HomeMy WebLinkAbout31 23 23.23CORNELL DIVISION 31 - EARTHWORK
Ithaca, New York SECTION 31 23 23.23 - COMPACTION
CLARA DICKSON HALL COMPACTION 31 23 23.23 - 1
WASTE & STORM LINE REPLACEMENT DECEMBER 31, 2014
SECTION 31 23 23.23 COMPACTION
1.0 GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A.Drawings and General Provisions of Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions
and other Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to work of this Section.
B.The Wo rk of thi s Secti on shal l incl ude, but not be li mited to , the fo llowi ng:
1.Compaction requirements and test methods.
2.Compact all subgrades, foundations, embankments, trench backfills, filled and backfilled
material as specified.
1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.The Contractor shall adopt compaction methods which will produce the degree of compaction
specified herein, prevent subsequent settlement, and provide adequate support for the surface
treatment, pavement, structure and piping to be placed thereon, or therein, without damage to the
new or existing facilities.
B.The natural subgrade for all footing, mats, slabs-on-grade for structures or pipes shall consist of
firm undisturbed by the teeth of excavating equipment.
C.After excavation to subgrade is completed, the subgrade shall be compacted if it consists of loose
granular soil or if its surface is disturbed by the teeth of excavating equipment.
1.This compaction shall be limited to that required to compact loose surface material and
shall be terminated in the event that it causes disturbance to underlying fine-grained
soils, as revealed by weaving or deflection of the subgrade under the compaction
equipment.
2.If the subgrade soils consist of saturated fine or silty sands, silts, or clay or varved clays,
no compaction shall be applied.
1.3 REFERENCES
A.ASTM D1557 - Laboratory Compaction of Soil Using Modified Effort
B.ASTM D2922 - Density of Soil in Place by Nuclear Methods
C.ASTM D3017 - Water Content of Soil in Place by Nuclear Methods
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
A.Refer to Specification Section 31 23 23.13.
CORNELL DIVISION 31 - EARTHWORK
Ithaca, New York SECTION 31 23 23.23 - COMPACTION
CLARA DICKSON HALL COMPACTION 31 23 23.23 - 2
WASTE & STORM LINE REPLACEMENT DECEMBER 31, 2014
3.0 EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
A.Examine spaces to be filled beforehand and remove all unsuitable materials and debris including
sheeting, forms, trash, stumps, plant life, etc.
B.Inspect backfill and fill materials beforehand and remove all roots, vegetation, organic matter, or
other foreign debris. Stones larger than 12 inches in any dimension shall also be removed or
broken into smaller pieces.
C.No backfill or fill material shall be placed on frozen ground nor shall the material itself be frozen
or contain frozen soil fragments.
D.Spaces to be filled shall be free from standing water so that placement and compaction of the fill
materials can be accomplished in “dry” conditions.
3.2 COMPACTION
A.Compaction to not less than 95% density compared to maximum laboratory tests by weight, per
modified ASTM D-1557-64T, latest editions, method “C” in all areas whether under roadways or
sidewalks. Grass or planting areas shall be compacted to not less than 90% density compared to
maximum laboratory tests by weight, per modified ASTM D-1557-64T, latest edition, Method
“A”. Refer to Section 01 40 00.
B.Any settlement of backfill shall be repaired to proper grade by placing additional backfill and
compact ing.
C.During the backfill and compaction of the final materials, care must be taken to keep the
materials from mixing together.
D.Tamping by portable plate tampers shall be permitted only to consolidate #2 stone for first layer
at bottom of trench. Remaining layers shall be compacted by use of “jumping jack” type tampers
or vibrator packers. Lifts below steam line and lifts more than 12" above steam line may be
compacted by use of “jumping ja ck” or a self-powered vibrator y packer similar to the 11 HP
Wacker Model 6055 which provides an impact load of 11,250 pounds.
E.Lines with concrete encasement shall be prepared as noted on the Plans and shall be backfilled in
a manner similar to the above.
3.3 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A.Mater ial T estin g:
1.The En gineer reser ves the r ight to o rder t estin g of materi als at any time dur ing the wo rk.
2.Testing shall be done by a qualified, independent testing laboratory in accordance with
this section and Section 01 40 00.
3.The Contractor shall aid the Engineer in obtaining representative material samples to be
used in testi ng.
CORNELL DIVISION 31 - EARTHWORK
Ithaca, New York SECTION 31 23 23.23 - COMPACTION
CLARA DICKSON HALL COMPACTION 31 23 23.23 - 3
WASTE & STORM LINE REPLACEMENT DECEMBER 31, 2014
4.For each material which does not meet specifications, the costs of testing shall be the
responsibility of the Contractor. Contractor shall supply an equal quantity of acceptable
material and required testing at no additional compensation to the Owner.
5.The Contractor shall anticipate these tests and incorporate the time and effort into
procedure.
B.Compacti on Tes ting:
1.The Engineer reserves the right to order the qualified independent testing laboratory to
conduct in-place density tests of compacted lifts.
2.Testing may be conducted for every 30 linear feet of trench backfill placed.
3.The Contractor shall dig test holes and provide access to all backfill areas at no
additional compensation when requested by the Engineer.
4.Nuclear moisture density testing by “probe” methods will be acceptable for compacted
layers not exceeding 8 inches in thickness.
a.Nuclear “backscatter” methods will be acceptable only for testing asphalt paving
layers not in excess of 3 inches in thickness.
b.Only cer tifi ed pers onnel shall conduc t nucle ar tes ting.
3.4 PROTECTION
A.Prior to terminating work for the day, the final layer of compacted fill, after compaction, shall be
rolled with a smooth-wheel roller if necessary to eliminate ridges of soil left by tractors or
equipment used for compaction or installing the material.
B.As backfill progresses, the surface shall be graded so as to drain off during incidence of rain such
that no ponding of water shall occur on the surface of the fill.
C.The Con tract or shal l not pl ace a la yer of fi ll on sn ow, ice or soil that wa s permit ted to f reeze
prior to the compaction.
1.These unsatisfactory materials shall be removed prior to fill placement.
***END OF SECTION 31 23 23.23***