HomeMy WebLinkAboutJenny Stein- Oppose of Netting & Bolting of Deer.PDFI\J SPCA OPPoses "Netting & B
Urges NJ Fish & Game Council
Statement by: Terry Clark, President, NJ
NEW BRUNSWICI(, NJ, MARCH 7,
Cruelty to Animals ('"NJSPCA") has ca
as a method of deer population manage
of Directors of the I\{JSPCA has conclu
f,act cruel and not anr acceptable form of
Jersey Fish and Game Council to end t
practice by a Panel of exPerts.
Net and bolt refers to the practice of luri
suspended. When deer approach bait si
at a time. The deer inside the net tend to
broken limbs and antlers, and endure a
restrained by the "netter and bolter," wh
netted deer.
The NJSPCA belie'res that the killing
stress and suffering during both the nett
reviewed various expert opinions, all of
constitutes unnecessary cruelty. Even
in designing systems to reduce the stre
describes the process as "cruel."
According to Dr. Grandin, because d
undue stress and panic. Stress may be
bolting. Moreover, in desperate attem
them, deer will often break legs and ant
deer in the wild, is inhumane.
Shooting bolts into the brain, a practice
plants, similarly ca.uses unnecessary
Captive bolt guns ,ryere specifically
structured and controlled environments
the animal's head is not immobilized a
drop netting.
A misplaced bolt rvill likely cause se
kill the struggling animal. A number
deer caught under nets is unnecessarily
Association ("AV.MA") only approves
the captive bolt is properly placed (R
requirements are virtual impossible to
animals.
S, i' r*.*t';l [.1
t e"\
$"rt-zu " 1 Jj { "cr"}'. o*-
,ing" of Deer;
End Practice & Convene Expert Panel
PCA
thanasia. Therefore, the NJSPCA urges the New
practice, pending a more thorough review of the
g deer to bait sites above which nets have been
Ithe nets are released, typically capturing several deer
then shoots a large steel bolt into the brain of the
-hich
concluded that netting and bolting of deer
;hrash violently, often resulting in injuries, including
enificant amount of stress. The deer are then physically
deer by netting artrd bolting inflicts substantial pain,
rg and bolting phpses of the operation' The^NJSPCA has
. Temple Grandi4, one of the nation's foremost experts
and suffering of animals before and during slaughter,
are "flighty" anirytals, the netting process alone causes
^.ut. ui to cause the death of some of the deer prior to
to escape the netfing or evade those trying to subdue
ers. Other experts concur that this method, when used on
ommonly used on domesticated animals in slaughter
, suffering and injury when used on deer in the wild'
gned for use on rqstrained domestic animals in highly
ih.t. bolt guns do not cause a quick or clean kill when
ifficult if not impossible task given a deer's reaction to
e injury to the deer and will require repeated attempts to
explrts agree that the use of captive bolt guns on wild
cruel. In iact, the American Veterinarian Medical
such methods if an animal is adequately restrained and
rt of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia, 2000) Such
6-The New Jerley Society for the Prevention of
ully reviewed the practice of netting and bolting deer
nt - commonly rdferred to as "net and bolt'" The Board
that the net and bolt method of deer managem€:nt is in
when using the netting form of capture on wild
E,*{, ***+*J [q
_{1.k J. Schrier +*"*\ g.{"-r**.
Mdndham Road
Mendham, NJ 07945
To Whom lt May Concern:
I write f rom my personal expf rience as a member of the NJ Fish &
Game Council for the five yedrs,2000-2005, To put it simply, I
deplore consideration of usin]O the "net-and-bolt" method to kill deer
in our municiipalities. No civif ized community would think that net'
and-bolt is a good idea.
Net-and-bolt is used in commercial slaughterhouses where the
animals (usually cattle) are hNrded into a restricted, narrow single
lane, unable to wriggle let aldng struggle. but in the field, at a baited
site, a weighted net is dropp$d onto free rOaming deer and hunters
hurriedly Clamber over to it t! shoot retraclable bolts into the
animals'head. There, the pobr creatures dO struggle, do scream, and
do try mightily to escape thef r fate. That natural and instinctive
activity mlt ei it virtually imfossible in many instances forthe bolt
to be used accurately with a Fingle shot'
Too often the bolt misses thd target, folloWed by second'and third
attempts belore getting the $olt into the deer. Even then, the head
often is miss;ed entirelY'
As a Fish & Game Council mdmber, I consistently voted against the
use of net-and'bolt.
Certain it is not. Swift, it is rlot. Humane, it surely is not' In
Princeton Torwnship where houses are relatively close and ample
hunting distance is not readily available, ahd where the citizenry
raised i lourl outcry against shooting there, net'and'bolt was turned
to while at tlhe same time kebping the public away f rom the killing
f ields.
The US Veterinarians' Assodiation has stated publicly that net'and'
bolt is not appropriate for ufe in the f ield.
lf this loathsome slaughterhouse killing method is employed in any
town, it will debase that town and its good people'
Sincerely,
Jack Sch rier
COMMENTARY: Do ElePhants Cry? : The
T$t* g,;,+**n*:*; ig {:{iE?*EtEffiiy*: #a:$*t#as ag'#
By Marc Bekoff
One of the hottest questions in the study of an
answer is, "Of course they do." Just look at
when they interact with friends and foes. Look
What we see on the outside tells us a lot about
As a scientist who's studied animal emotions
Whenever I observe or work with animals, I get
the same time, and to me, there's no conflict
there are many lines of scientific support (what I
that are rapidly accumulating from behavioral a
social neuroscience). Conrmon sense and intui
passions from pure and contagious joy during I
birds and fish are sentient and experience pain
essays on joy in rats, grief in elephants and
The bottom line is that we know more about
ignore the pain and suffering of other beings.
questions about the use of animals in their cl
that there are compelling rcasons stemming
in lieu of the numerous highly ef{ective non-an
In scientific research therer are always
obvior;s conclusion is that mammals, at the
humpback whales, fin whales, killer whales
cells in human brains. This brain region is
feelings of others, as well as rapid gut rea
likely that if we seek the presence of spindle
there's also a story about a humpback whale
caught, swam up to each of the rescuers and
that s['re was expressing gratitude.
Neuroscientific research has also shown, u
appear that force us to rethink what we know a
which were long thought to exist only in human
elephants have a huge hippocampus, a brain s
emotions. We now know lihat elephants suffer I
equivalent of post-traumatic stress disorder (P
neuroanatomical structures (for example, the i
the lirnbic system that arertied to feelings
And who would have imagined that laboratory
Research has shown that mice react more s
and it turns out that they iare fun loving as well.
research, are not considerred to be "animals"
protected from harmful rersearch. A quote from
June 4, 2004 states: "\Ale are amending the Ar
to the Act's definition of tlre term animal, The F
definition of animalto sptlcifically exclude bi
for use in research."
