HomeMy WebLinkAboutSWPPP EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template
Small Residential Lot Stormwater Pollution Prevention
Plan (SWPPP)
For Construction Activities At:
Germano Residence
893 Highland Road
Ithaca, NY 14950
Ph: n/a
SWPPP Prepared For:
Village of Cayuga Heights
Planning Board
836 Hanshaw Road
Ithaca, NY 14850
(607) 257-5536
(607) 257-4910
SWPPP Prepared By:
Firehouse Architecture Lab
136 West State St.
Ithaca, NY 14850
Emily Petrina, RA
607.592.9385, EMILY@FHALAB.com
Craig Eagleson, PE
607.339.1842, ceagleson@gmail.com
SWPPP Preparation Date:
1/14/2022
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 1
SWPPP Contents
Part 1: Site and Activity Description ............................................................................................................ 1
Introduction 1
1. A. Nature of construction activities at this site 1
1. B. Estimated dates that construction will take place 1
1. C. Contacts for Stormwater Compliance 1
Part 2: Allowable Non-Stormwater Discharges ......................................................................................... 2
Part 3: Erosion and Sediment Controls ....................................................................................................... 3
3. A. Preserve Native Topsoil 3
3. B. Perimeter Controls (required for all sites – choose at least one) 3
3. C. Sediment Track-Out (required for all sites) 3
3. D. Minimize Dust (required for all sites) 3
3. E. Minimize Soil Compaction (required based on site characteristics) 4
3. F. Storm Drain Inlet Protection (required based on site characteristics) 4
3. G. Other Erosion and Sediment Controls (required based on site characteristics) 4
Part 4: Site Stabilization ................................................................................................................................. 5
4. A. Type of soil stabilization 5
4. B. Deadlines to initiate and complete stabilization 5
Part 5: Pollution Prevention Practices ......................................................................................................... 6
5. A. Potential Pollutants at this Project Site 6
5. B. Prohibited Discharges 6
5. C. Pollution Prevention Practices 7
Part 6: Procedures for Maintenance, Inspections, and Corrective Actions......................................... 8
6. A. Inspections 8
6. B. Maintenance 8
Part 7: Site Maps and Drawings ................................................................................................................... 9
BMP APPENDIX CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... 11
Protect Areas Reserved for Vegetation and Infiltration (ES‐6) .............................................................................. 17
Construction and Solid Waste Management (PP‐2) ............................................................................................. 25
Sanitary Waste Management (PP‐3) ................................................................................................................... 26
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 1
Part 1: Site and Activity Description
Introduction
This SWPPP is a preliminary plan provided for the purpose of aiding in the decision to allow or prevent the
use and construction of a single-family residence on the aforementioned site. It is not the intent of this plan
to provide final documentation to be followed, but instead to list and call attention to the primary
measures that must be implemented to ensure responsible and compliant Best Management Practices in
the construction of a building on this site.
This plan was prepared according to the EPA’s publication “Developing your Stormwater Pollution
Prevention Plan, A Guide for Construction Sites”.
We anticipate that once the final design has been completed, that an updated plan will be submitted
according to the same criteria.
1. A. Nature of construction activities at this site
1. This project will result in the construction of (1) single family residential home on a 0.52-acre lot.
Activities undertaken by the General Contractor and the BMPs they will use are addressed
later in this document.
Lot Address Total Lot Size (Acres) Maximum Area of Construction Disturbance (Acres)
1. 893 Highland Road 0.52 acre 0.13 acre
1. B. Estimated dates that construction will take place
1. Construction activities on this project will begin on or about: 8/15/2022 (Note: once the actual
date is known, the estimated date will be corrected.)
2. All construction activities on this project will be completed on or about: 8/15/2023 (Note: once
the actual date is known, the estimated date will be corrected.)
1. C. Contacts for Stormwater Compliance
Identify person(s) responsible for compliance with this permit.
At the present time the General Contractor has not been chosen for this project. Once the final
Construction Documents have been prepared, the Contractor will be selected and this SWPPP
will be shared with them.
The Contractor will then submit an updated plan to The Village of Cayuga Heights
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 2
Part 2: Allowable Non-Stormwater Discharges
List of Allowable Non-Stormwater Discharges Present at the Site
Type of Allowable Non-Stormwater Discharge Likely to be Present at
Your Site?
Discharge from emergency fire-fighting activities ☐ YES ☒ NO
Fire hydrant flushings ☐ YES ☒ NO
Landscape irrigation ☐ YES ☒ NO
Water used to control dust ☐ YES ☒ NO
Potable water including uncontaminated water line flushings ☐ YES ☒ NO
Routine external building wash down that does not use detergents ☐ YES ☒ NO
Pavement wash waters provided spills or leaks of toxic or hazardous materials
have not occurred (unless all spill material has been removed) and where
detergents are not used.
☐ YES ☒ NO
Uncontaminated air conditioning or compressor condensate ☐ YES ☒ NO
Uncontaminated, non-turbid discharges of ground water or spring water ☒ YES ☐ NO
Foundation or footing drains where flows are not contaminated with process
materials such as solvents or contaminated ground water
☒ YES ☐ NO
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 3
Part 3: Erosion and Sediment Controls
During the course of our project, we will use the following controls to minimize erosion and sediment
discharges in stormwater. These controls will be designed, installed, maintained, and removed in
accordance with the specifications in Appendix A: Erosion and Sediment Control Specifications. Location
on site for each of these practices is depicted in the attached site maps in Part 7: Site Maps.
3. A. Preserve Native Topsoil
Permit requirement: You must preserve native topsoil on your site, unless infeasible.
To comply with this requirement, we will do the following (select one):
We will to the greatest extent possible, preserve some portion of the topsoil we remove so that it
can be re-applied for vegetative stabilization during Phase 3. (Practice ES-1)
3. B. Perimeter Controls (required for all sites – choose at least one)
Permit requirement: You must install controls along the perimeter of your site that will receive stormwater
from your construction activities.
