lakesr ponds 1 4-In 4.7% NYSQEC or national wetlands 1 - 31-4" 35.6 fi Forests, brush i Lan,4ing Und Usc Cla-;s.'ifieations ILand lUseClasmificelions � U hg,aillix Paru7 or ClstAed • ■' —Imcl'1e+q'IGV4Jr9 �ti•� _ } I �; t' �IrrtLrr Lal.Trarapohaaon,Tqanrrr mllni I 1�� _RhI L'rs:W1101181 _ n RecrcelWn S � —t.• I I � I♦�k9[Is15+e Corr • ;. uNbllledo Villagt:of1.111.ilig ti I L N C. 125 2.1 7NIr. casra NEW A rrrw t.41'313�n=a.h Hrr'+ak f h—1-FF A"rdr Page 9 of 29 DRAFT Surficial What is Surficial Geology? Geology • Rocks and unconsolidated materials that lie between bedrock and the surface of the land Why is it importarrt? • Signifiicantimpacts on the feasibility ofconstruction, agriculture, and infrastructure • Important in understanding the runoff properties of soi Is • Can impact both flooding and drought conditions Aquifers in Lansing TableGeologyof Type of + Deposit Percent crf Municipality Kanne Deposits 0_78% 0.19 Lacutrine 5ilt and Clay G-05 Outwash sand and giravell 0.57 1 ' h 0.19% 94-38 Surficial inning Surficiad Geology %rnc!%l Geology 4 -Ka-1a-X-DMt ' - lime 1Aaarr r -LdwU rn 511 a-1s1{"K 1 -abti'.rrA fk-�rulFa I avat:9r1 4!C;•!il?V.rwa:di_{—4!4 /*•� Y 143U NS'. 1!lRi RldrJxrr•N•,.Yn�C•dnl 9PR-110 Frd Page 10 of 29 DRAFT Aquifers ' What are Aquifers and Abandoned Landfills? and Aquifers are geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface that store and yield groundwater - Abandoned landfills are inactive(and often unsurprised)former dumping grounds Landfills Why is it important? • Aquifers act asthe sponge of the town—holding rainwater and preventing excessive runoff • In Newyork, aquifers account for about half of the flowto local waterbodies and streams If these become polluted bysources such as abandoned landfills,they will most likely end up into surface waterbodies downstream Aquifers in Lansing • The majority of aquifers are common till (Not pictured on the map) Till has a wide variance in its water holding capacity • Large aquifer is present underneath Salmon creek Maybe threatened by a close by abandoned landfill Aquifers Aq-iiifcrs and Aharidoned 1.andfill, it Jrknavn r , I I •f CVDEN 2Y�,70 !{5}_I4l�_`_i�p�yM_+r•.Y Y11'i Ur-1n�_rir'YI P__rHi Page 11 of 29 DRAFT • - What is Bedrock? • Basic rock formations of the underlying soils(surficial geology) Why is it important? Bedrock depth can significantly impact the cost of development • Bedrock type impacts the fertility of the soil(soil suitability) Bedrock in Lansing • Li sted from old est to you n c est fo rm at ion • Moscow Formation(Dhmo) --1-3 of town • Ludlowville Formation(Dihld) -.296 of town F . Grouping of shales and limestone mostly underneath Cayuga lake and Moscow Formation • Ithaca Formation(Dg) -9G_9%oftown . Grouping of limestones, shales, and siltstones • Tully Limeston e(DQ • -i-S%of town Grouping of limestone,shale and silltstone Lansing Rcdrock P17operfics `Mux a#I o'ualui Tuly Llnesmnn 4\ CR.SEW uw-q;u 21 ,.11ml•rev Y,•3 c.11,y1-Irvs±ins F.L hlNltxnw Xrim.i'A�r1M'.'v riiJtisl�lu iy 4M�4lF51d Page 12 of 29 DRAFT Water bodies s _ — watersheds, i ditches d culverts . • x . Why we chifie Water bodies and watersheds • Watershed: "the land area that contributes runoff to a particular point along a creel, strearnf lake, or-river."' • Water quality protection:surface water and storm water runoff downstream impacts must be considered in development proc-esses. • Local inventorying: watershed inventories are often conducted at too large of a scale to provide useful and specific spatial inforrnaVop for land use decisions in smaller communities. • Look at systems from a sub watershed scale; tiee here the impacts of sperifi-c projects/i rnpe rvi o u s cover are more easily} detectable. • Ensuring that development Iimits, trends, and guidelines cons i der water-qua lity early on so as to avoid having to integrate these considerations late in the future_ Page 13 of 29 DRAFT Why we care Ditches and culverts ■ Existing condition-dependent=topography, existing ditches and drains, bridges,farm boundaries---natural outlets such as estuaries, rivers, lakes or swamps"and other physical features- • A mun ici pal iWs d itch and cu