A PARADIGM SHIFT IS OCCURRING
The field of animal emoti,ons, an area of focus
minds called cognitive ethology, has changed
studies centering on the question, "What does
http : //www .emagazine. com/vied? 37 A2&ptr tview&imasesoff rU8l20r0
I behavior is, "Do animals have emotions?" The simple
listen to them, and, if you dare, smellthe odors they emit
is conclusive: animals are emotional ... Page i of 3
i{'ir:rm*i Vi*w I
F**tgt>rr*i ?:*9r-rgs
rn mrce.
their faces, tails, bodies and, most importantly, their eyes'
s happening inside animals' heads and hearts.
rore than 30 years, I consider myself very fortunate.
contribute to science and develop social relationships at
the two. Wrile stories about animal emotions abound,
ll "science sense") about the nature of animal emotions
neurobiological studies (from the emerging field called
r also feed into and support science sense and the
least, experience rich and deep emotional lives, fer:ling
ry, to deep grief and pain. Recent data also shows. that
sufferihg. Prestigious scientific joumals regularly publish
passions then we often admit, and we can no longer
people in higher education are faced with difficult
and research laboratories and today we must accept
scientific research to limit and perhaps stop using animals
altematives that are readily available.
Just when we think we've seen it all, new scientific; data
I to revise our ster:eotypes. For example, spindle cells,
and other great apes, have recently been discovered in
;Den'n whales in the same area of their brains as spindle
with social organization, empathy and intuition about the
Spindle cells lre important in processing.emotions. lt's
in other animals we will find them. Speaking of whales,
ro, after being untangled from a net in which she wrs
nked at therribefore swimming off. The rescuers all agreed
onal magnetic resonance imaging (fMRl)' that
^ lL^lt-:--^J^-l i* ^-^^zin the limbic system that's important in processing
m psychological flashbacks and likely experience the
). furtlrermore, all mammals (including humansllshare
and hippocampus) and neurochemical pathways in
are actually empathic? Bui we now know they are'
to painful stimuli after they observe other mice in pain,
itlresiingly, mice, used in the millions in education and
ler the federal animal welfare act in the U.S. and aren't
U.S. Federal Register, volume 69, number 108, Friday
Welfare Act (AWA) regulations to reflect an amendment
Security and'Rurai lnvestment Act of 2002 am<>nded the
rats of the genus Rattus, and mice of the genus M/us, bred
the scientific disojpline concemed with the study rlf animal
great deal in the last 30 years' When I first began my
Teel like to be a dog or a wolf?" researchers were almost all
COMMENTARY: Do EbPhants Cry? : The
skeptics who spent their tirne wondering ffdogs,
animal emotions have evolived the way they
the burden of "proof' now lalls to those who still
colleagues and I no longer have to put tentative
write about an animal's inner life.
Many researchers also recognize that we musf
we discuss animal emotions but that if we do it
we can still give due consideration to the animal
renowned ethologist and nreuroscientist and
tendencies when he describes baboon
be perceived as such. l've nonetheless been
that they were not capabler of recognizing that.
Part of the challenge in understanding the
not projecting human valu'es. That's primatizing
we call it, researchers agrce that animals and
not inserting something human into animals, bu
language to communicate what we observe.
to understand animal emotions.
Over the years, l've noticerd a curious
that an animal is happy, no one questions it,
feelings don't fit under a microscope, these scie
wasn't their dog! But today the question of real i
anthropomorphism are immediately raised and
of people who try to justi!'keeping animals in :
positive emotions is as anthropomorphic as
THE EVOLUTION OF ANIMAL EMOTIONS:
It's bad biology to argue argainst the existence
biology, cognitive etholog'y and social neuro
have nich and deep emotironal lives. Emotions
serve as a social glue to tlond animals with
of soc;ial encounters among friends and
and flexibly using various behavior patterns in
ideas about evolutionary r:ontinuity, that
kind, argue strongly for the presence of animal
continuity allows us to connect the "evolutiona
evolved traits including individual feelings and
and empathy fits in well vrrith what we know
interactions and social networks are. Emoti
without which animals-b,oth human and nonh
borders between "them" (animals) and "us" are
ANIN,IAL EMOTIONS AND SCIENCE
Studying animal emotions addresses a nur
skeptics feel that we are so uncertain about
prefer to put off weighing in until we know mo
sure. But science is never as certain as many
says it well in his book Uncertain Science--.
decisions about the futune, big and small, mu
uncertainty is eliminated is an implicit
... Uncertainty, far from kreing a banier to
ingredient of , creativitY."
Coneerning animal sentitlnce, which includes
Sentience and Animal Welfare, "The nature of
http : //www .emagazine. r:omlvied? 37 A2&ptr imagesoff r11812010
;ats, chimpanzees and other animals felt anything. Since
tists usually didn't find any-and as I like to say, l'm gla.d I
animals are emotional ... Palge 2 of 3
ance ii notwhetheranimals have emotions, bltt why
s around such words as "happy" or "sad" when we
. In fact, the paradigm has shifted to such an extent that
rque that animals don't experience emotions. My
anthropomorphia (attribute human traits to animals) when
efully and biocentrically (from the animals' poin!of view),
'posiiion. As Professor Robert Sapolsky, a world-
riof A Primate's Memoirs notes about his anthropomorphic
"One hopes that the parts that are blatantly ridiculous will
rned by some of my more humorless colleagues-tg:9e
re broider answerithough, is l'm not anthropomorphizing.
ior of a specles is that they look like us for a reasotr. That's
generalities that we share with them." No matter what
rns share many traits, including emotions. Thus, we're
we're identifying commonalities and then using human
rg anthropomorphic is doing what's natural and net;essary
that I call anthropomorphic double-talk. lf someone says
if someone says ihat an animal is unhappy, then charges of
rtics ask, "Fiow do you know this?" This is especially true
or using them for invasive research. Of course, seeing
negative emotions, but some people just don't get it.
ING EMOTIOI\IS TO ANIMALS IS BAD BIOLOGY
animal emotions. Scientific research in evolutionary
support the view that numerous and diverse animals
evolved as adaptations in numerous species and they
tors and permit animals to protect themselves adaptively
wide variety of venues. Charles Darwin's well-accepted
among species are differences in degree rathe'r than
ions, empathy, and even moral behavior. ln prractice,
dots' among different species to highlight similarities in
rssions. Vtfritwe have since learned about animal emotions
rt the lifestyle of different species-how complex their social
empathy, and knowing right from wrong are keys to survival,
another. Emotionq also catalyze and regulate a wide variety
man-would perlsh. That's how important they are The
and permeable.
in Warld: "Beoause uncertainty never disappeetrs,
is actually a strong stimulus for, and an important
of big questions concerning how science is conducted. Many
>ther other animals have any sort of emotional life that they
For some, this really means waiting until we are absolutely
ruld like it to be. Climate change researcher Henry Pollack
always be made in the absence of certainty. Waiting until
rent of the status quo, and often an excuse for maintaining it'
lns. veterinarian John Webster notes in his
ce is that it never (well, hardly ever) yields
book Animal
answers that
feelings-that they don't experience joy and sat
question, even in scientific gatherings, although
COMMENTARY: Do ElePhants Cry?
are complete and unequivclcal, but the consens
we use for our owl purposes, whether for food,
simplest definition of animal sentience is 'F
I often begin my lectures vldth the question: "ls
as the person glances around to see if anyone i
have feelings?" then almost every hand waves
Using behavior as our guicle, by analogy we
templates, and we do it very reliably.