We will use the following type of perimeter control(s) at the site:
1. We will use uphill berms to prevent stormwater run-on at the eastern and northern edges of the
property lines
2. We will use a Silt Fence Sediment Barrier at the buffer area, between the disturbed area and
Renwick Creek. (Practice ES-2)
3. Additionally, we will use Sediment Filter Log(s) at the westernmost (downhill)sides of the
disturbed area to provide surface water filtering.
4. A small sediment area will be provided at the most level portion of the southwest site to allow
filtration of sediment prior to discharging into the municipal storm drain.
5. For the Borrow/Fill Area we will use a Silt Fence Sediment Barrier at the down hill slope between
the stockpile and the road and access drive.
3. C. Sediment Track-Out (required for all sites)
Permit requirement: You must minimize the track-out of sediment onto off-site streets, other paved areas,
and sidewalks from vehicles existing your construction site.
We will use the following type of sediment track-out control at our site:
A single site access point with a minimum 6” #3 stone as an Exit pad. (Practice ES-4)
3. D. Minimize Dust (required for all sites)
Permit requirement: You must minimize the generation of dust to avoid pollutant discharges to the extent
feasible through application of water or other dust suppression techniques.
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 4
Due to the extremely small square footage of the disturbed area, we anticipate airborne dust to
not be a problem during construction.
3. E. Minimize Soil Compaction (required based on site characteristics)
Permit requirement: In areas of your site where final vegetative stabilization will occur or where infiltration
practices will be installed, you must minimize soil compaction.
The heavy equipment used during this project will be limited in both size and scope. (Less than
25,000 lb units). The northernmost side of the site (north of the disturbed area) will be protected
from compaction so as to allow infiltration before as well as during and after final stabilization.
3. F. Storm Drain Inlet Protection (required based on site characteristics)
Permit requirement: If you discharge to a storm drain inlet that you have access to, you must install
protection measures that remove sediment from your stormwater discharge.
This control is required on my site:
We anticipate using a two-tiered approach to protect the storm drain inlets. The first measure will
be sediment control logs placed on the downhill side of the sediment containment area. The
second measure will be filter bag inlet protection immediate to the nearest storm drain(s).
(Practice ES-7)
3. G. Other Erosion and Sediment Controls (required based on site characteristics)
Permit requirement:
If you plan to use other erosion and sediment controls on your site that do not fall under any of the areas
already covered above, describe them below:
When appropriate, the contractor may use a non-vegetative cover, for example during
an extended rain event.
Since this is a Preliminary proposal, controls other than those listed are not anticipated at this time.
We will incorporate other measures as appropriate as the design develops and re-submit during
the Construction Permit portion of the project.
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 5
Part 4: Site Stabilization
During the course of our project we will use the following controls for temporary and permanent
stabilization on our site. These controls will be designed, installed, maintained, and removed in accordance
with the final SWPPP submitted to the Village of Cayuga Heights.
Permit Requirement: Where work on any area of bare soil on your site will not occur for 14 or more days,
stabilization measures must be initiated immediately. Stabilization is required when work will permanently
cease in this area, or if the cessation of work is only temporary, and construction work in this area will
continue in the future.
4. A. Type of soil stabilization
We anticipate new vegetative grasses to be placed during this phase. The contractor
will select either Sod or Seeding. If seeding is selected, the erosion control measures in
place during the construction phase must be maintained until the new vegetative cover
has been established.
4. B. Deadlines to initiate and complete stabilization
Deadline to initiate soil stabilization:
Where work will not occur for 14 or more days in any area of bare soil on our site, we will initiate
stabilization on the 1st day that work stops.
Deadline to complete soil stabilization:
This project is not located in an arid, semi-arid or drought stricken area.
We will complete the following as soon as practicable, but no later than 14 calendar days
after initiating stabilization measures:
For vegetative stabilization, complete all activities necessary to initially seed or plant
the area to be stabilized. To achieve final stabilization, vegetation must provide 70
percent or more of the preexisting vegetative cover.
For non-vegetative stabilization, complete the application of all non-vegetative
measures to the area to be stabilized.
The site map of this SWPPP shows where stabilization will occur on this site. As part of the
final SWPPP, an installation, maintenance, and removal specification for each BMP will be
developed and adhered to.
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 6
Part 5: Pollution Prevention Practices
5. A. Potential Pollutants at this Project Site
Identify the potential pollutant sources on the site (check all that apply)
☒ Sediment ☐ Wastewater from concrete washout/cleanout
☐ Paint ☐ Wastewater from stucco washout/cleanout
☐ Fertilizers ☐ Lime
☐ Plaster ☐ Fuel and oil
☒ Solid waste ☒ Portable toilet waste
☒ Treated lumber ☒ Roofing materials
☐ Pesticides, Herbicides
In addition to the above, the following chemicals, compounds, or other pollutant sources will be
located at my site during construction (identify any not included in the list above):
We anticipate no other pollution sources to be located at this site.
5. B. Prohibited Discharges
The following discharges are prohibited under the permit, and are considered a violation should any
occur.
1. Wastewater from washout of concrete, and from washout and cleanout of stucco, paint, form
release oils, curing compounds and other construction materials.
2. Fuels, oils, or other pollutants used in vehicle and equipment operation and maintenance.
3. Soaps, solvents, or detergents used in vehicle and equipment washing
4. Toxic or hazardous substances from a spill or other release. CGP Part 2.3.1.
In the event that one of these discharges occurs, we will take corrective action consistent with Part 6.c
of this SWPPP.
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 7
5. C. Pollution Prevention Practices
During the course of our project, we will implement the following practices to minimize pollutant
discharges from our site. These controls will be designed, installed, maintained, and removed in
accordance with the specifications in Appendix C: Pollution Prevention Practice Specifications.
Location on site for each of these practices is depicted in the attached site maps in Part 7: Site Maps.
Where a practice does not apply to our site because the type of pollutant will not be present during
any part of the project, we have indicated that this practice is “N/A” (Not Applicable).
Pollutant Sources Pollution Prevention Practice
(See Appendix C for specifications)
Applicable to My Site?