Inert syste m has to adapt to change in the surrounding area ■ Different sizes and types of ditches (drainage ditches, open ditches, diversion ditches, etc.) serve diffe re nt p urposes a nd have d iffe rent n eeds • Understanding context ■ Project and site needs, construction costs, maintenance capacity. • Disks:contribution to downstream sediment loads and orr-site deterioration in environmental quality. ■ The Town of Lansing is semi-rural and has agricultural activity, but lies in a context of growth and semi-urban development with 1n Tompkins County. • Developmental paradox,where acbvities that increase impervious cover and contribute to drai nage system concerns are placed side-by-side with activities that cannot withstand failure in dealing with such concerns. 2fAJ'2 D SwrccUSDANgbonalEnginuariNHandbaolcSwAimifi,crainagoaflgrkuhural Land;ChaphcrgOpanNuhosfar[kainago-Ecmin,cansbwfim and Mifflwwhm Eater bod ies and watersheds WatUbodie6 and Water6iieda.Town of Lanein0 ~!dater bodies and watersheds in the - — Town of Lansing. Displayed here are permanent streams—those that flow ti year-round - as well as irrtermittent(or N. a—W seasonai)st rea ms, which onlyflow =" --- when they receive water from � . upstream, groundwater,andfor precipitation.The data for this map comes from the New York State GIS Clearinghouse dataset entitled 'Water Quality Classifications-NYS.`last revised in May 2-oa.7. � hrwc�Lu W iSi ?L i Lr 9W rah i2 nap 7c..a Ilw�'wi Ri{aF4�ww Page 14 of 29 DRAFT Water body quality classifications waterGody Ousllty Cfaaelflcatlan,'fawn of Lenakng Quality c lass ifications o#water bodies in the town of Lan sing_The data for _ L � this map comes from the New York State GIS Clearinghouse dataset entitled'Water Quality Classifications- f MYS+"last revised in May aoi7. Zi —a. —r•r —+GTii•M _ � I G7 wwvw d——p a�W W 4 177 Z5 21 T8 r2�1P Ditches, culverts and withdrawaIs Ditches,Culverts and Withdrawals,Town of Lansing Location of wit hdrawaIs from facilities, k ditch es and culverts in the town of Lansing.The data for the location of # # y culverts and ditches are from Tompkins County planning Department and the data for withd rawads fro m fa r i I ities a re T• sourced from New York G15 Clearinghouse_ a I:_ :S _".i v�rt-a,]r:n 0d.r4,U Z23 n:.y-,IVUti'9et-YY'r^V..,L1UiC.... Page 15 of 29 DRAFT Average precipitation and maximum temperature Average Maxim Lim Temperature and Praoipi3tian,1881-21118 lawn of La rwa i ng _ Average monthly and annual temperature(degrees fahrenheit) w� and the a,derage mGnthdyand h annual precipitation in inches for the Town of(Lansing. Data f-or average `ILr y precipitation and temperatures was sourced from Geospatial Data ++ gateway. Ayet&*Mcv4Lh1Y S Ro-Bk-d Tftiv!.d9turi AVDraga Nanthly&Annual Praclpltailan rm ICI 1-11 ILIT I• I 1�1 n4, .T P,*,i,-NM 1:15 Pi k-t'mk C'_r:I Sri 9f7�0 A— Lr. l WETLANDS Tern of Lansing Mural Resources Inventory Team- Xiaolong fang &Naomi Grimm Page 16 of 29 DRAFT Watersheds and hydrology wateesheds a nil Hydrology,Town of Lansing The four watersheds in the Town of - I Lansing.Watershed boundary data r.- were sourced from the revs York C I Clearinghouse. t 5 - 4 W��e1 NW-YY 14++�Y■ ��� L]� •}µraur �,i-0��w�4u �r f ti ~4 '� IW�]ui�i■ o- 135 ri sum Vr`151-rar irtdd 8rwy'r. 1 �ii�3C7b Watershed blodiversity score Mtamhed NiodreersN`}ccre, lotion of LaneiN The map"Watershed B i od iversity Score,Town of Y{LavL'� Lansing"shoves biodiversity score level for watersheds in the Town of Lansing,relative to statewide mean.Watershed biodiversity score data _ were sourced from New York GIS Clearinghouse. Yiir 'aY Liti•ieuil�y�iu u Lam=_ 1lSn CYv}.r• 14tlOm:'rNY.l41000•:.lN� Iw.VL�- �4 irJhYh Lk� -4\r � 1 4�L1�V Raffia=Tom]{'-3A� iv.