WHY ANIMAL EMOTIONIS MATTER
When people tell me that they love animals
tell them that l'm glad they don't love me. R
animals' feelings matter. A,nimals are sentient
must respect this when wer interact with them.
already know should be enough to inspire
continue with the status quo because that is
know has changed, and so should our relations
welfare" isn't "good enough."
Our relationship with other animals is a
continually reassess how'we should interact
asking difficult questions. Thus, I often ask
your dog?" Some are staftled to hear this quest
won't do something to their dog that they do da
elephants or chimpanzee$, vve need to know
Humans have enormous power to affect the
innumerable animals in a wide variety of ve
creatures with feelings, and with the
responsibility and obligation to treat other be
doubt whatsoever that, when it comes to what
that should inform our disr:ussions and our a
Emotions are the gifts of <lur ancestors, We
MARC BEKOFF ts a Professor in the
Calorado in Boulder. Allo'f this materialis
Scientist Explores Animal Joy, Sonow, and
2A07).
c o NTACTS : Sas--?eedli; #?:*gsse,lq;i
Did you enjoy this article?' **
ii;.rir. i it,,tr,i ir:: :::i :":
http : //www .emagazine. com/view/? 37 O2&ptiptview&imagesoff rU8l2010
ence is conclusive: animals are emotional ... Page 3 of 3
) anyone in this audience who thinks that dogs drln't have
is?" I've never had an enthusiastic response to this
occasion a hand ortwo goes up slowly, usually halfirvay,
watching. But if I qsk, "How many of you believe thrat dogs
ildly and people smile and nod in vigorous agreement.
the feelings of othier beings onto our own emotional
that what hurts us hurts them comes the enormous
with respect, appreciation, and compassion. Ther'e's no
I can and cannot do to other animals, it's their emotions
that matter."'
ns on their behalf.
them. and so do other animals. We must never fcrrget this'
among scientists is that most, if not all the animals that
'fun oi for scientific procedures, are sentient. The
of Ecology and Evotutianary Biology at the Unive>rsity oi
fi in his book Tlire Emotional Lives of Animals: A Leading
\Mry They Matter (New World Library, ()alifornia,
e they're feeling beings and then go on to abuse ihem, I
inq that animalq have emotions is important beciause
lslxperiencing the ups and downs of daily life, and we
ile we obviously have much more to lbarn, what we
s in the way we treat other animals. We must not simply
we've always done and it's convenient to do so. lMlat we
ls with animals. Quite often what we accept as "good
ambiguous, challenging and frustrating affair, and we must
our nonhuman kin. Part of this reassessment involves
rchers who conduct invasive work "Would you do that to
r, but it's a very important one to ask because if s'omeone
to other dogs or to mice, rats, cats, monkeys, pigrs, cows,
I any way we choose. Daily, we silence sentience in
Howevei, we also know that we're not the only sentieni
ri:s+:r-qry.:i-€ii-*tl1f i+iii
r-* *r:r* *f a t f.rl aa*.xi;';e i
{-i rll i'.f; l'rii n i l-[ ri]i1.1: I
t' . i -r a1,r'iiriii..:: :ii
COMMENTARY: Do ElerPhants Cry?
T*:e'**i*;:*e
By Marc Bekoff
:'1 '':':j. .'' - i i
i:,..,-'. i.:,i t'-
'ig #<>s.t*E*a*e""*:
One of the hottest questions in the study of an
answer is, "Of course they do," Just look at
when they interact with frie'nds and foes. Look
Wrat we see on the outside tells us a lot about
As a scientist who's studied animal emotions
'ft'henever I observe orwork with animals, I get
the same time, and to me, there's no conflict
there are many lines of scientific support (what I
that are rapidly accumulating from behavioral a
social neuroscience). Common sense and intui
obvious conclusion is that mammals, at the ve
passions from pure and contagious joy during
birds and fish are sentient and experience pain
essays on joy in rats, grie{'in elephants and e
The bottom line is that we know more about
ignore the pain and suffering of other beings.
questions about the use of animals in their cla
that there are compelling rcasons stemming f
in lieu of the numerous highly effective
In scientific research therer are always surpri
appear that force us to relhink what we know
which were long thought to exist only in humi
huqppagk whales, fin whales, killer whales an
c-ells in human brains. This brain region is link
feelings of others, as well as rapid gut reacti
likely that if we seek the presence of spindle
theie's also a story about a humpback whale
caught, swam up to each of the rescuers and
that she was expressing gratitude.
Neurcrscientific research has also shown, u
elephants have a huge hippocampus, a brain
emotions. We now know llhat elephants suffer
equivalent ilf post:tiaumd$c stress disorder (
neuroanatomical structures (for example, the
the limbic system that are,tied to feelings
And who would have imagined that laboratory
Research has shown that mice react more
and it turns out that they iare fun loving as well.
research, are not considerred to be "animals"
protected from harmful re,search. A quote from
June 4. 2004 states: "We are amending the An
to the Act's definition of tlre term animal. The
definition of animalto specifically exclude bi
for use in research."
A PARADIGM SHIFT IS OCCURRING
The field of animal emotiions, an area of focus
minds called cognitive ethology, has changed
studies centering on the question, "\Mtat does
hup ://www .emagazine. r;om/view/T1 A\&prt$tv
The sc ence is conclusivo: animals are emotional ... Page 1 of 3
i __-_---_i___-----___---
i l{erg-*lIi-e.iJ i:i ; rri iil
ttc?*sE ***ngc
I behavior is, "Do animals have emotions?" The sirmple
listen to them, and, if you dare, smell the odors thr:y emit
their faces, tails, bsdies and, most importantly, theiir eyes'
's happening inside animals' heads and hearts.
more than 30 years, I consider myself very fortunate'
r contribute to science and develop social relationships at
n the two. Wriie stories about animal emotions abound,
"science sense") about the nature of animal emotions
neurobiological Studies (from the emerging field called
r also feed into and support science sense and the
least, experience rich and deep emotional lives, fer;ling
ry, to deep grief arld pain. Recent data also shows. that
suffering-. Presfigious scientific journals regularly publish
thy in rnice.
i,,., i.r i'i',::i ;. I i.,:.l r
€E:i€TB5g= *{*
rooms and researoh laboratories and today we must accepi
n scientific researdh to limit and perhaps stop usingl animals
I altematives that are readity available'
Just when we think we've seen it all, new scientific data
passions then we often admit, and we can no longer
people in higher education are faced with difficttlt
t to revise our stereotypes. For example, spindle cells,
and other great apes, have recently been discovercd in
sperm whales in the same area of their brains as spindle
with social organization, empathy and intuition about the
Spindle cells are important in proces_sing.emotions. lt's
; in other animals we will find them' Speaking of whales,
, after being untangled from a net in which she was
ied at thenibefore swimming off. The rescuers all agreed
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRl), that
in the limbic system that's important in processing
m psychological flashbacks and likely experience.the
. furtnermore, all mammals (including humans) share
and hippocampus) and neurochemical pathways in
are actually empathic? But we now know they are.