Building products, materials, and
wastes (CGP Part 2.3.3.3)
Practice PP-1 - Materials Storage and
Handling
☑ Yes (required)
Pesticides, herbicides, insecticides,
and fertilizers (CGP Part 2.3.3.3, 2.3.5)
Practice PP-1 - Materials Storage and
Handling
☐ Yes ☒ N/A
Diesel fuel, oil, hydraulic fluids, other
petroleum products, and other
chemicals (CGP Part 2.3.3.3)
Practice PP-1 - Materials Storage and
Handling
☐ Yes ☒ N/A
Hazardous or toxic waste (CGP Part
2.3.3.3)
Practice PP-1 - Materials Storage and
Handling
☐ Yes ☒ N/A
Construction and domestic waste
(CGP Part 2.3.3.3)
Practice PP-2 - Construction and Solid
Waste Management
☑ Yes (required)
Sanitary waste (CGP Part 2.3.3.3) Practice PP-3 - Sanitary Waste
Management
☒ Yes ☐ N/A
Wash-water from paint, concrete,
or other applicators and containers
(CGP Part 2.3.3.4)
Practice PP-4 - Concrete/Stucco
Washout Controls
☐ Yes ☒ N/A
Describe any other pollution prevention practices to be implemented at the site:
None anticipated
For any pollution prevention requirements that you indicated are not applicable (“N/A”) in the table
above, describe why they are not applicable:
We anticipate no Pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, and fertilizers will be used during this
construction.
There will be limited motorized equipment used on this project and no refueling is anticipated.
There will be no materials that are, or create, hazardous or toxic waste on this site.
We do not anticipate concrete washout for this construction. Should concrete be chosen as
the foundation medium a concrete washout plan will be developed.
For Sanitary Waste we anticipate only a single Portable Toilet during construction.
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 8
Part 6: Procedures for Maintenance, Inspections, and
Corrective Actions
6. A. Inspections
Permit requirement: You must conduct a site inspection either (1) once every 7 calendar days, or (2) once
every 14 calendar days and within 24 hours of the occurrence of a storm event of 0.25 inches or greater,
unless your inspection frequency is reduced for stabilized areas; arid, semi-arid, or drought-stricken areas; or
for frozen conditions.
Inspector name and qualifications: Insert inspector names and qualifications.
The General Contractor will be responsible for all aspects of the SWPPP and will submit a
new SWPPP at the time of the building permit submission. This new plan will include a
detailed description of all Maintenance, Inspections and Corrective Actions
The following areas are to be inspected.
Cleared, graded, or excavated areas of the site;
Stormwater controls (e.g., perimeter controls, exit points) and pollution prevention practices (e.g.,
pollution prevention practices for vehicle fueling/maintenance and washing, construction product
storage, handling, disposal) at the site;
Equipment storage and maintenance areas;
Areas where stormwater flows within the site;
Stormwater discharge points; and
Areas where stabilization has been implemented.
An Inspection report will be created and maintained for the duration of the project
6. B. Maintenance
Permit Requirement:
All the erosion and sediment controls and pollution prevention practices will be maintained according to
the final plan.
6. C. Corrective Action.
Permit Requirement: You must complete corrective actions in accordance with the permit’s deadlines.
The General contractor will also provide a Corrective Action Plan for each of the potential release hazards
associated with this Plan
6. D. Training.
Permit Requirement: Prior to the commencement of earth-disturbing activities or pollutant generating
activities, you must ensure that personnel understand the requirements of the SWPPP and their specific
responsibilities with respect to these requirements.
Documentation for Completed Training will be recorded and maintained as part of this SWPPP
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 9
Part 7: Site Maps and Drawings
MAP #1 – Pre-Construction/Existing Conditions (SWPPP Existing)
MAP #2 –Construction Phase Map (SWPPP Construction Ph)
MAP #3 –Stabilization Phase Map (SWPPP Stabilization Ph)
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 10
SWPPP APPENDICES
Appendix A – Erosion and Sediment Control Specifications
Appendix B – Stabilization Control Specifications
Appendix C – Pollution Prevention Practice Specifications
Appendix D – Example Site Maps
Appendix E – Copy of the Construction General Permit
Appendix F – Copy of NOI and EPA Authorization Email
Appendix G – Completed Inspection Reports
Appendix H – Completed Corrective Action Reports
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 11
BMP APPENDIX CONTENTS
Appendices A, B, and C provide specifications for typical small residential lot construction BMPs. Indicate
which controls you selected for your site, and the date you will install and remove each selected control.
Note, some controls are mandatory.
Practice
Number APPENDIX A: Erosion and Sediment Control Specifications
Included in this
SWPPP?
Date of
Installation
Date of
Removal
ES-1 Soil Stockpiling and Topsoil Preservation ☒ YES ☐ NO
Perimeter Controls ☒ YES (REQUIRED)
ES-2 Silt Fence Sediment Barrier ☒ YES ☐ NO
ES-3 Sediment Filter Log ☒ YES ☐ NO
ES-4 Stabilized Exit Pad ☒ YES (REQUIRED)
ES-5 Dust Control ☒ YES (REQUIRED)
ES-6 Protect Areas Reserved for Vegetation and Infiltration ☒ YES ☐ NO
ES-7 Inlet Controls ☒ YES ☐ NO
Practice
Number APPENDIX B: Stabilization Control Specifications
Included in my
SWPPP?
Date of
Installation
Date of
Removal
Vegetative Controls
SS-1 Seeding ☒ YES ☐ NO
SS-2 Sod ☒ YES ☐ NO
Non-vegetative Controls
SS-3 Erosion Control Blankets or Turf Reinforcement Mats ☐ YES ☒ NO
SS-4 Mulching ☐ YES ☒ NO
Practice
Number APPENDIX C: Pollution Prevention Practice Specifications
Included in my
SWPPP?
Date of
Installation
Date of
Removal
PP-1 Materials Storage and Handling ☒YES (REQUIRED)
PP-2 Construction and Solid Waste Management ☒YES (REQUIRED)
PP-3 Sanitary Waste Management ☒ YES ☐ NO
PP-4 Concrete/Stucco Washout Controls ☐ YES ☒ NO
Appendix A – Erosion and Sediment Control Specifications
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 12
Soil Stockpiling and Topsoil Preservation (ES‐1)
Use: Protect soil stockpiles from contact with rainwater and/or runoff, and
preserve native topsoil.