�alk Av4�L S�y�1' 1 _ Page 17 of 29 DRAFT What Is a Wetland? • The United States Armor Corps of Engineers (Army Corps) Vet Ian ds are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support. °' • The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Fresh water wetlands are those areas of land and grater that support a preponderance of characteristics wetlands plants that out-compete upland plants because of the presence of wetlands hydrology (such as prolonged flooding) or hydric ( vet) soils." The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Vet lands are areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing season_" Why Are Wetlands Important? Wetlands are critical natural ecosystems and provide a variety of benefits, such as- filtering harmful toxins, nutrients, VK _ 4 and sediment from surface t runoff-, storing floodwaters and reducing the magnitude of flood events, • providing valuable habitat for a diverse array of flora and fauna. including many rare, threatened, or endangered species; • recreational and economic uses_ Page 18 of 29 DRAFT Wetlands' Dole with Climate Change Challenges Adaptation Strategies A rapid decline in wetlands' t Create marsh by planting the quality and quantity; appropriate species in the existing • triggering public health and substrate, environmental issues; Prevent or limit groundwater extraction • direct and indirect negative } impacts on local and regional from shallow aquifers; economies, t Design adaptive storm drainage • Negative impacts on local systems; wildlife_ Expand the planning horizons of land use planning to incorporate longer climate predictions; Incorporate wetland protection into infrastructure planning, such as sewer Utilities_ Flapped Wetlands in Lansing Why Da We Create Maps of Wetlands? Mapping wetlands can be a critical tool that contributes to providing essential information to support wetland management, including: establishing a baseline in wetlands extent; condition and function; detecting change; characterizing trends aver time. Maps of wetlands can be a useful tact for determining which parcels should or should not be preserved, especially when overlaid and compared with other maps. Maps of wetlands can help local communities to identify potential wetlands_ Page 19 of 29 DRAFT LJr191f g Mflan s Maps and Data 5 y Wetlands in the Town of Lansing Acres of Percent of 12 WeBands Munibpafrty 2015 Gounky-Mapped 396 — 4 Welands — wJ Nalbnal Wounds } Inventory Wetlands 7412 16�16 'x NY DEG FreshWater ,, LaargRoo f' 7 y Wetlands 844 2:� h.,,,'.n k L.Y Ssvr I •lbul Ar•p V4irf.r• 7}Hn [ rIlrCiS fo' F..a Yn �I L'3- II Fri r LArWrip VVOPandt.'Tbrn*ftr.County DMA Flaps and Data M c)st wetlands in Lansing are located in the nofthwest and southeast part of the :r r township- According to the Tompkins County wetlands data, there are SIX types of wetlands in } Lansing: aquatic bed, emergent, forested , scrub-shrub, unconsolidated bottorn. and �}.Lkn un�F i•sir Eac.d�� unconsolidated shore. � Fifty-four percent of the total wetlands in Lansingare forested. -. Page 20 of 29 DRAFT ��- FLOOD HAZARD AREAS WATER : Torn of Lansing Natural Resources Inventory •. Team: Xiaotong fang & Naomi Crimm What Are Flood Hazard Areas? is The Flood Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) "Flood Hazard Areas (FHA) are areas that are vulnerable to flooding." • Likelihood of Experiencing at Least One Flood Event Flood In 1 year In 10 years In 20 In 25 years �30 I n 50 years In 100 years Event yems ars 10-Year 10% 65% 86% 93% 96% 99% 99.99% 25-year 4% 34% 56PA 64% 71% 37% 98% 50-Year 2% 18% 33% 40% 45% 64% 87°Io 1D0-year 1% 10% 16% 22% 26% 39% 63% 500-year 0.2% 2% 4% 5% 6% 10% 18% Page 21 of 29 DRAFT Why Are Flood Hazard Areas Important? Hazards of Flooding Benefits of Flooding • Floods can damage t Periodic floods bring charges to the infrastructure, the economy, topography, soils, vegetation, and their the environment; physical features; t Floodwaters may carry silt. Periodic floods can benefit the habitat of raw sewage, oil, or chemical } waste; certain flora and fauna species, increase t More people drown in cars the nutrition of agricultural lands located in in floods than anywhere flood areas, and groundwater recharge else_ and provide biological productivity- Climate Charge in Flood Hazard Areas Challenges Adaptation Strategies Increasing risks of flooding due t Federal stormvwater management to extreme weathers-, regulations. nowmelts can cause severe t Using tools from the Array Corps of floudiing; Engineers forecast how flooding could Infrastructure could become expand and affect