to painful stimuli after they observe other mice in pain,
ntbresiingly, micel used in the millions in education and
lerthe fedbralanimalwelfare act in the U.S. and aren't
U.S. Federal Register, volume 69, number 108, Friday
Welfare Act (AWA) regulations to reflect an amendment
rm Security and Rurat Investment Act of 2002 amended the
rats of the genus Rattus, and mice of the genus lVlug bred
the scientific disoipline concemed with the study of animal
great deal in the last 30 years' \Mlen I first began my
Teel like to be a dog or a wolf?" researchers were almost all
iew&imagesoff,tTl8l20l0
COMMENTARY: Do HlePhants Cry? : The
skeptics who spent their finne wondering if dogs,
feelings don't fit under a iniicroscope, these sciet
wasn't their dog! But todfly the question of real i
animal emotions have e{olved the way they hat
tji-e-_b-ufdgn-gf lp-roof' now falls to those who still
colieagubs and I no longpr have to put tentative
write about an animal's ihnrer life.
Many researchers also rpcognize that we musf
we discuss animal emotions but that if we do it
we can still give due consideration to the animal
renowned ethologist and neuroscientist and autl
tendencies when he describes baboon behavior
be perceived as such. l'ye nonetheless been
that they were not capa$le of recognizing that.
Part of the challenge in lrnderstanding the beha
not projecting human values. That's primatizing
we call it, researchers agree that animals and h
not inserting something human into animals, bu
language to communicalte what we observe.
to und6istand animal erhotions.
Over the years, l've notipe,d a curious
that an animal is happy, no one questions it,
anthrooomorohism are ihrmediately raised aanthropomorphism are il
of people who try to juslify'keeping animals in
positive emotions is as f,nthropomorphic as sr
THE EVOLUTION OF ANIMAL EMOTIONS:
It's bad biology to argu{ against the existence
biology, cognitive ethol{gr1 and social neurosc
have rich and deep emdtional lives. Emotions
serve as a social glue t$ bond animals with or
of social encounters anlong friends and comp
and flexibly using variolrs behavior patterns in
ideas about evolutionarf r:ontinuity, that differe
kind, argue strongly for the presence of animal
continuity allows us to (onnect the
evolved traits including inrCividual feelings and
and empathy fits in well vlrith what we know ab
interactions and social
without which anima
borders between "themf' (animals) and "us" are
ANIMAL EMOTIONS SCIENCE
Studying animal emotiQnr; addresses a numbt
skeptics feel that we arF so uncertain about u
prefer to put off weighi$g in until we know mot
sure" But science is neirer as certain as many
says itwellin his book Uncertain Scr'ence...
decisions about the futf rr:, big and small, m
unceilainty is eliminated is an implicit endorse
... Uncertainty, far frorip b,eing a barrier to prog
ingredient of, creativitYl"
Concerning animal seritience, which includes r
Sentience and Animal l,flelfare, "The nature of
http : //www. emagazinp. <;om/vi ew/? 37 02&pr\tview&imagesoff w8l2a10
animals are emotional ... Page 2 of 3
, chimpanzees and other animals felt anything. Since'usualiy didn't find any-and as I like to say, l'm glad I
ln fact, the paradigm has shifted to such an extent that
lue that animals don't experience emotions' My
isnotwhetheranimals have emotions, bttt why
around such words as "happy" or "sad" when we
s. Vtfrit we have since leamed about animal emotions
perlsh. Thatts how important they are. The
rky and permeable.
ain Wodd: "Because uncertainty never disappears,
ss, is actually a strong stimulus for, and an import'ant
"One hopes that the parts that are blatantly ridiculous will
rned by some of my more humorless colleagues-to see
ne broider answer, though, is l'm not anthropomorphizing.
ior of a species is that they look like us for a reasott. That's
e generalities that we share with them'" No matten what
rans share many traits, including emotions. Thus, we're
we're identifuing tommonalities and then using hurnan
rg anthropomorphic is doing what's natural and neoessary
that I call anthropomorphic double-talk. lf someone says
if someone says that an animal is unhappy, then charges of
tely raised and ask, "tiow do you know this?" This is especially true
ros or using them fgr invasive research. Of course, seelng
ng negative emotions, but some people just don't get it'
posiiion. As Professor Robert Sapolsky, a world-
i of A Primate's Memoirs notes about his anthropomorphic
ING EMOTIONS TO ANIMALS IS BAD BIOLCIGY
animal emotions. Scientific research in evolutionary
support the view that numerous and diverse animals
evolved as adaptations in numerous species and they
another. Emotions also catalyze and regulate a wide variety
tors and permit animals to protect themselves adaptively
anthropomorphia (attribute human traits to animals) when
efully and biocentrically (from the animals' point of view),
wide variety of venues. Charles Danrvin's well-accepted
ces among species are differences in degree rather than
-----l L^L^.,:^- l6 ^-aaliaamotions, empathy, and even moral behavior. In priactice,
dots" among different species to highlight similarities in
rt the lifestyle of different species-how complex their social
empathy, ind knowing right fronn wrong are keys to s.urvival,s are. Emotions
human tiiiii-
of big questions concerning how science is conduc;ted' Many
:theiotirer animals have any sort of emotional life that they
Forsome, this really means waiting untilwe are absolutely
luld like it to be. Climate change researcher Henry Pollack
lways be made in the absence of certainty. Waiting until
rnt of the status quo, and often an excuse for maintaining it'
g9MMENTARy: Do Ihephants cry? : The sc{ence is conclusive. animals are emotional ... Pa5le 3 of 3
are complete and unequivocal, but the
"onr"ntub lmong scientists is that most, if not all the animals that
we use foreqr ouvn puipqres, whether for food, fbr fun oifor scientific procedures, are sentient' The
simplest definition of anidnal sentience is 'Feelinls that matter."'
ld any way we choose. Daily, we silence sentience in
. Howevei, we also know that we're not the only se'ntieni
that what hurts us hurts them comes the enormousr
respomsibility and obligdtion to treat other bein
doubt whatsoever that, wlren it comes to what
with respect, appreciation, and compassion' Ther'e's no
r can and cannot do to other animals, it's their emotions
that s;ftrould inform our dis,cussions and our a on their behalf.
Emotions are the gifts Qf our ancestors. We thern, and so do other animals. We must never forget this'
p/olessorrn the DepartmA,nt of Eeotagl allFuoJutio.Taru,li9t99y3t^t!:y:i':'?':!::
in his baok The Emotional Lives of Animals: A Leading
Vllhy They Matter (New Wortd Library, California,
C O N TACT S : i'r'f.:n;--ij+ti;
Did you enjoy this articlei'i::i;:!z.i-t.;?:, j;|::!i*i.i1*.i,i,i,u::
I often begin my lectures rruith the question: "ls thpre Tlgne in this audience who thinks that dogs don't have
feelingsjhat tirey oon'i ",,p.n"n.'. loy and sadfress?" l've never had an enthusiastic response 19 tJ,i?.
qr"iti,rn, even in lcientific gatherings, aftfrougl'r fn occasion a hand ortwo goes up slowly, usually halfway,
as the person glances a4ou-no to se6 if anyon6 i{ watching. But if I ask, "How many of you believe that. dogs
nave teerings/ then alnlor;t every hand waves v{itoty and-people smile and nod in vigorous agreement.