Location: Locate stockpiles away from storm inlets, conveyances, or other
channelized flow. Locate topsoil stockpiles where they will not erode or block
drainage structures, site entrances, or access to waste disposal areas.
Design criteria:
General soil and sediment stockpile criteria:
Site operator(s) must protect stockpile from contact with stormwater
(including water run‐on) and/or prevent muddy runoff being discharged
from the stockpile using a temporary perimeter sediment barrier. See
(ES‐2, Silt Fence Sediment Barrier and ES‐3, Sediment Filter Log). If
stockpile will be left uncovered for more than 14 days, apply temporary
mulch or seed (see SS‐1, Vegetative Stabilization – Seeding). For smaller
stockpiles, plastic sheeting or tarps may be used. Unless infeasible,
securely protect the stockpile from wind erosion (see ES‐5, Dust Control).
Removing topsoil:
Prior to stripping away topsoil (typically the first 4 to 6 inches of soil),
ensure that all downslope erosion and sediment controls and upslope
run‐on diversions are in place. Avoid stripping topsoil from areas that will
not be disturbed by excavation, grading, filling, or road building.
Topsoil storage:
Where disturbance to native topsoil will occur at your site, unless
infeasible, you should stockpile and reuse it in areas that will be stabilized
with vegetation. To maximize the native topsoil’s continued function,
when stockpiling native topsoil, you should mound the soil and cover to
prevent soil erosion and weed growth. Uncovered stockpiles should be
protected with a sediment barrier (e.g., silt fence, sediment filter log)
around the downslope perimeter of the stockpile. As a guideline, soil
should be mounded to a height of no higher than 4 feet for less than 1
year, and preferably for less than 6 months.
Reapplying Topsoil:
Prior to placing topsoil in desired location, verify that subgrade has been
graded and is structural stable. Perform pH tests whenever possible prior
to soil placement in order to determine whether soil amendments or
treatments are necessary to support vegetation growth.
Loosen subgrade to a depth of 3 inches by disking or scarifying to ensure
that topsoil bonds with underlying earth. Apply a minimum of 4 inches of
topsoil. Do not spread topsoil when subgrade is wet or frozen.
Maintenance/Removal:
See perimeter sediment barrier maintenance specifications (ES‐2, Silt
Fence Sediment Barrier and ES‐3, Sediment Filter Log).
Do not hose down or sweep leftover soil or sediment accumulated on
pavement or other impervious surfaces into any storm drains or surface
waters.
Application of silt fencing to control muddy runoff
from soil stockpile. Leaving a site with quality
soil encourages healthy root growth and reduces
time and resources needed to care for turf and
landscape plantings.
Silt fence around soil stockpile.
Photo credit: Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech
Appendix A – Erosion and Sediment Control Specifications
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 13
Silt Fence Sediment Barrier (ES‐2)
Use: Intercept runoff from the site, and settle out or filter sediment.
Location: Downhill from bare soil or other disturbed areas.
Design criteria:
Dig trench 4‐8 inches deep just inside the downhill lot lines.
Make sure ends of trench are turned uphill, to prevent by‐pass.
Install silt fence fabric so that posts/stakes are on the downhill side.
Install silt fence posts/stakes in trench, against downhill trench wall.
About 6‐8 inches of fabric should hang below grade in the trench.
Backfill trench (with fabric in it) on the uphill side – tamp down the fill.
Maintenance:
Check for bypasses and undercutting after rainstorms.
Use additional stakes to firm up bypass or undercut areas.
Remove sediment before it reaches halfway up the exposed fabric.
Inspect the silt fence in accordance with Part 6 of this SWPPP, and repair
undercut/bypass areas.
If a complete replacement or a new control is required, complete and
make operational within 7 calendar days where feasible.
Tips:
Silt fence should intercept and pond runoff water.
Install around entire downhill perimeter of disturbed area.
There is no need to install uphill from disturbed or bare soil areas.
Removal:
Silt fences are temporary – remove when uphill area is stabilized.
Stabilization means all bare soil is vegetated, paved, mulched, etc.
After removal, dress up or seed/mulch silt fence area.
Remove and properly dispose of or recycle silt fence fabric from the site,
or store for later reuse.
Illustration of a proper silt fence installation.
Site with properly installed silt fence. Note that
fence posts are installed on the downhill side of
the fabric. Photo credit: Barry Tonning, Tetra
Tech
Ensure silt fence is dug into ground to prevent
runoff from escaping underneath. Photo credit:
John Kosco, Tetra Tech
Appendix A – Erosion and Sediment Control Specifications
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 14
Sediment Filter Log (ES‐3)
Use: Intercept and contain muddy runoff to trap sediment. Includes fiber
rolls, sediment logs, bio rolls, etc.
Location: Downhill from bare soil or other disturbed areas.
Design criteria:
Grade area where the fiber roll will be located.
Dig a 3‐inch deep rounded trench around the downhill lot perimeter.
Install filter log in the trench, pressing firmly into place.
Place a 2” layer of compacted fill material on the upslope side of the log
to prevent undercutting.
Pull filter log gently when driving stakes – do not stretch!
Drive stakes through the filter log every 3‐4 feet; leave 3 inches above
roll.
Use 24‐inch stakes in soft soil, and 18‐inch stakes in harder ground.
Ensure maximum area draining to the filter log is less than one acre.
Use larger diameter filter log for steeper sites or high‐runoff areas.
Maintenance:
Check for bypasses and undercutting after rainstorms.
Use additional stakes to firm up bypass or undercut areas.
Remove sediment before it reaches halfway up the exposed filter log.
Inspect the sediment filter log in accordance with Part 6 of this SWPPP,
and repair undercut/bypass areas.
If a complete replacement or a new control is required, complete and
make operational within 7 calendar days where feasible.
Tips:
Filter logs are intended for relatively flat or slightly rolling terrain.