land not currently unable to cope with increasing designated as flood hazard areas. quantities of runoff; Others: More im1)ervious surfaces that lasing and managing floodplains minimize the ability of sail to appropriately; store water- F. Improving weather predictions, a. Preparing for emergency,: �. auving out sufficient Flood Control Projects. Page 22 of 29 DRAFT Equity Issues Related to Flood Hazard Areas • The impacts of climate change on livelihoods and ecosystems , can be distributed unevenly- _- a _ F • In spite of available approaches f for adaptation to flooding, each of these options has implicatilons fog equity wethin the community, such as different levels of risk exposure and expense burdens. Mapped Flood Hazard Areas in Lansing Why Do We Create Maps of Flood Hazard Areas? It is rip to each community+ to determine wh1ch areas are most Iikely to be affected by extreme weather patterns. Accurate flood hazard maps are necessary to effectively communicate flood risk -to IocaI families, communities, and other stakeholders. Baps of flood hazard areas can not only help communities to identify potential areas subject to flooding but also provide then with informatiorx to undertake timely mitigation measures to reduce future losses. Page 23 of 29 DRAFT Lansing 100-Year Flood Zones Maps and Data =' There is a high risk of flooding along Cayuga Lake and Salmon 4 }.�`• �� � `. . ' �};�` �� During floods. the Paddle-N-More _ Myers will be significantly} JiYi10 Yggq,5 l ' �' L affected, and park of the Salmon Creek Road will be not � ..,{��� . , .,,r,. accessible_ �� •�f-� s�`==.ram Lansing land lJEL-and FIWd•,Zones Maps and Data 3 Most flood zones are surrounded .• ' ' �� �' -_` `, by the vegetative -cover: p A ' Some residential and industrial: :# transportation, and transmission areas are located within the flood N��2— zone` _ uuarundem� JJ � n, d- oawma i There is a risk that floodwater may take some pollutants or toxins while passing by the ��"�, , ind-.rvt Fie s. M° Page 24 of 29 DRAFT Resources and References U.S_Amy Corps a#Engineers. RegLd3tvry Program Fragm dfyAsked Queens.{n_dy}. ht�lxnvw_:saoE.erM mQlVlissionsfCn W arks;R-E o u Ea tn"-Pra wan r and-Perm i ts r F ren ue r4y-Ask e d-Cu3e s don s1 New York State Department of Errrironmentai Curk5ennxtion[NYS DECK. Wiedanda. (n.d- Frans llvrw�v.dec.rry.nnwAandf5 06.hhnl U.S. Environmental Protection Agency[EPA]. What�s a Wetfand) (n.d.)._http.s:ffwww-?p�rrduMhe�st-we&nd EPA. Why am WU 4aods trrp tart. hltpsJ,,W uw.eye.govr wellsnd�Jwh"re-finds-important Climele:Change Adaptafmn Resource Center(ARGX). (n.d.). Climate hrroarts on Water Management arrd Eoasystem Fro2ecfkln. EPA. h p-2:'i'V w .epa.gou;ero-xlc me impeos-water-menegeeryer4 nd eaosys6errFproteclaarr h 4 The Federal Emergency Menagemenl AgEncy[FEMA]_Fbod Hazard Areas.(n.d_�#hlkpsllwww.fems.rq*vfhFmp-eppeepkeywordsr'9131 New York State Energy Research and Deveaopmerr Authority. (2D11,Mwembery Reepandi'ng to CA nafe Cfrange irr New You*SWE. hdpsrtlrodieslerern dranrnenLmrrhfFdF%2OWesfC&rbMl)�RepacLpaff Photos: hll�f15Y W Y!_i LIc/1.aral4n a W3�4593GF1 1 ED�f1Yo11 d-we#1e rrd5•-de y�2i}9 S-fxu 5�rb a nrwe7le rrd5 httLi,—?Adds.louekAmcFwTcanV%vikuVLL- and5 for Fads hhpGllwww-fbukr.panVp'hotosArnisEeprantr355 7107Y htip6:?AEd nsim.unh-edulresoum&Fr arsh,end-shrust]-wellandls htlpslhvww-mancJ restereveningrpews.oa-uldrtewEdpreater-nendnestar4)Ewsfpraltory�pir,WreErfloodinp-pree'er-menchesler-Iut�-lW7WG2 ht psJfti ni,--Ward.carr&E!iident3el-landlords-required to-dsclosc400drha¢erd-inkrmelioaV htlpsllwww,emineer[prLwp;51330 Engineerina4nirastrLmLwe flo+ads hf psJtwwwwinerwmrrd.corrdce1W+is-horEo-flvodirap,Arksrmm--River-0kIa'hema,and-Arkansas Page 25 of 29 DRAFT 55 Discussion Summary 56 - Not enough details to fully understand the Bio-diversity scores 57 - Flat low-lying areas will be affected the most with increased with climate change 58 o Class will identify the gaps between the text and maps in reference to climate change and 59 give an update to the Conservation Advisory Council 60 o There seems to be more to the Natural Resource Inventory the is currently understood 61 o The Class will look