Using tcehalior as our gqricle, by inalogy we ma$ thb feelings of other beings onto our own emotionial
templates, and we do it VerY reliably.
WHY ANIMAL EMOTIONIS MATTER
When people tell me thdt they love animals bec{use they're feeling beings and then go on to abuse them, I
tell them that l,m glad thpy don't love me. Recolnizing that animals have emotions is important.beciause
animals, feelings iraiter] n,nimals are sentient n4ingslxperiencing the ups and downs of daily life, etnd we
must nespect tfiis when wer interact with them. \h'-lq E7 qbvjously have much m.ore.to.learn, what we
already know should be enough to inspire cnand6s Tfftne way we treat other animals. We must not simply
continue with the status quo b?cause inat is whfit we've always done and it's convenient to do so. !\ftat we
know has changed, ;;d ;,, should our relationsipips with animals. Quite often what we accept as "good
welfare" isn't "good enorfgh."
Our relationship with otlier animals is a comple>{, ambiguous, challenging ald frustrating affair' and.we must
continually reassess hoW,we should interactwitii our nonhuman kin. Part of this reassessment involves
asking difiicult questionri. Thus, I often ask resehrchers.who conduct invasive work "Would you do lhat to
your rJog?" Some are stlr,tteO to hear this questi,bn, bu! it's a very important one to ask because if someone
wonlt Oi something to t$eir dog that they do daiiy to other dogs or to rnice, rats' cats, monkeys, pigrs, cows,
etepnants oi cfrimpantd"s, we"n"ed to lnow w{y.
Colorado in Boulder. Ail of this material is d
Siientist Explores Anirlpal Joy, Sonow, and
2AA7).
http : //www. emagazin[. r:om/view/? 37 }2&prlptvi ew&imagesoff rU812010
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water de$th end ?J'rr:*: sflr,Jbs as bridg*s tG cr*ss deep saic*es *f =v*ar::p' '#l-ril*
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l4acaqi.res living near l3i":delhisf shrine En i. Thailanc' ar* knsinl* to pull cut neir ft*n'I
vislt*rs t0 use as l* f:?an ti':=!r meuths.i€s €o*en =lsw dsw$ and exaggeret* t*eir
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http://news.national 10/1006 041006 chimps.html 1718/2010
Ghimps Sh Using Not Just a Tool but
o1; Just a Tool but a "T Kit"
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r *-=gqcryf Site lnc{ex *cJk}r
At!CTENT U'IORLD ENVIRONMEN"T hiHWS CULT{JRf:; i''}EW5 5P
id*ws
t* rep!*** e pu+ctl:i*d €ire *rf;x * l*eky €eu**'i
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kri*rry* i** i*tp*tt=*
how chimpanzees in
National Park in the
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f h<"t*gra.5'her Fighi*
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'fdhe* it e*i::es t* cfi ng int* t*imiis flu*sElds t* g*i a ?a-qiy snaek.
Using infrared, motion-video cameras, researchers have documented
Goualougo Trianglp--a region within the Nouabal6-Ndoki
of Congo---use a variety of tools to extract termitr:s
from their nests. The kits' are among the most complex ever observed in wild
chimp populations.
See Ghimp Video Glips (Real One Player
Requircd)
. u.jid**r '1 : Asiriit {*t-'t*l* P*n*txr*;-:: T*i:'cit;.:
l*#=i Hiftf-: iiti*k
. Yisl** 2. Yr:'**g Fr4a[* P-r;:relui*s f"i*-"*-t, Th*n
"F!xh*:*"
. iJiile* 3: ,&"**it F*mai* Fuirsir:ie*
A.L:*v*gi-*;;i:ri i'i+*t, Tke* "Fisi1sl"
Wdeo$ courtesy T{t* f4m *ri *at-r is*f ;c;eii$f'
Tq_oIJ$e_amp-lgp-h!Flanz.."es.s-.ic!.vell
docq.rylented. For example, chimps in the TaT
rain forest- in West Africa's COte d'lvoire, use
s{*ri* 'fhar-*irl*rg" to crack open nuts. In
Tanzania's Gombe NationalPark, chimps use
straw and blades of grass to hunt for termites,
LI
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Chimps Shown Using
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Just a Tool but a "T
El*sive Aftice* ABes: Gi
Ctrimps or New -$peeies?
Craws Better atTao{
Chimps, Siudy $aye
Chimps Belong on Hur*an
*f Far*tly Tree, $fudY Sa
Cl'**tp Nut-Cracking Site
Clues io Early Tacl Use
The new video carneras
f:or subtenanean nests
into the earth, dr#-**.**1c*a*4.
probe to harvest
through theirteeth to
collec{ing the insects.
"lfs exciting to watch
-r.tg9-.th"ej.t
" said Pat
'fermlte Hunting, Ti Act To Follow
ars Rcver Ab*ilt
ta Die?
Page 2 of3
as made famous in Jane Goodall's classic Idocumentaries. I
The neril s:tudy, published in the current issue
of the biology journal The American Naturalist, Mr
adds another detailto this picture.
For the last two decades scientists in the
Congo f,iver Basin have been collecting N/
sticks-lools discarded after termite fishing'-
around termite mounds. But few have a-
witnessed the chimPs in action.
d chirnps usinq one short stick to penetrate the
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SOURGES AND RELATED WEB
SITES
VIICS: Gcuatougc ChimP $tudY
Naturelist
Yerkes
Center
Research
Naiionaf Frimate Researeh Center
** Rare
Fea*titrg
ft* fifieire Videos in F{ews
Emaii ihe l.iews Siaff
ADVERTISE}viENT
orillas Spied
Figs
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041006
e chimps use their feet to force a lqger" -ryg$lp-*lgfls into termite pjggnefs, and then a separate fisnlng
rd@ted the fishing probe,
.pulling-
it
ttre better for
do
stick into
New York State's StonY
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Gontinued on Next Fage>> /
Chimps Shown Using
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Clhimps S
a "Tool Kif'
T,he ehin*gs use *ns
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Tlne preference for these
mraterials are best suited
based Wildlife
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http://news.nati phic.com/r1l8l201a
ot Just a Tool but a "T
MAiFi Aj\iilvlAl. ltEVltS
<"r Bar:k i* Pag* 1 ilag*ll t>i 2
arrive at'the ter*itJnests
Mlorgan, a conservationist
Fiint*r Fi;endly
Frcai!i* * Frlerxi
{} +atr. * *,"5'v1i*tt Giisiy F i.i
'Hai"f*i: ir4+nk*y*" {,}ff*r E
f"i*nhii*1*i'; "u*Flut*"
E::*si.;e Afiir;::*n AFle3. Giaant
*kii*,-t.c* c;- l.l*r.: $pec!e*?