Use silt fencing in areas where slopes are long or steep.
Do not drive over filter log sections.
Removal:
Remove filter logs after all bare areas have been sodded/seeded.
Grade and sod or seed/mulch area where filter log was installed.
Illustration of filter log installation.
Drive stakes every 3-4 feet along the filter log.
Photo credit: Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech.
Make sure filter log stakes are spaced to prevent
undercutting or bypasses. Leave stake tops
extended along sections to prevent drive-overs.
Photo credit: Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech
Appendix A – Erosion and Sediment Control Specifications
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 15
Stabilized Exit Pad (ES‐4)
Use: Temporary gravel construction entrance to prevent muddy tires/wheels
from tracking sediment onto paved roads.
Location: Any point where traffic enters or leaves a construction site onto a
paved public right‐of‐way, street, or parking area.
Design criteria:
Install non‐woven geotextile on graded soil to support the exit pad.
Rock should be large enough to prevent muddy track‐out at the exit.
Spread rock evenly over geotextile.
Thickness of the pad shall not be less than 6 inches.
Grade the exit pad (usually where the driveway will be located) so that
muddy runoff does not flow onto streets or into storm drains.
Divert runoff from exit pad to grassy areas for infiltration, if possible.
Maintenance:
Apply new rock or remove mud and dirt clods to keep pad clean.
If mud or dirt clods have been tracked‐out from your site onto the
surface of streets, other paved areas, or sidewalks, remove by the end of
the same work day.
Remove track‐out by sweeping, shoveling, or vacuuming the impervious
surface. Do not hose or sweep tracked‐out sediment into any stormwater
conveyance or catch basin inlet.
If a complete replacement or a new control is required, complete and
make operational within 7 calendar days where feasible.
Tips:
Restrict vehicles and equipment from muddy areas of the site if possible.
Limit traffic onto and off site by parking vehicles on street if possible.
Removal:
Pave over, or remove and stabilize the exit pad, when construction is
completed.
Illustration of stabilized exit pad.
Good application of rock exit pad. Note short
section of material against curb that is keeping
rock from leaving site. Photo credit: John Kosco,
Tetra Tech.
Rumble pad construction exit. Photo credit: John
Kosco, Tetra Tech.
Appendix A – Erosion and Sediment Control Specifications
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 16
Dust Control (ES‐5)
Use: Prevent fine‐grained sediments from being blown away by wind to off‐
site areas or other on‐site areas where they could subsequently be washed
into surface waters.
Location: Areas where exposed soil is vulnerable to wind erosion.
Design criteria:
Select control measures from the following list:
Sprinkling/Irrigation. Sprinkle the ground surface with water until moist.
Vegetative Cover. Use seed, sod, and/or other vegetative cover to
stabilize areas that generate airborne dust. Follow requirements in SS‐1,
Vegetative Stabilization ‐ Seeding or SS‐2, Vegetative Stabilization ‐ Sod,
as applicable. Note: this is an effective method in areas not expected to
handle vehicle traffic.
Mulch. Follow specifications provided in SS‐4, Non‐Vegetative
Stabilization ‐ Mulching. Note: this is a quick and effective means of dust
control for recently disturbed areas.
Wind Breaks. Wind breaks are barriers (either natural or constructed)
that reduce wind velocity through a site and, therefore, reduce the
possibility of suspended particles. Wind breaks can be trees or shrubs left
in place during site clearing or constructed barriers such as a wind fence,
snow fence, tarp curtain, hay bale, crate wall, or sediment wall.
Maintenance:
Inspect any installed controls regularly for deterioration to ensure that
they are still achieving their intended purpose.
Dust control measures must be modified or upgraded if site inspection
shows evidence of wind erosion.
Tips:
Phasing construction activities to minimize the total area disturbed at any
one time can greatly reduce problematic dust on site.
Straw mulch can be used to both prevent
erosion and minimize dust from a site. Photo
credit: Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech.
Appendix A – Erosion and Sediment Control Specifications
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 17
Protect Areas Reserved for Vegetation and Infiltration (ES‐6)
Use: Protect areas where vegetative stabilization or infiltration practices (e.g.,
rain gardens, bioswales, septic system drainfields) will be installed from
excessive compaction.
Design criteria:
Before the start of construction, identify protected and minimal
disturbance areas with adequate signage in relevant languages (English,
Spanish, etc.) and/or fencing.
Train staff to avoid traffic and other impacts to protected areas.
Indicate protected/minimal disturbance areas on site maps/drawings.
Conduct soil restoration (i.e., conditioning) for areas that are not
adequately protected or have been degraded by previous activities.
Maintenance:
Replace fencing or signage as needed.
Tips:
Provide adequate signage in relevant languages (English, Spanish, etc.)
directing vehicle traffic on site.
Clearly mark site entrance and exit, as well as drop‐off areas for materials
delivery and waste pickup.
Protect vegetated areas using fencing or similar
barriers. Include signage to notify workers not to
enter the area.
Use fencing and signage to ensure workers
know not to disturb protected areas. Photo
credit: Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech.
Signage for tree protection area. Photo credit:
John Kosco, Tetra Tech.
Appendix A – Erosion and Sediment Control Specifications
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 18
Inlet Controls (ES‐7)
Use: Prevent soil and debris from entering storm drain inlets.
Design criteria:
To function effectively, inlet protection measures must be installed to ensure
that flows do not bypass inlet protection and enter the storm drain without
treatment. However, designs must also enable the inlet to function without
completely blocking flows in a manner that causes localized flooding. There
are several types of effective inlet protection:
Block and gravel barrier: Place two concrete blocks on their sides
perpendicular to the curb at either end of the inlet opening. These will
serve as spacer blocks. Place concrete blocks on their sides across the
front of the inlet and abutting the spacer blocks. The openings in the
blocks should face outward, not upward. Cut a 2‐by‐4 inch stud the
length of the curb inlet plus the width of the two spacer blocks. Place the
stud through the outer hole of each spacer block to help keep the front
blocks in place. Place wire mesh over the outside vertical face (open
ends) of the concrete blocks to prevent stone from being washed through
the blocks. Use chicken wire, hardware cloth with 1/2 inch openings, or
filter fabric. Place 3/4 ‐1 1/3 inch gravel against the wire to the top of the
barrier.