into steps of climate change and vulnerability to Lansing 62 - The Lansing Conservation Advisory Council is created based on the Comprehensive Plan.The Council 63 is newly formed (less than 6 months).They added possible things to look into: 64 o Water Quality with concern around the ditches &culverts, Agriculture, Steep Slopes as 65 these areas can be troublesome to create flash flooding 66 o Water qualities of the streams seem really good at this time, wondering how the data was 67 collected and how will climate change with possible increased flooding affect the future 68 quality of the stream water 69 ■ The is online access to these maps with greater detail 70 ■ Normal daily flow of water from the steams is filtered not causing any damage of 71 the stream banks. Greater erosion is caused due to greater flooding episodes 72 caused by stronger storm surges 73 - How prepared is the Town of Lansing 74 o It is helpful to see all the ditches and culverts on one map 75 o We are working on mapping critical facilities which assist in emergency preparedness 76 o Assessing vulnerability of the Town, the data sets will be constantly updated 77 - Todd's input from last meeting 78 Lansing Natural Resource Inventory 79 Todd Walter's thoughts and comments on today's CAC discussion 80 February 4, 2020 81 82 Flooding 83 1) Climate Change: My group has done a lot of work on climate change impacts on flooding in 84 Tompkins Co. Although we have mostly focused on Fall Creek, because it has lots of data, I think the 85 results can be extrapolated to Lansing. Example papers: 86 0 Knighton, J.O., S. Steinschneider, M.T. Walter. 2018. A vulnerability-based assessment of future 87 riverine flood risk using a modified Peaks-over-Threshold approach and a physically based 88 hydrologic model. Water Resources Research 53(12): 10043-10064. [doi: 89 10.1002/2017WR021036]. 90 0 Knighton, J.O., A.T. DeGaetano, M.T. Walter. 2017. Hydrologic state influence on riverine flood 91 discharge for a small temperate watershed (Fall Creek, USA): Negative feedbacks on the effects 92 of climate change. Journal of Hydrometeorology 18: 431-449. [doi: 10.1175/JHM-D-16-0164.1]. 93 94 On a related note, climate change is impacting things besides precipitation. For example, we have been 95 looking at impacts of Eastern Hemlock decline on flooding as well. Examples: Page 26 of 29 DRAFT 96 • Knighton,J.O. J. Conneely, M.T. Walter. 2019. Possible increases in flood frequency due to the 97 loss of Eastern Hemlock in the northeastern US: Observational insights and predicted impacts. 98 Water Resources Research 55(7): 5342-5359. [doi: 10.1029/2018WR024395]. 99 • Singh, K.,J.O. Knighton, M.Whitmore, M.T. Walter,J.P. Lassoie. 2020. Simulation and statistical 100 modelling approaches to investigate hydrologic regime transformations following Eastern 101 Hemlock decline. Hydrological Processes [doi: 10.1002/hyp.13666]. 102 103 So, although not part of the inventory,per se, I think we can link these types of findings to the 104 inventory to provide a broader picture. 105 106 2. Culverts and Stream Crossings: 107 My group has also been looking at culverts and stream crossing and the flooding hazards they 108 pose under current and future climates. Two of our collaborators include Angle Hinckley 109 (Tompkins Co. SWCD) and Sharron Anderson (Tompkins Co. CCE). This semester I have two 110 students working on this assessment specifically for Tompkins Co. and I can direct them to focus III on Lansing. I do not think the culvert/stream crossing inventory is complete for the whole 112 county based on my last discussion with Angle, but I can get an update. I think this is an 113 important thing to include because most of our flooding occurs at these "pinch points" in the 114 hydrologic stream network, including ditches. Brian Rahm (NYS WRI director) can provide our 115 annual reports on the project, although those were primarily focused in the Hudson River 116 Watershed. Here's a paper explain what we have been doing: 117 • Truhlar,A.M., R.D. Marjerison, D.F. Gold, L.M. Watkins,J.A. Archibald, M.E. Lung, A. Meyer, M.T. 118 Walter. 