Page 1 of3
rg=eRlrj Sitelndex suh*ci.iPilt
Ehi-.r WORL* Et''lwRohli'4rl.tT NEvvS CULT{JRE9 i{FIVS SFAsirf i
n Using Not Just a Tool but
r tre* spe*i*s-Ff?+mee?dersie &ertsjj-t*
s€i*ks *r:* an *erb*-5arc*P*rgx{xx $sp"*{*i
;s suggests that chimps norglly_!n9y wlich-rgw
each task but also travel to seek them. The chimps
tfiJaiFpropriatetbols in nanC, baid co-author Dave
Cambridge University in the U.K, and the Bronx-
Society in NewYoqk.
Termite tisliring is much tougher than one might
thinK said po-author Crickette Sanz, an
anthropologist at Washington University in St'
Louis. Misgouri. Sanz and Morgan both tried
fishing for the insects.
1i4/
After cracking through the sunbaked mounds
or subterranean chambers with twigs or sticks,
fashioning a good fishing probe is a challenge'
The chimp$ even use special techniques for
pulling the aggressive soldier termites off the
end of the probe. 'We were less successful
than most i:f the [chimp]youngsters-this is a
complex skillthat is developed with years of
practice," $anz said.
fal
iThe video showed infants watching closely as
j mother chimps skillfulty extract sticks :
j swarming With large, shiny black termites.
lj tnrough these social interactions, tool-using i
-it':;r:.: i behaviors pnd techniques are passed from one'
j inoiviouat tothe next-u&9t.nenyg9.ie-n!9ts
:i believe to be the hallmark of culture. l
ii"*--*"'::*l
1 0/1 006_04 1 006-chimPs Z.html
ffi
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The
tU8,l20ro
who reviewed the
multiple tools for a
other noteworthy is the technology4otion-triggered cameras-Sanz
Morgan used to spy the chimps at six termite mounds.
he videos are very
at termite mounds.
re-121exampleq of chimps using more than one
chimps are in one of the most remote rain forests in
world- No one has viewed them so closbly-the results are very exciting
and very new," Wright
At other study sites in like Jane Goodall's famed Gombe site, the chimps are
habituated to humans. 'At there are at feast one or two people who follow
the chimps around their lives, So that's got to have some sort of impact,
an used video analysis to minimize the impact on the
chimps and bypass the
But as the cameras were the chimps, the chimps were also inspecting the
cameras. Many of the stopped in their tracks when they first sawthe camera
units-but the responses very different betr,treen individuals. Some
i mmed iately retreated.
l€,OS.
walked right up to the camera and peered into the
Close Encounters With Camera
O,ne infant gained a little courage with eaqh visit to the nest. The first time he
siawthe camera. he and looked intd the lens. The second time, he sat
irr front of the camera and to press his fingFr through the glass. On his third
visit, he tried to insert a tool into the lens.
arch. "This is the first time we have seen chimps
task." he saiol"f'- -
Just a Tool but a Kit"
{}hir*ps Eelong +n l{uman
*f Famif_v Tree, $i*iiy SaYs
*hii*p fti*t-Crackir'tg Sit* O
Ciue* to Earty Toal Use
Fuentes said. "Sanz and
"\ly'e were very humored
another infant to inspect
When Gulick heard what
cameras were fixed
T he study reinforces the
prlanet. Humans, chimps,
that tool use originated
F:uentes said.
l'he researchers are
The research was funded in large part by the
National Geographic Society's Expeditions
Council and the Wildlife Conseruation Society
NewTechnologY Better for ChimPs
Both the findings and the methods used to
conduct the research are novel, said Agustin
primatologist at the University of Notre Dame in
Page 2 of 3
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a bit worried during his last visit, when he brought
camera," Sanz said.
The cameras were the of electrical ellgineer Steve GulicK director of
V/ildland Security, a organization that develops antipoaching
technology. Gulick often his talents to conservation projects.
and Morgan warfted to study, he rigged up a single
camera near a termite rnd. The camera worked well, and five additional
a 1 00-sq uare-ki lometer (40-sq uare-mile) rad ius'
that tool use began long before humans walked the
observe ditferences in
l-here is tremendous to document thqse chimpanzee cultures quickly
ernimals are endangered a burgeoning trade in their meat and outbreaks of
orangutans all used wood and bone tools, suggesting
a common ancestor more than 12 million years ago'
their camera afray to more chimp communities to
I 0/1 006_04 1 0$6-chimps-2.html
'Chimps ShownUsing
H*me I Anin-:a
ivl*bil* l*ia.6ezi
{}iv*.+e ruGS i C*ftta
http ://news. nationalg phic.coml I 0/1 006_04 1 006-chimps 2.htm1 rU8./2010
Just a Tool but a "
such as Ebola.in which they reside are threatened by logging
iving relatives provides
:l users. Examining these behaviors in our closest
ts into the material culture and social tradittons of our
ies." Sanz said. "As forests vanish so do our opportunities to document
within them. We Qre quickly losing these apes thatunique cultures that
hardly know"
Miss a Discovery
up far the frce inside i*nai #c;*grapfric rjewsteft*r, Every two weeks we'll
you our top news by e-mail.
For more primate scroll to bottom.
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Page3 of3
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An octopus in
open jars und ter.
Frieda the fou
demonstrates
nth-old octopus
r speclal skill to stunned
in Munich everycrowds at Hella unn zoo
day.
Keepers said F a puts her whole body
over the jar an grips onto the lid with her
n quickly twists her bodY
round to open he jar.
$Jeb E*ii*Ese
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suckers. She
And she's even
figured out the
difference betraieen
empty jars and ones
which are filled with
her fave snack$ -
crabs, clams al,]rd
shrimps.
Her keepers repkon
F,€EF"
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lClever
she just picked
from watching
open jars of
front of her eve
day.
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after another
an hour at a go
jars with her
gives all other
FE E-mail this
* Full Animals
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Pictures I Find Out
http://news.bbc.co.u s/hi/animal r1l8l2010
up
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opensjars of Page 2 of2
waterg
rThey are completely
deaf
* Can chpnge skin
colour for camouflage
. Can sqtfeeze through
tiny sp4ces
One r Fact here
half
" one keeper said. "But only
ial goodies in them. She
rs the cold slltoulder."
to a friend
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crow Makes wire Hoolh to Get Food
lJ*Tt s F$AL,f, €fi Gff errHi{
Page 1 of3
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'i .:;! ,,' . ::::'!ii':l
lOrow Ma Wire Hook to Get Food
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r;*n*i*tJ i*ai *n* s**h cf*:a', a. **ttti'"u*:*m*?i*' it**
To obtain out-of-reach the crow repeatedly took a piece of straight wire and
bent it to create a According to the researchers, who report their findings in
the August 9, 2002 i oI Science, this behavior suggests that New Caledonian
crows "rival nonhuman in tool-related cognitive capabilities."