Sand or rock bags: Place these barriers on gently sloping streets where
water can pond. Bag should be of woven‐type or mesh geotextile fabric
since burlap bags deteriorate rapidly. Fill the bags with 3/4 inch drain
rock or 1/4 inch pea gravel. Do not fill bags completely, so they will form
a tight seal when packed in a row. Place the bags in a curved row from
the top of curb at least 3 feet into the street. The row should be curved at
the ends, pointing uphill. Several layers of bags should be overlapped and
packed tightly. Leave a one‐bag gap in the top row to act as a spillway.
Once the small catchment areas behind the bags, or block and gravel, fill
with sediment, future sediment‐laden runoff will enter the storm drain
without being de‐silted. Therefore, sediment must be removed from
these structures during or after each storm. Additional storage can be
obtained by constructing a series of bag barriers along the gutter so that
each barrier traps small amounts of sediment.
Sediment control logs: There are a variety of proprietary products
available for “curb sock” or sediment control bag inlet protection. If
proprietary products are used, design details and installation procedures
from the manufacturer must be followed.
Filter bag inlet protection: Wherever filter bags are used they should be
installed according to manufacturer’s specifications. Ensure that the
accompanying sand bag, filter log, or compost sock extends beyond the
inlet opening. Filter bags should be cleaned and/or replaced when the
bag is half full or when flow capacity has been reduced so as to prevent
flooding or bypassing of the inlet. Needed repairs should be initiated
immediately after the inspection, and a supply of replacement filter bags
should be kept on site.
Typical inlet protection that allows sediment to
settle out before stormwater is discharged to the
storm drain.
Typical filter bag inlet protection installation.
Photo credit: Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech
Typical rock bag inlet protection installation.
Photo credit: Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech
Appendix A – Erosion and Sediment Control Specifications
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 19
Maintenance:
To prevent clogging, storm drain control structures must be maintained
frequently.
Check all temporary inlet control measures on a weekly basis and after
each storm event.
Clean, or remove and replace, the inlet control as sediment accumulates,
the filter becomes clogged, or performance is compromised. Where there
is evidence of sediment accumulation adjacent to the inlet control, the
control shall be removed by the end of the same work day in which it was
found or by the end of the following work day if removal by the same
work day is not feasible.
Tips:
For best results, stabilize areas draining to the inlet as soon as feasible, to
reduce the amount of sediment flowing toward the inlet.
Inlet protection measures may be removed in flood conditions where a
clogged inlet may result in endangerment to public safety.
Appendix B –Stabilization Control Specifications
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 20
Vegetative Stabilization – Seeding (SS‐1)
Use: Establish perennial, vegetative cover in areas of bare soil for stabilization.
Design criteria:
For all sites, except those located in arid or semi‐arid areas, provide
established uniform vegetation (evenly distributed without large bare
areas), which provides 70 percent or more of the density of coverage that
was provided by vegetation prior to commencing construction. For final
stabilization, vegetative cover must be perennial.
For sites located in arid, semi‐arid, or drought stricken areas, the area of
exposed soil must be seeded so that within 3 years, 70 percent or more
of the density of coverage that was provided by vegetation prior to
commencing earth‐disturbing activities is established.
Installation:
Soil should be capable of supporting permanent vegetation.
Where compacted soils occur, they should be broken up sufficiently to
create a favorable rooting depth of 6‐8 inches. Organic compost can
serve as a viable soil amendment. If compost is used, make sure to use
well decomposed, stable, weed free organic matter source. Avoid the use
of invasive species in seed stock.
Rake soil surface smooth prior to seeding, sprigging, sodding, or
hydroseeding.
Install any erosion control practices, such as diversions or berms, to
protect the seeded area.
Spread lime and fertilizer as needed and appropriate for the soil type. To
minimize discharges of nutrients in stormwater, apply fertilizers at a rate
and in amounts consistent with manufacturer’s specifications and at the
appropriate time of year for your location.
Immediately after seeding the area, to the extent necessary to prevent
erosion of the seeded area, install non‐vegetative stabilization measures
to protect the area during growth of the vegetation. Follow the
appropriate installation requirements and other specifications for such
measures at SS‐3, Non‐Vegetative Stabilization ‐ Erosion Control Blankets
or Turf Reinforcement mats and SS‐4, Non‐Vegetative Stabilization ‐
Mulching. For arid, semi‐arid, and drought‐stricken areas, the non‐
vegetative cover must be designed to last 3 years without active
maintenance.
Water as necessary to ensure proper seed germination. Avoid excessive
watering, which can result in washing seeds away or in seed clumping.
Maintenance:
Inspect all seeded areas for failures and make necessary repairs,
replacements, reseeding, and remulching within the planting season. If
vegetation is inadequate to meet the 70 percent cover criteria, reseed,
fertilize, and remulch. Water as necessary.
Appendix B –Stabilization Control Specifications
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 21
Vegetative Stabilization – Sod (SS‐2)
Use: Provide immediate perennial, vegetative cover on areas of bare soil for
stabilization.
Design criteria:
For all sites, except those located in arid or semi‐arid areas, provide an
established uniform vegetation (evenly distributed without large bare
areas), which provides 70 percent or more of the density of coverage that
was provided by vegetation prior to commencing construction.
For final stabilization, vegetative cover must be perennial.
Installation:
Ensure soil is capable of supporting permanent vegetation.
Where compacted soils occur, they should be broken up sufficiently to
create a favorable rooting depth of 6‐8 inches. See ES‐6, Protect Areas
Reserved for Vegetation and Infiltration for soil conditioning
specifications. Organic compost can serve as a viable soil amendment. If
compost is used, it shall be of a well decomposed, stable, weed free
organic matter source.
Use sod appropriate for the climate, topography, and soil type. Do not
apply sod during very hot or wet weather.