2019. Rapid, remote assessment of culvert flooding risk.ASCEJournal of Sustainable 119 Water in the Built Environment 6:2. 120 121 3. Road Ditches: 122 We have done quite a bit of research on this topic, mostly in collaboration with Dr. Schneider. I 123 think we can make some over-arching conclusions about the role of road ditches in changing 124 stream flows. Ironically, they have a big impact on increasing stream flows for small 125 rainfall/snowmelt events but their impact is small during huge events (with the exception of 126 driveway culverts). Examples: 127 • Buchanan, B.P.,Z.M. Easton, R.L. Schneider, M.T. Walter. 2013. Modeling the hydrologic effects 128 of roadside ditch networks on receiving waters.Journal of Hydrology 486: 293-305. [doi: 129 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.040] (online Feb. 8, 2012). 130 • Buchanan, B.P., K. Falbo, R.L. Schneider, Z.M. Easton, M.T. Walter. 2013. Hydrological impact of 131 roadside ditches in an agricultural watershed in Central New York: Implications for non-point 132 source pollutant transport. Hydrological Processes 27(17): 2422-2437. [doi: 10.1002/hyp.9305 ] 133 (online May 2012). 134 135 Erosion and Climate Change 136 I think this topic needs a lot more attention. We have been working with the Cayuga Co. SWCD 137 to assess the effectiveness of various BMPs in controlling agricultural soil erosion and I think the 138 process is more complicated than simply an increase in high intensity rainfall. I personally think 139 it is due to a combination of more rainfall overall, which saturates the soil where there is shallow 140 bedrock, such that it is easily eroded if a reasonably high intensity falls on the saturated soil. 141 Antidotal agreement from many farmers seems to corroborate this but I do not think anybody has 142 documented this expert opinion nor has anybody, to my knowledge, done any real empirical Page 27 of 29 DRAFT 143 research. This could be a great student opportunity. If I am correct, HEL could be re- 144 catagorized beyond the traditional Universal Soil Loss Equation definition. 145 146 Riparian Tree Planting 147 1 have been involved with the "Trees-for-Tribs"program, which was incubated in the Hudson 148 River watershed and, I think, is now a statewide DEC program. This program provides free trees 149 (native species)but relies on volunteers to plant them. As was mentioned in today's CAC 150 meeting, survival is usually dismal (especially where there are lots of deer). Upkeep requires 151 substantial effort. However, the benefits of such an effort may be more far reaching. I am 152 working with Dr. Anne Armstrong(a former Dr. Stedman graduate student)to assess the 153 potential increase in environmental awareness of the volunteers who participate in this program. 154 There is some evidence (not a lot) that these people go on to initiate their own conservation 155 efforts, including independent tree plantings. Keeping a good database of tree planting efforts is 156 important because we can only really assess their benefits after a decade or more (trees grow 157 slowly). 158 159 Hydrolou (General) 160 I think the proposed boilerplate hydrology assessment described today is great, however it may 161 miss some important aspects. For example, I think this analysis will show very little actual 162 aquifer in Lansing despite many people getting their water from wells; this is just a ramification 163 of how the term"aquifer" is defined. So, in this case,we may want assess the density of wells 164 providing groundwater. I would be happy to consult with this this effort. For example, we have 165 found that areas of high runoff risk are more associated with landscape position than soils 166 characteristics (this would also tie-into the slope assessment that was mentioned. Example: 167 Hofineister, K.L., C.B. Georgakakos, M.T. Walter. 2016.A simple runoff threshold model based 168 on topographic wetness indices and soil moisture for central New York agricultural fields. 169 Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 7(4): 289-300. [doi:10.2489/jswc.71.4.289] 170 171 By the way, these high runoff risk areas are often associated with robust nitrogen sinks. 