New Caledonian crows living in the wild dct
create hooked probes from twigs, but the
captive crow did something very different.
"To ourknowledge, there are no confirmetl
reports of any animal making a hook out of
unnatural material, such as wire, to solve il
new problem," said Alex Kacelnik, a behavioral
ecologist who coauthored the report with l\lex
A. S. Weir and Jackie ChaPPell.
.. gg'1gpryq?SruA&i1g1g _betour,eror,v is that,
gr*sd'tidth.a nffi otrt a'
. netw sdutonty'herb$tf,*said Kccelnk. "ln the
wild, New Caledonian crows make hooks by
working on twigs, but they live in social grrcups
and follow age-old techniques in responser to
problems that the species may have been
exposed to for thousands ofyears."
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,Crew Makes Wire
#:1,",t...
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Emait ihe l.lev'+s Stalf esnta*t Otfter Siaff
11181201A
with Abel, a male to the laboratory irlUUyttram, Oxfard afrer spending ten
zoo. A hatchway leads from the indoor room to a testingyears in a New
alrea.
Eletty's toolmaking came to by accident dudng an experiment in which
a a straight wire for retrieving
simall pieces of pig their favsrite food.Abelmade off with the hooked N/
wire, Betty bentthe wire into a hook and used the tool to lift a small bucket
t,o GetFood
T'he crow, named Betty,
2000. Since then, she
of food from a vertical
presented with wire.
The researchers then
systernatically. They
and waited for either
l3etty bent the wire into
bending the wire.
l3etty almost always
hooks ofvarying
Kacelnik. "Naturally,
LATEST NEWS
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io Dle?
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Hetped ta
ars Rover Ab*tti
maRders
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rilias Spied
Figs
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Page 2 of3
s caught as a juvSnile in Yat6, New Caledonia in Manch
shared a large indoor room and a small outdoor aviary
, This experiment was the first time the crows had been
ised a new experirpent to test Betty's startling behavior
d one piece of str{ight garden wire on top of the tube
'to try retrieving the food. In her ten successful retrievals,
hosk nine times. Abel retrieved the food once, without
to get the foad with the straight wire first. She then made
by wedging one enp of the wire into taped-up sections of
I
l\rl {
lihe tube apparatus and
with her bill.
, or by holding it in her feet, while pulling the other end
'The researcherc creation of hooks cannot be attributed to lhgffiSihtFs16Taono
fiiit'EiEffibffi;5frflvery li mited Pri orGrows
experience with wire,see her actions aS novel and purposeful
'To sobe a neuv , she did something she had never done before," said
must have exploited abilities she acquired doing other
tasks in the past, but
way by reorganizing
showed the capadi$ to solve a new problem in a creative
expefience."
Gontinued on hiex€ Fage >>
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SOURCES AND RELATED WEB
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Sehaviaral Ecof*gy R*se*rch Group
Robed f**kler's Hame Fage
Cbsmic Log - How ani
l-ioimail lvi0ie
Rec*sznzend.ed:
Fhibo',s rirra] gets
eiaro/nsized
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TODqY t'lighili/ l'.ler:.,s ii,'ieet lhe ftrees Dateiii're Coul'tto!"'-l
R*caranzenr{ed:
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snag at bacl time
i;r scienre ar-*d *pace, l.n": qirari<s t* Hl*jble, Mars anil 13t!{:*f}" $*rveci
br"e**: t;cienre trJitsr,-r-,rail Alan, *r c*nneci rT a Face.boolt or Trvitter"
SUl-=cribeto R53
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tll:ii,el.r. ir:l. sidr:*; An *iat
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*{*cq'3':::: gra'ph *e. es+3r:ii*
kinrls *
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hai:*er':-s iryhe* * **rill* is iicklsl in eapiivity.
*f a la::gh? F-ese+ichers *ckfed i:*J:ies an* si.{ ili€*rent
cs, and f*cx* tha? the Fattefi:s fi.: a ela;sicapes, q*anfifi**their
nier3'lree"
tt*rns hlat at th* a::*rigi :: : sf ?:xs::*a hi3edtg *:] d ffggg|$,*| ctli er L s n ri :r I *
I
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{ari&*r tha* t?aat,"
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g*** ba*k *ilsa-ct:* a* 16 ;*i!.i!** -;:€*;:s," s*!d
*l*g?st H**::cL Fj*tl;r R*s.t" 8;:€: *f "th* r*"cearch.'ru
,,1 i:f.i.iiir i*. Lhe jctlr*al *lirr*ni Bi*i*g.'. "lt **r*d g*
e*ialiaeii S*l* *f a:::ara? iaagh?*r, i,=ak Fa:*cs*pp *f
* iE ct.*"*niieEy g**s *r€h-+s bark thaq; th*i" "f i:*r+r;n*'$'
:cepi cax, and, alre*dy l:as fu**n, +:"te::d*d i* cvia:it:ea1i,1l:
id me. i* *:l *::p*;E"
r: th*-v-'r* ti*]**qtr i:5?:u:**n h.axcil*::s - ax* ti:*y i#s?st th*I"
cr asrci s**iai j*y"l' *ut s*:ae *E"epii'-rs ira-o-* said ifs t**
soirncs as ti-ue 1*.iighier"
* R*ss a** i::*r *qii*xge** * G**tg;*,5tat* C;:i-r,'i:rsif;-l=
a*:: +f 'rh* L]c?ilrss:s;g *f 1'*t*r?na::y }.'?**icin* i:::
supp*€ thre cas* f*r 3r:?maiiaqghl*g. T,he si:len#isls
ric** r.a**].i-zirti*;r+ tr*r. th:=*e. hi=:ran !nfa::ts anrJ f**r
, p?:;s tk* i*ss *1+q*i;7 re.!:-rt*d =ia"m**5 xpe'"
rlr*ii f*r tk* z5 *rg:*ri:**ntai *tl:.;*c€s * "n*riabl';s s**h
ili:e !n-a*{i-*r:t -breathixg p=.iterni a,*d th* viJ:raii*ns *f
r$ rr'.'L+se i-*it i::t* *l slr{?'^,'ac* FF*gfai:r ti:rgt l**ked fc;r
? *is. T'i;*a t-Fr* ** rl;p r:t *.r':*x s?tz: it*d * ph ;i c g s ri e.[ i r i- re *
i t** daia *i*si.
refi e c€ tl:* wid+}y ** cept* d e=*, *iuE-;:na q; r*l ati * n s i? i*$
.vvRS 14,*1 *ut'*nl !;s *r*: *rae*h" ili:impanrees a'nd
**eh *t**r, *ni t* h:*rrs***. G*xiiac i:rarlci':*d *::1- a i;ii
n-s E1:*tril li;ra.*;: =iifi.