Lay strips of sod beginning at the lowest area to be sodded and
perpendicular to the direction of water flow. Wedge strips securely into
place. Square the ends of each strip to provide for a close, tight fit.
Roll or compact immediately after installation to ensure firm contact with
the underlying topsoil. Install staples where sod might move because of
water flow.
When sodding is carried out in alternating strips or other patterns, seed
the areas between the sod immediately after sodding.
Water as necessary. Sod must be established as cover prior to
terminating permit coverage.
Maintenance:
Inspect sod frequently after it is first installed, especially after large
storms, for failures and make necessary repairs until it is established as
cover. If it is impossible to establish a healthy groundcover due to
frequent saturation, instability, or some other cause, remove the sod,
seed the area with an appropriate seed mix, and protect area with a net
or blanket.
Remove and replace dead sections of sod.
Photo of sod being installed at a residential site.
Photo credit: Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech
Sod installation failure. Sod needed staples.
Photo credit: Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech
Appendix B –Stabilization Control Specifications
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 22
Non‐Vegetative Stabilization – Erosion Control Blankets or Turf
Reinforcement Mats (SS‐3)
Use:
Establish temporary stabilization for areas of bare soil. Typically used in
combination with seeded or planted vegetation to stabilize or provide
reinforcement for disturbed areas where plants are slow to develop and to
provide temporary cover where work will continue at a later date.
Design criteria:
Note: Erosion control blankets and turf reinforcement mats must not be used
for permanent stabilization, unless being combined with seeded or planted
vegetation.
If being used to stabilize disturbed areas during the establishment of
seeded or planted vegetation, apply cover to all areas of exposed soil and
seeding where vegetation will grow.
If being used as a temporary stabilization measure prior to continuing
construction, evenly distribute the geotextile, mat, or blanket so that it
covers all areas of exposed soil.
Installation:
Select materials for the mat or blanket that are appropriate for site
conditions (e.g., use degradable straw blanket with cotton thread if area
will be mowed short; use permanent turf mats on steeper slopes where
vegetation will be taller).
Grade and shape the area of installation.
Remove all rocks, clods, vegetation, or other obstructions so that the
installed cover will have complete, direct contact with the soil. Note: If
good ground contact is not achieved, runoff can concentrate under the
product, resulting in significant erosion.
Install in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.
If the mat or blanket is being used to protect an area being seeded or
planted, seed or plant and apply any lime and fertilizer to the area before
installation of the mat or blanket, as appropriate.
Starting at the highest point, roll blanket sections downwards in the
direction of water flow. Anchor the mat or blanket after it is set in place.
Use anchors that are long enough and have sufficient ground penetration
to resist pullout, such as U‐shaped wire staples, metal stake pins, or
triangular wooden stakes. Blanket sections must overlap by at least 6
inches.
Maintenance:
Maintain good contact with the ground. Periodically check to ensure that
erosion does not occur beneath the net or blanket.
Repair and staple any areas of the mat or blanket that are damaged or
not in close contact with the ground. Fix and protect eroded areas if
erosion occurs due to poorly controlled drainage.
Illustration of slope stabilization using erosion
control blankets.
Appendix B –Stabilization Control Specifications
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 23
Non‐Vegetative Stabilization – Mulching (SS‐4)
Use: Provide temporary stabilization of soil, increase infiltration, prevent soil
compaction and decrease surface runoff. Used in conjunction with vegetative
stabilization controls such as seeding, mulching can foster vegetative growth.
Design criteria:
Apply mulch to any part of the site where soil has been disturbed and
protective vegetation has been removed.
On steeper slopes where the mulch is susceptible to movement by wind
or water, mulch material should be hydraulically applied or the straw
mulch should be appropriately anchored.
Mulch should not be applied more than 2 inches deep on seeded sites,
unless it is incorporated into the soil by tracking, disking, or other
‘punching in’ techniques.
Mulch is not to be used in areas of concentrated flow.
Installation:
Evenly distribute mulch on the soil surface, by machine or by hand to the
desired depth.
For applying straw to seeded sites, apply 1.5‐2 tons/acre, 1‐2 inches
deep, covering 80% of the soil surface. For applying straw to unseeded
sites:, apply 2‐3 tons/acre, 2‐4 inches deep, covering at least 90% of the
soil surface. For bark mulch, apply at a rate of approximately 6 tons/acre,
at a depth of 2‐3 inches. For hydraulic mulch mix, apply at rate of 1.5
tons/ac, mixed with seed and fertilizer, at recommended rates, in order
to achieve uniform, effective coverage.
Anchor mulch as necessary to minimize loss by wind or water. Common
anchoring techniques for hay or straw include crimping, tracking, disking,
or punching into the soil, and spraying with asphaltic or organic tackifier.
Maintenance:
If properly applied and anchored, little additional maintenance is required in
the first 2‐3 months. After high winds or significant rainstorms, mulched areas
should be checked for adequate cover and re‐mulched if necessary.
Other tips:
Hay mulch has potential for introducing weed seed (unwanted plant material).
Straw tends to contain very few seeds and thus is less likely to contaminate
the site. On small sites (e.g., under one acre), where straw has been
distributed by hand, it can be anchored by hand by punching it into the soil
every 1‐2 feet with a dull, round‐nosed shovel.
Example of adequate mulch coverage on 1sq.ft
area. Photo credit: Maine DOT.
Slope stabilization using mulch and mulch nets.
Photo credit: Barry Tonning, Tetra Tech
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 24
Materials Storage and Handling (PP‐1)
Use: Prevent the discharge of leached pollutants and contaminated runoff
from construction material stockpiles, chemicals, and hazardous waste.
Design criteria:
Designate separate waste collection areas for hazardous waste,
construction waste, and domestic waste. Choose areas that do not
receive a substantial amount of runoff and do not drain directly to a
waterbody.
Provide adequate signage marking each area in relevant languages
(English, Spanish, etc.).
Always unload and store materials away from storm drains and ditches.
Use tarps, plastic sheeting, or other cover to protect stored construction
materials. Use rope, bungee cords, heavy tape, etc. to secure tarps
against wind.