172 Example: 173 • Anderson,T.R., P.M. Groffman, M.T. Walter. 2015. Using a soil topographic index to distribute 174 denitrification fluxes across a northeastern headwater catchment. Journal of Hydrology 522: 175 123-134. [doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.12.043] 176 177 Greenhouse Gas (GHG)Assessment 178 1 may be wrong, but I think we may want to consider a wider range of GHG sources. 179 Specifically, agricultural sources. The reason I mention this is because we have shown that field 180 management can have a strong impact on GHG emissions and many of our farmers are tilting 181 towards practices that may reduce GHG emissions, especially cover crops. We have several 182 papers in progress but some examples are: 183 0 Han,Z., M.T.Walter, L.E. Drinkwater. 2017. Impact of cover cropping and landscape positions on 184 nitrous oxide emissions in Northeastern US agroecosystems.Agriculture, Ecosystems and 185 Environment 245: 124-134. [doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.05.018] (online May 29, 2017) 186 0 Han,Z, M.T. Walter, L.E. Drinkwater. 2017. N20 emissions from grain cropping systems: Meta- 187 analysis of management impacts, and cross-scale perspectives. Nutrient Cycling in 188 Agroecosystems 107(3): 335-355. [doi:10.1007/s10705-017-9836-z]. 189 Page 28 of 29 DRAFT 190 Another source that is surprisingly substantial is septic systems. Although I do not have any 191 solutions on how to reduce this source (beyond removing septic fields prone to soil saturation), 192 Dr. Richardson and I have been discussing some novel ideas that need development and testing. 193 Examples of septic system GHG research include: 194 • Fernandez-Baca, C.P.,A.M.Truhlar, A.-E.H. Omar, B.G. Rahm, M.T. Walter, R.E. Richardson. 195 2018. Methane and nitrous oxide cycling microbial communities in soils above septic leach 196 fields:Abundances with depth and correlations with net surface emissions.Science of the Total 197 Environment 640-641: 429-441. [doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.303] 198 • Truhlar,A.M., B.G. Rahm, R.A. Brooks, S.A. Nadeau, E.T. Makarsky, M.T. Walter. 2016. 199 Greenhouse gas emissions from septic systems in New York State.Journal of Environmental 200 Quality 45(4): 1153-1160. [doi: 10.2134/jeg2015.09.0478] 201 • Truhlar,A.M. K.L. Ortega, M.T. Walter. 2019. Seasonal and diel variation in greenhouse gas 202 emissions from septic system leach fields. International Journal of Environmental Science& 203 Technology 16(10): 6043-6052. 204 205 Summary 206 I think there may be a lot of existing research, much of it very recent, that can help us take the 207 natural resources inventory to a much higher level than the standard guidelines suggest. I am 208 happy to provide pdfs of the cited articles if anybody wants them. 209 210 Discussion on the Solar Local Law 211 There are some new changes from the State with a shift from Article 10 to Article 23. Article 10 212 which governs the large scale solar it taking to much time and essentially holding up the 213 process. Article 23 is significantly different by streamlining the process to make prime areas 214 shovel ready if desired. Local zoning will or can be bypassed by the new legislation. Ag and 215 Markets will be bypasses. NYSERDA will take control and will work from a unified assessment 216 roll when it is ready. 217 218 The Conservation Advisory Council will see if they can create a letter stating the concerns of 219 Lansing before March 31, 2020 to send to our Senator, Pam Helming and Barbara Lifton. It 220 might not happen unless they group can coordinate through email and come to a consensus 221 before the end of March. 222 223 Next month's meeting is rescheduled to April 9, 2020 at 6:30 pm. Location will be either in the 224 small court room or the back of Parks & Rec office. 225 226 Adjourned Meeting 227 Meeting adjourned at the call of the Co-Chair Carrie Koplinka-Loehr at 8:32 pm. 228 229 Minutes taken and executed by Sue Munson. 230 231 Access to public documents are available online at: 232 Conservation Advisory Council Email tolcodes@lansingtown.com 233 234 Town Website https://www.lansingtown.com Page 29 of 29