ila R*sc s*icl. Th+ hi::eax babi*s had s iiisti:rctlv*: peit*rn
r*gt:l*r r,'*i*icg, *nt*e *xhsle **ly" Bai ** resear*ns:'s
rri ia th* chi;np -"*cali=aii*es: t;;p-"t:*'11yr a la'qi ir**-:*:b*k**-
f?an: *-** *f ti:* spe.c!*s thal:s*re sl*die*" a:;
{Jni.,*rci}. *l P*rEsm*r:ih :
.-:1,1,
flf' 5€*F, Fa;:ks*pp aadbis *c3
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T"h+ r*s4a:ci:: e**dE*t*$ i-;--v *ar'
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F1Jn{ir}+r" *erme::y -;tpp*.ars i
*?:.art*d p sp*c€ri'r:* *f ii*i'i*-imq
s6**,i** tf g::*at ilp*s ?* *aP€i:4t
Hi *: *n $a:;*ii*r-= varja*ies -+er*.
as tl:e llnifh *f iire.c'{i*aiiz*ii*r
the r'**ril c*ids" &ii t&*ss *.r:mi
rel *t?clnb*ip$ i]+*'.ee.en ihe d*ta
{tbat is= iii* "fa*:-:i3r tr**"} €}ra't l
Th* res{:lt,ieg tr** iii:::eri *lr? ti
hetrv=*;f the sp**les. Ti:* siam:
h*::*]-=*f :uere *! **ei;' r*lat*d ti
i*'*"*: *f ?.1-:= tr*'*, ae'i *ranFr3;
"ii'$ an p*.te.r*slir:g pati*::1"r,-' I)i
*f larag$terr: s E:*a*h*a:haa, rv:t
cr:=.rid ,*{* ehe ri:r:,t= *f th*! p:':itr
i:h*h**" * si *g *-:z izz* arr:i - *ttt *::
lise*= :]r: th* :i*ki**in€c**d i*r
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http://cosmiclog.m msn.com/43 5 I 640-how-animals-1augh 1U&lz}rc
s laugh
Tlec kers were sa:ra:ris*d * f,n*ihat s**:* *f th* ap*s ecr:ld extendtheir
Page 3 of 12
n t* a$ lsl}g as ls $***dsd*ringlaughte!""T4at.i$"o.F{|.*8.*.*.X.*l*pgpt
clt *llig ?r: h$fir&rts,'*vila R*ss sa!d. "ii's certainly an impoitant pa# r:f
spee.eh -that we can p tineror:s voc*i fXbr*--.ryitk*ut E:wing t* *t*p, i*h*!*, amt
say a inOr* }l'*Ffrs €gais}.
lnihelr'crrent Biology paper,e researchers saJ'*'c::e cae e*:aclude that it is
eFilr*t* c*r:si*er'}a*gk t* be a cr*s**s5:*ei*s phex*:r:en*r! and thatit is
use this ter:n f*r tickling-induced vocalizatic:rs
tu4{,.,i **6F#4##wffi*
werrld
a mini::ralist fu ighiy c**servative int*rpretat?*n afti:*
ing an rats= but +ther r"ese*r*h stiggests t&at *tglnake
id !:e cc*sidered lar4h€er" The "dog*ia*gh" ac*sts!
esh*i
ta i:e
th*r*f*n+t anth
a
p?ay
gsc
G;re *f
rat
!i:esi
l*ca}
Bergd*
*tr gt*a
1:rain
Th*
ts , v*e*lizatic::s
are s*E!r.v *r*atuies," Burgdc
*K s*at ah*et *ats? C+uld
The "d-og- l augh " acccmgg*i9.$.
;Ji;iliimffiffdis iitre aear the $*lr!1d, it appears t* redrr*dE€F*iss ilike er
+ :,. : | 4:*='.1i;'*?d't'a&, I r+.*'*'+'ogs hear the $*l*1d, it aPPears t*
F&rtkn estcrn Eiaiversity's Jeffr*y sr:rgd*r€, s*id
5"s**.::9*l**'-Sa?i*'""T'gg-myxJs-l'E*tssspr
*g*F::"!*:9:**gti91l:::Fr-*irli*s-*ir
i,E, tl:e ntcre tikely it ie t* +xh?bit 9*cg?rt*r {or, rc*r*
,.*F#..+4*#J.-d-.+*&'-r+i #1 *& + l'tsr*1i{ t'
**th*ck$ng *r playi" Rais 9ai:gh, b*€ n*? micc" "Miee
in the rats' r*Aror.k*rnisal re4;*lt*e as eeli" E aughlng,
tE:e release of *ppa;::i::e *rd ep?ates that r6*ke the
sai&
rrring be c*nsi*bred laug!*er? "M-:r gtrt say's that it is, bttt
3'*{i 't sir*x' !E *mpiricail.r', "*rgd*ri sai<i" If r*sear*h*rs fi::d tha€ a c*t's pen' is
ui; gk f rtr6)P"g$,.ttfu e'€ a*Q* f* r ft I i h Crina ir ] I
€?re gg*ai apes,"
arrlrtrrdthe
said the. paper "prcv!
frndings"" He's been fo
1!-in1l +f Lian! thai
,i'i*r, an* witen oth*r
aincfig Fie:nans]"
:4*1*.eas@..{+
r:ksepp's rex*ar*h
=**m t* have a si
it's r*rvard?::g t*
s*es tlse *siden** of
heariag trai:girter,
sa*iaEh. oriect*da
Cosmic Log - How ani
la*gi:te
t* aei
"Invett
?rumacls
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Er*='rr*se:
http://cosmiclog.m msn.com/rU&l20r0
Bi$t
laugh Page 4 of 12
=g*3*g*x#lax*s."eq+sqffi
si Ytr*:€*r.*
i:ieas{rres.
rates er ake v**elia*ti{,
" $aid Br.irgdarf, s*t::::
a i:r:e bsas*s, thai n t :ne*:: it's t4eghing at 1'**.
erflaugkter
researcl: drresn t s late *n r,v-h*t dr+l:* tire. er'*iet?o:: cf la*gE:t*r. "It c*uld- b*
ar* s*tlal factcrs th h-aa,* ha*. aa impa*t on e';*Isti*:1," Savil* R*ss saiei.
ld -** si€* *ff*cts +f er.*h$isc *f -u*c*lizati** a*d spce*!:""
w*re recorded *r:ri-:rs ng sessi*as at se.+*n Er:r*pean =cos, ar:d Savila R*ss
tliat laugl'rter in w?ld, *o$id:ie differ*ntfr*rr lar:ghter i:: captlviry
rp r+ith *::*ther e** gr*$p, ?}ere are *iffer*ac*s," slle
€i:e rcseareh*rs tried r*?#ffii=* t}re p*t*ntlatr fi:r h*mac iafis:e;:ce by iickli:tg
ad$ii apes"
but tl:ey d*n t k*s* ::e-ur*a:rsi*mical h**e*}*gy to
tk*r**ghly like ift* nei::'+sci*::tist he is. ?ra*slation:
i:* r,ss* c?*te.d i*'it!:*asare c*rild s*rr€ as p*sitive *ignals i* *th*r memF:ers *f
ies d*r?*g s**ial inier *s. "Et pr*batt}S'ear:re fr*:e n:ating vaealizati*r:s' :ru'hich
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