Fuel, hazardous waste, chemicals and fertilizers:
Store fuel, hazardous waste, and chemical products in sealed containers,
which are constructed of suitable materials to prevent leakage and
corrosion. Provide cover from rain, or provide a similarly effective means
to prevent pollutant discharges. Provide secondary containment where
necessary (e.g., spill berms, decks, and spill containment pallets).
Label chemicals in accordance with applicable Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements and all other applicable federal, state,
tribal, or local requirements. Comply with all application and disposal
requirements on any applicable labels.
Apply pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers only as necessary, and at rates
and in amounts consistent with manufacturer’s specifications, or
document differences where appropriate. Apply fertilizers appropriately
for the location, coinciding as closely as possible with maximum
vegetation uptake and growth.
Clean up spills immediately. For hazardous materials, follow clean up
instructions on the package. Use dry, absorbent clean‐up methods where
possible, such as sawdust or kitty litter, to contain the spill. Do not clean
surfaces or spills by hosing the area down. Eliminate the source of the
spill to prevent further discharges.
Maintenance:
Check downhill locations for storm drains and make sure they are
protected.
Direct staff to replace tarps and covers daily, especially before rain.
Tips:
Coordinate with other site operators to ensure availability of clean up
supplies.
Know who to call – and their phone numbers – if major spills occur.
Shelter used to protect materials from rain.
Secondary containment used to capture any spills.
Cover materials using tarps or plastic sheeting to
prevent precipitation from contacting construction
site materials. Direct work crews to replace
material stockpile covers at the end of the day and
before rain. Photo credit: Barry Tonning, Tetra
Tech
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 25
Construction and Solid Waste Management (PP‐2)
Use: Reduce potential for stormwater runoff to mobilize construction site
wastes and contaminate surface or ground water.
Design criteria:
Designate separate waste‐collection areas on site for construction,
domestic and hazardous waste. Locate waste collection areas away from
streets, gutters, watercourses, and storm drains. Provide adequate
signage in relevant languages (English, Spanish, etc.) to mark waste
collection areas.
If possible, locate dumpsters near construction site entrances to minimize
traffic on disturbed soils.
Provide waste containers of sufficient size and number to contain waste.
Cover materials that might be displaced by rainfall or stormwater runoff
with tarps, plastic sheeting, or other containment structures.
Consider secondary containment around waste collection areas to further
minimize the likelihood of contaminated discharges.
Segregate and provide proper disposal options for hazardous material
wastes (see PP‐1, Materials Storage and Handling).
On work days, clean up and dispose of waste in designated containers
and clean up immediately if containers overflow.
Clean up litter and debris from the construction site daily.
Maintenance:
Inspect waste storage areas to identify containers or equipment that
could malfunction and cause leaks or spills.
Immediately repair or replace any containers that are found to be
defective.
Tips:
During storm events, waste should be stored in watertight dumpsters or
securely covered.
Salvage or recycle waste as appropriate and recycle materials whenever
possible (e.g., paper, wood, concrete, oil).
Designate waste collection areas on-site and
provide adequate signage in English and
Spanish.
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 26
Sanitary Waste Management (PP‐3)
Use: Prevent the introduction of wastes from construction site toilet facilities
to storm drains or receiving waters.
Design specifications:
Provide accessible restroom facilities on‐site.
Portable toilets should not be located near drainage facilities or receiving
waters, nor should they be located in areas that will collect water.
Do not discharge or bury wastewater at the construction site.
Position portable toilets so that they are secure and will not be tipped or
knocked over.
Provide secondary containment pans under portable toilets, where
possible.
Provide tie‐downs or stake downs for portable toilets in areas of high
winds.
Educate employees, subcontractors, and suppliers on locations of
facilities.
Maintenance:
Inspect portable toilets for leaks, and repair or replace any leaks
immediately.
Maintain clean restroom facilities and empty waste regularly.
Ensure that the sanitary/septic facilities are maintained in good working
order and wastes are transported offsite by a licensed service.
Position portable toilets so that they are secure
and will not be tipped or knocked over. Photo
credit: Kentucky Best Management Practices for
Construction Activities, 2005
EPA Small Residential Lot SWPPP Template – Page 27
Concrete/Stucco Washout Controls (PP‐4)
Use: Capture and hold concrete washout water and concrete waste. Use this
BMP at sites in which concrete and stucco waste is present. Concrete waste is
present at most construction sites.
Location: Place washout area in a convenient location for concrete truck
drivers, but away from storm drains, ditches, stormwater inlets, and surface
waters.
Design criteria:
Use pre‐determined disposal sites for waste concrete.
Provide adequate signage in relevant languages (English, Spanish, etc.) to
mark washout area.
Direct washout water into a leak‐proof container or pit designed so that
no overflows will occur due to inadequate sizing or precipitation.
Do not dump liquid wastes in storm sewers or surface waters, and locate
washout and cleanout activities away from drainage features. If liquids
are present and must be removed, dispose of liquid wastes consistent
with the specifications in PP‐1, Materials Storage and Handling.
Use an impermeable, durable plastic liner to prevent leakage of wash
water.
Construct basin sidewalls with straw bales, wood, or earthen berms.
Fabricated washout tanks are available in some areas.
Remove and dispose of hardened concrete waste consistent with how
you dispose of other construction wastes as specified in PP‐2,
Construction and Solid Waste Management.
Maintenance:
Inspect washout basins regularly for leakage and overflows.
Immediately repair or replace any that are found to be defective.
Cover washout basins that are full, to promote complete drying of
contents prior to disposal.
Tips:
Work with other builders to share washout basin responsibilities.
Drivers and equipment operators must be instructed on proper disposal
and equipment washing practices (see above).
Removal:
When basin is full, allow contents to dry completely before removal
Illustration of large concrete washout fabricated
from straw bales, plastic sheeting, and wooden
stakes. Note how sheeting extends well over
sidewalls, and is tucked under bales.
Concrete washout for single lot use made of
straw bales and plastic. Washout is located
away from pavement, storm drains, and ditches
to ensure that any overflow does not move
toward surface waters. Photo credit: Barry
Tonning, Tetra Tech